91 research outputs found
Lâenthousiasmante alchimie dâun Atlas des mondes urbains
Serge Weber (SW). Pour bien commencer lâannĂ©e 2021, EchoGĂ©o salue la parution dâun nouvel atlas des villes, qui ne ressemble Ă aucun autre et qui renouvelle profondĂ©ment le regard sur le fait urbain mondial Ă toutes les Ă©chelles. « AccĂ©lĂ©ration », « Morphologies », « MĂ©tropolisation », « Vies urbaines », « AnthropocĂšne », « Politiques », « ExpĂ©riences » sont les intitulĂ©s Ă©loquents des sept grandes sections de lâatlas, qui regroupent chacune entre cinq et dix doubles-pages thĂ©matiques. Il est..
Etude expérimentale du comportement d'une tÎle perforée aléatoirement en NiTi superélastique
Nous étudions expérimentalement la réponse complexe observée lors de la traction d'une plaque mince perforée superélastique NiTi. La présentation du travail abordera ainsi les aspects de conception, réalisation et validation du dispositif expérimental permettant le maintien de la planéité de l'éprouvette et des mesures de champs. Pour comparer le comportement pseudo-élastique d'un NiTi en phase superélastique, à une plasticité classique, les essais sont également effectués sur un acier inox
Monkeypox (Mpox) requires continued surveillance, vaccines, therapeutics and mitigating strategies
The widespread outbreak of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) recognized in 2022 poses new challenges for public healthcare systems worldwide. With more than 86,000 people infected, there is concern that MPXV may become endemic outside of its original geographical area leading to repeated human spillover infections or continue to be spread person-to-person. Fortunately, classical public health measures (e.g., isolation, contact tracing and quarantine) and vaccination have blunted the spread of the virus, but cases are continuing to be reported in 28 countries in March 2023. We describe here the vaccines and drugs available for the prevention and treatment of MPXV infections. However, although their efficacy against monkeypox (mpox) has been established in animal models, little is known about their efficacy in the current outbreak setting. The continuing opportunity for transmission raises concerns about the potential for evolution of the virus and for expansion beyond the current risk groups. The priorities for action are clear: 1) more data on the efficacy of vaccines and drugs in infected humans must be gathered; 2) global collaborations are necessary to ensure that government authorities work with the private sector in developed and low and middle income countries (LMICs) to provide the availability of treatments and vaccines, especially in historically endemic/enzootic areas; 3) diagnostic and surveillance capacity must be increased to identify areas and populations where the virus is present and may seed resurgence; 4) those at high risk of severe outcomes (e.g., immunocompromised, untreated HIV, pregnant women, and inflammatory skin conditions) must be informed of the risk of infection and be protected from community transmission of MPXV; 5) engagement with the hardest hit communities in a non-stigmatizing way is needed to increase the understanding and acceptance of public health measures; and 6) repositories of monkeypox clinical samples, including blood, fluids, tissues and lesion material must be established for researchers. This MPXV outbreak is a warning that pandemic preparedness plans need additional coordination and resources. We must prepare for continuing transmission, resurgence, and repeated spillovers of MPXV.We would like to thank Drs. Ming Fan at East Carolina University and Dara Wambach and her team at Johnson & Johnson for critically reviewing the manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Monkeypox (Mpox) requires continued surveillance, vaccines, therapeutics and mitigating strategies
The widespread outbreak of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) recognized in 2022 poses new challenges for public healthcare systems worldwide. With more than 86,000 people infected, there is concern that MPXV may become endemic outside of its original geographical area leading to repeated human spillover infections or continue to be spread person-to-person. Fortunately, classical public health measures (e.g., isolation, contact tracing and quarantine) and vaccination have blunted the spread of the virus, but cases are continuing to be reported in 28 countries in March 2023. We describe here the vaccines and drugs available for the prevention and treatment of MPXV infections. However, although their efficacy against monkeypox (mpox) has been established in animal models, little is known about their efficacy in the current outbreak setting. The continuing opportunity for transmission raises concerns about the potential for evolution of the virus and for expansion beyond the current risk groups. The priorities for action are clear: 1) more data on the efficacy of vaccines and drugs in infected humans must be gathered; 2) global collaborations are necessary to ensure that government authorities work with the private sector in developed and low and middle income countries (LMICs) to provide the availability of treatments and vaccines, especially in historically endemic/enzootic areas; 3) diagnostic and surveillance capacity must be increased to identify areas and populations where the virus is present and may seed resurgence; 4) those at high risk of severe outcomes (e.g., immunocompromised, untreated HIV, pregnant women, and inflammatory skin conditions) must be informed of the risk of infection and be protected from community transmission of MPXV; 5) engagement with the hardest hit communities in a non-stigmatizing way is needed to increase the understanding and acceptance of public health measures; and 6) repositories of monkeypox clinical samples, including blood, fluids, tissues and lesion material must be established for researchers. This MPXV outbreak is a warning that pandemic preparedness plans need additional coordination and resources. We must prepare for continuing transmission, resurgence, and repeated spillovers of MPXV
Use of satellite observations for operational oceanography: recent achievements and future prospects
The paper gives an overview of the development of satellite oceanography over the past five years focusing on the most relevant issues for operational oceanography. Satellites provide key essential variables to constrain ocean models and/or serve downstream applications. New and improved satellite data sets have been developed and have directly improved the quality of operational products. The status of the satellite constellation for the last five years was, however, not optimal. Review of future missions shows clear progress and new research and development missions with a potentially large impact for operational oceanography should be demonstrated. Improvement of data assimilation techniques and developing synergetic use of high resolution satellite observations are important future priorities
Preventive and curative effect of melatonin on mammary carcinogenesis induced by dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in the female SpragueâDawley rat
INTRODUCTION: It has been well documented that the pineal hormone, melatonin, which plays a major role in the control of reproduction in mammals, also plays a role in the incidence and growth of breast and mammary cancer. The curative effect of melatonin on the growth of dimethylbenz [a]anthracene-induced (DMBA-induced) mammary adenocarcinoma (ADK) has been previously well documented in the female SpragueâDawley rat. However, the preventive effect of melatonin in limiting the frequency of cancer initiation has not been well documented. METHODS: The aim of this study was to compare the potency of melatonin to limit the frequency of mammary cancer initiation with its potency to inhibit tumor progression once initiation, at 55 days of age, was achieved. The present study compared the effect of preventive treatment with melatonin (10 mg/kg daily) administered for only 15 days before the administration of DMBA with the effect of long-term (6-month) curative treatment with the same dose of melatonin starting the day after DMBA administration. The rats were followed up for a year after the administration of the DMBA. RESULTS: The results clearly showed almost identical preventive and curative effects of melatonin on the growth of DMBA-induced mammary ADK. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the inhibitory effects of melatonin. However, the mechanisms responsible for its strong preventive effect are still a matter of debate. At least, it can be envisaged that the artificial amplification of the intensity of the circadian rhythm of melatonin could markedly reduce the DNA damage provoked by DMBA and therefore the frequency of cancer initiation. CONCLUSION: In view of the present results, obtained in the female SpragueâDawley rat, it can be envisaged that the long-term inhibition of mammary ADK promotion by a brief, preventive treatment with melatonin could also reduce the risk of breast cancer induced in women by unidentified environmental factors
Is the meiofauna a good indicator for climate change and anthropogenic impacts?
Our planet is changing, and one of the most pressing challenges facing the scientific community revolves around understanding how ecological communities respond to global changes. From coastal to deep-sea ecosystems, ecologists are exploring new areas of research to find model organisms that help predict the future of life on our planet. Among the different categories of organisms, meiofauna offer several advantages for the study of marine benthic ecosystems. This paper reviews the advances in the study of meiofauna with regard to climate change and anthropogenic impacts. Four taxonomic groups are valuable for predicting global changes: foraminifers (especially calcareous forms), nematodes, copepods and ostracods. Environmental variables are fundamental in the interpretation of meiofaunal patterns and multistressor experiments are more informative than single stressor ones, revealing complex ecological and biological interactions. Global change has a general negative effect on meiofauna, with important consequences on benthic food webs. However, some meiofaunal species can be favoured by the extreme conditions induced by global change, as they can exhibit remarkable physiological adaptations. This review highlights the need to incorporate studies on taxonomy, genetics and function of meiofaunal taxa into global change impact research
Cellular and synaptic phenotypes lead to disrupted information processing in <i>Fmr1-KO</i> mouse layer 4 barrel cortex
Disquisitionum magicarum libri sex : quibus continentur acurata curiosarum artium & vanarum superstitionum confutatio, vtilis theologis, jurisconsultis, medicis, philologis
Quand « le capteur leur donne la parole » : la (difficile) reprĂ©sentation des usagers par le big data dans lâamĂ©nagement urbain
Cet article explore les coulisses dâune expĂ©rimentation menĂ©e au cours du projet de
réaménagement de la Place de la Nation à Paris pour représenter les usagers par le biais de
big data. Au travers de lâinstallation de diffĂ©rents capteurs en amont et en aval du
rĂ©amĂ©nagement, la mairie de Paris se saisit de lâexpĂ©rimentation proposĂ©e par lâentreprise
Cisco pour mieux connaĂźtre les usages de lâespace public, jugĂ©s imparfaitement reprĂ©sentĂ©s
dans les dispositifs de participation traditionnels. Toutefois, les données collectées ne seront
jamais utilisées par les équipes en charge du réaménagement de la place. Cet article analyse
ce contraste entre les promesses du big data et le non-usage des données pour comprendre
pourquoi ce nouveau mode de quantification nâest pas parvenu Ă sâimposer comme un
instrument de reprĂ©sentation au service de lâamĂ©nagement urbain. Le rĂ©cit de la mise en
Ćuvre de lâexpĂ©rimentation souligne que le succĂšs du big data ne tient pas exclusivement Ă
sa plus ou moins grande capacité à rendre compte du réel mais également aux conditions
sociales qui prĂ©sident Ă lâĂ©mergence, au dĂ©veloppement et Ă lâutilisation de ces technologies
quantitatives de reprĂ©sentation. Il souligne aussi lâapport (et les limites) du recours Ă
lâexpĂ©rimentation pour susciter lâinteraction entre producteurs et utilisateurs des donnĂ©es
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