Cooking fish and drinking milk? Patterns in pottery use in the southeastern Baltic, 3300–2400 cal BC

yesA study of pottery vessel contents and use was undertaken in order to obtain information on food processed in Subneolithic and Neolithic vessels from Nida and Šventoji (3300–2400 cal BC). The aim is to assess pottery use during major changes in the coastal environment and in material culture. Bulk carbon and nitrogen isotope, lipid biomarker and compound specific carbon isotope analysis was undertaken on ‘foodcrusts’, charred deposits adhering to vessel surfaces, and absorbed residues from different vessel types. In addition, three archaeological seal bones were analysed for bulk collagen and compound specific carbon isotope analysis to establish collagen-lipid offsets to inform interpretation of the data. The results show that the majority of the vessels were used for processing aquatic products. At Nida the data suggest exploitation of freshwater resources and, in the later stages of occupation, dairying. Analysis of a small number of Subneolithic vessels from Šventoji produced results that are also consistent with processing of aquatic products. Other substances identified include Pinaceae sp. resin or tar and beeswax. These data demonstrate that identifying patterns in pottery use contributes to understanding Neolithisation processes

The transition from foraging to farming (7000–500 cal BC) in the SE Baltic : A re-evaluation of chronological and palaeodietary evidence from human remains

Our knowledge of the timing and completeness of the transition from foraging, fishing and hunting to food production in boreal northeastern Europe is far from clear. Here, we present new bone collagen AMS 14C dates, and δ13C and δ15N isotope values for 20 humans and 17 animals from a 6500-year period dating from the Late Mesolithic to the Bronze Age in Lithuania. AMS 14C dates revealed large discrepancies in comparison to previously obtained radiocarbon dates, thus highlighting the need to re-date all prehistoric human remains where chronology was based on 14C dating of bone collagen. Stable isotope data indicate that inland Mesolithic-Subneolithic hunter-gatherers (7000–3000 cal BC) relied on a balance of freshwater food and game animals with regard to protein intake. The coastal Subneolithic groups (ca. 3000 cal BC) relied heavily on lagoon fishing, while seals and forest game were of lesser importance. Animal husbandry, most likely of sheep or goats, was a main source of protein for Neolithic Corded Ware Culture people (2900–2400 cal BC), although a significant contribution of freshwater food is also evident. Significant intra-individual variation in stable isotope values may demonstrate that a highly flexible subsistence strategy was adopted by the CWC people. Unusually high δ13C values indicate that millet had been already introduced into the farming economy of the Late Bronze Age around 1000 cal BC

Культура шаровидных амфор в Западной Литве

Rutulinių amforų kultūra (RAK) yra bene reikšmingiausia neolito kultūra, kadangi ji atvėrė naują gamybinio ūkio epochą. Šios kultūros paminklų Lietuvoje yra nedaug. Jie yra siejami su šiauriniu RAK paplitimo pakraščiu prie Vyslos vidurupio intakų bei didžiųjų Mozūrų ežerų. Straipsnyje yra analizuojama RAK Vakarų Lietuvoje. IV tūkst. pab. - III tūkst. pr. Lietuvoje prasidėjo pažintis su RAK gyventojais. Pastovūs gyventojai įsikūrė III tūkst. I ketvirtyje, o jų palikuonių išliko iki II tūkst. pr. Šios kultūros keramika savo technologija ypatingai išsiskiria. Buvo naudojamos gausios stambios selekcionuotos grūsto granito priemaišos molio masėje. Archeologiniai radiniai: rutulinės amforos, piltuvėlinės taurelės, vazos, statinėliniai puodai, dubenys, akmens, titnago dirbiniai ir kt. Ornamentikoje žinomi tik 3 elementai: stulpiukų įspaudai, perlinės juostelės bei virveliniai įspaudai. Didelis skirtumas tarp kasdienio vartojimo ir prestižinių dirbinių pastebėtas akmens inventoriuje. Titnago dirbinių formoms būdingi senesnių vietinių kultūrų požymiai. Perėjimą į gamybinį ūkį liudija rasti žemės darbo įrankiai: be ir kitose kultūrų gyvenvietėse aptinkamų kasamųjų lazdų ir įvairių kaplių, rasta medinių arklų. Keramikoje atsiranda nauji piešiniai, siejami su žemės ir žemės darbo įvaizdžiais. Gintariniuose lęšiuose ir trapecinuose kabučiuose atvaizduojamas požiūris į pasaulio sandarą. Svarbus buvo RAK atsineštas kirvio simbolis. Kirveliai tarnavo kaip amuletai žemdirbiams. Aukojama buvo dar iš Narvos kultūros likusiose senose alkavietėse.The culture of spheral amphora is the most significant Neolithic culture, since it paved the way for a new era of productive economy. There are not many monuments of the culture in Lithuania. They are related with the Northern edge of spread of the culture of spheral amphora by the Vistula’s midstream inflows and the great Masurian lakes. The article analyzes the culture of spheral amphora in the Central Lithuania. At the end of the 4th – beginning of the 3rd millennium B. C. inhabitants of the culture of spheral amphora emerged in Lithuania. Permanent inhabitants settled in the 1st quarter of the 3rd and their progeny remained till the beginning of the 2nd millennium B. C.. The ceramics of the culture stands out with its special technology. In the clay mass plenty of coarse selected grinded granite was used. The archeological findings: spheral amphorae, infudibular cups, vases, barrel-shaped pots, bowls, stone, flint articles, etc.. Only three elements are known in ornamentation: column brands, pearl strips and string brands. A big difference between the everyday use and prestigious articles is noted in the stone inventory. The shapes of flint articles characterize with the traits of older local cultures. The transition to the productive economy is evidenced by the discovered agricultural tools. Ceramics characterize with new drawings, related to images of land and farming. The amber pebbles and trapezium shaped staples reflect the view of the world. The symbol of an axe, brought by the culture of spheral amphora is important. The axes were used by farmers as amulets. Sacrifices were performed in the old sacrifice places, which remained from the Narva culture

New 14

Twenty-three samples of charred food remains, charcoal, burned animals, and human bones from 14 Lithuanian prehistoric sites were dated by radiocarbon as part of a dating project oriented towards renewing the prehistoric ceramics chronology. The new dates modified the dating of ceramic styles by hundreds to a thousand years. Three Textile Ware sherds were dated to 4230–2920 cal BC—the oldest known dates of Textile Ware pottery in the East Baltic. The organic-tempered pointed-bottomed Narva and Combed-like Wares were dated to 3970–3370 cal BC, while Bay Coast Ware (Haffkstenkultur, Rzucewo), including vessels decorated with cord impressions, were dated to 3940–3540 cal BC, i.e. to a period well preceding the Corded Ware/Battle Axe horizon in Europe. Three dates of Globular Amphorae Ware placed the phenomenon directly beyond the Bay Coast chronology, i.e. in 3450–2920 cal BC. Chamotte-tempered Corded Ware from SE Lithuania was dated to 2840–2570 cal BC. The first absolute dating of coarse ware of the Žalioji type pointed to a period of 760–515 cal BC instead of the previously assumed 2nd millennium cal BC. Cremated human bones from urns found at Paveisininkai, Kernavė, and Naudvaris cemeteries were dated to 790–380 cal BC. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates obtained from charred food remains should be treated with a certain caution due to a possible freshwater reservoir effect that has not yet been examined in Lithuania.The Radiocarbon archives are made available by Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202

Die Bernsteinerzeugnisse von Šventoji

The article analyzes the amber articles from Šventoji, found in an improved moor, not far from the Baltic seacoast, South of the Šventoji town. The excavations were performed from 1966 till 1998. The radiocarbon analysis showed that the articles can be dated the 3rd millennium B. C.. Most findings were discovered in one cultural layer, some in two cultural layers, which created the possibility to get a miscellaneous view of the findings. A lot of wooden, stone and horn articles were found in the locations of discovery of the amber articles. Such a broad context allows for a more successful answering of the questions, related with the amber artifacts. The amber findings are analyzed not only as amber articles but also as objects, reflecting economic and cultural relations. The amber articles from Šventoji cover four cultures: the Narva – Neman, the Globular Amphora, the Funnelbeaker and Corded Ware cultures. The performed studies allow for stating that amber had a sacral meaning to representatives of different cultures. Different cultures were engaged in active trade of both jewellery and comprehension of the world

The nursing needs of hospital patients undergoing the amputation of limbs

The author of work: Rimantienė Aušra Title:The nursing needs of hospital patients undergoing the amputation of limbs The tutor of work: Gradauskas Audrius, docent The Vilnius University Institute of Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Nursing Lithuania 2008-05-14 Number of pages 74 The number of amputations remains large in Lithuania. Nursing after amputations is of great importance, because the subsequent aftercare and life quality depends on the nursing quality. The nursing care after amputations is insufficient due to a great number of psychological, rehabilitation, disability problems as well as needs for care, which are important in present day practice and nursing science. The aim of this work is to assess needs for nursing care of patients with amputated lower extremities in hospital settings. The objectives of the work: To determine expectations, specifics of nursing care and problems of patients after amputations; to investigate, whether the cause of amputation influences patient' needs and the quality of life, to evalaute nurse's atitude and expectations towards nursing care of patiens after amputations. METHODS The objectives of the survey – problems, nursing needs, and expectations of selected patients, experiencing amputation of lower extremities as well as the attitude of nurses to the nursing care of such patients. Questionnaires and analyses of statistical data were chosen as methods of the survey. 82 patients with amputated lower extremities participated in the inquiry. The respondents were questioned at the Vilnius University Hospital and at the Traumatological Department of the Vilnius University Emergency Hospital. 61 general practice nurses, working at the Vascular Surgery Centre of Vilnius University Hospital, at the Surgery Clinic and at the Orthopaedics Traumatological Unit of the Vilnius University Emergency Hospital, participated in the inquiry. 64 histories of diseases of patients with amputated lower extremities were analysed. The online database was used for the work; the statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS 12 h online program. CONCLUSIONS The needs of patients after amputations are physical, psychological and social, particularly for patients, with amputated lower extremities due to frostbites and chilblains, because in most cases they do not possess permanent shelter. Nursing needs of patients with amputated lower extremities are satisfied only partially because the information on care peculiarities of amputated patients is insufficient for a majority of nurses, whereas the patients expect a greater individual attention and personal contacts. The complex assistance is necessary for patients, because the hospitalisation period is prolonged. The intolerance to amputated patients belittles nursing needs. A great number of amputations due to frostbites could be avoided if social services would pay greater attention to the homeless people

FIREPLACE IN A STRUCTURE OF ARCHAIC DWELLING-HOUSE / UGNIAKURAS ARCHAJINIO GYVENAMOJO BŪSTO STRUKTŪROJE

Nagrinėjami nuo seniausių laikų egzistavę archajinio būsto ugniakurai, kurie buvo aptikti dabartinės Lietuvos teritorijoje. Nors ugniakuras žmogaus gyvenamojoje aplinkoje buvo ir tebėra vienas esmingiausių būties komponentų ir būsto struktūros elementas, iki šiol mūsų architektūrologijoje nebuvo specialiai tiriamas. Įvairių nesusistemintų duomenų apie gyvenamojo būsto ugniakurus Lietuvoje yra archeologų, istorikų, mitologų, etnologų moksliniuose darbuose. Negausių ir gana fragmentiškų žinių šia tema esti keliuose architektūros istorijai skirtuose tekstuose. Todėl bandant užpildyti minėtą spragą, parengtas šis straipsnis. Jame aptariamas ankstyviausias būsto ugniakuro istorinės raidos etapas, prasidedantis išvien su stacionaraus būsto statybos pradžia.The aim of this work is to unravel the genesis of fireplace in a structure of ancient dwelling-house. The work is based in archaeological findings situated in Lithuanian territory. Fireplace has been and remains one of the most essential components in the existence and in the structure of a house, but so it did not attain a special research in our architecturology so far. There is various sparse and scattered data on the fireplaces of a dwelling-houses in a works of archaeologists, historians and ethnologists. The work‘s attempt is to fill the above-mentioned gap. Time period, discussed in this article, is the earliest stage in a development of a fireplace, starting jointly with the beginning of building stationary dwelling-house