Translators' requirements for translation technologies: user study on translation tools

Another major concern of the survey respondents was the quality of machine translation and its usefulness for creating draft translations for post- editing. In this direction, a part of this dissertation is dedicated to evaluation of machine translation, and investigation of the post-editing process. The findings of these studies showed which machine translation errors are easier to post-edit, which can be of practical use for improving the post-editing workflow.This dissertation investigates the needs of professional translators regarding trans- lation technologies with the aim of suggesting ways to improve these technologies from the users’ point of view. It mostly covers the topics of computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools, machine translation and terminology management. In particular, the work presented here examines three main questions: 1) what kind of tools do translators need to increase their productivity and income, 2) do ex- isting translation tools satisfy translators’ needs, 3) how can translation tools be improved to cater to these needs. The dissertation is composed of nine previously published articles, which are included in the Appendix, while the methodology used and the results obtained in these studies are summarised in the main body of the dissertation. The task of identifying user needs was approached from three different perspectives: 1) eliciting translators’ needs by means of a user survey, 2) evaluation of existing CAT systems, and 3) analysis of the process of post-editing of ma- chine translation. The data from the user survey was analysed using quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques. The post-editing process was studied through quantitative measures of time and technical effort, as well as through the qualitative study of the actual edits.The survey results demonstrated that the two crucial characteristics of CAT software were usability and functionality. It also helped to distinguish the features translators find most useful in their software, such as support for many different document formats, concordance search, autopropagation and autosuggest functions. Based on these preferences, an evaluation scheme for CAT software was developed. Various ways of improving CAT software usability and functionality were proposed, including making better use of textual corpora techniques and providing different versions of software with respect to the required level of functionality

IMMUNOLOGIC MONITORING AND ITS ROLE FOR TRANSPLANTATION AND INFECTIOUS IMMUNITY

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Machine Translation Post-Editing at TransPerfect - the 'Human' Side of the Process

La postedició de traduccions automàtiques (PETA) és cada cop més una pràctica comú dins la indústria de la traducció. Una col·laboració apropiada amb els traductors és clau per implantar la TA amb èxit dins el procés de traducció. En aquest article expliquem els diferents procediments que apliquem a TransPerfect per fer de la PETA una eina pràctica i beneficiosa per als professionals de la traducció.Machine translation post-editing (MTPE) is becoming a common practice in translation industry. Proper collaboration with linguists is key to successful MT implementation in the translation workflow. At TransPerfect, we apply different procedures to make MTPE convenient and beneficial for translators, which are outlined in this article.La posedición de traducciones automáticas (PETA) está adquiriendo el carácter de práctica habitual en la industria de la traducción. La adecuada colaboración con los profesionales de la lengua es un elemento fundamental para la correcta implementación de la TA en el proceso de traducción. En este artículo se indican los diversos procedimientos que empleamos en TransPerfect para que la PETA les resulte práctica y ventajosa a los traductores

Interdisciplinary studies of the Cis-Ural Neolithic (Upper Kama basin, Lake Chashkinskoe): Palaeoecological aspects

In this paper we present preliminary results of the first palaeoecological investigations in the Cis-Ural region. This was an area of intensive Neolithic occupation of fluvial landscapes within the basin of the Upper Kama River, the largest river in the area. We selected the area of Lake Chashkinskoe as a key region, where around 10 sites have been found on the remains of the fluvial terraces of the Kama River. We used palaeochannel analysis, radiocarbon dating, and palynology for past landscape reconstruction.V članku predstavljamo preliminarne rezultate prvih paleoekoloških preiskav na območju zahodnega dela Uralskega gorovja. Tukaj je potekala intenzivna neolitska poselitev rečne pokrajine znotraj bazena zgornjega dela reke Kama, ki je hkrati največja reka v regiji. Za ključno območje smo izbrali jezero Chashkinskoe, kjer je bilo na ostankih rečnih teras reke Kama odkritih 10 najdišč. Za rekonstrukcijo pretekle pokrajine smo uporabili analize paleostrug, radiokarbonsko datiranje in palinologijo

Measuring post-editing time and effort for different types of machine translation errors

Post-editing (PE) of machine translation (MT) is becoming more and more common in the professional translation setting. However, many users refuse to employ MT due to bad quality of the output it provides and even reject post-editing job offers. This can change by improving MT quality from the point of view of the PE process. This article investigates different types of MT errors and the difficulties they pose for PE in terms of post-editing time and technical effort. For the experiment we used English to German translations performed by MT engines. The errors were previously annotated using the MQM scheme for error annotation. The sentences were post-edited by students in translation. The experiment allowed us to make observations about the relation between technical and temporal PE effort, as well as to discover the types of errors that are more challenging for PE

Nine terminology extraction Tools: Are they useful for translators?

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by MultiLingual in MultiLingual on 01/04/2016, available online: http://dig.multilingual.com/2016-04-05/ The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.Terminology extraction tools (TETs) have become an indispensable resource in education, research and business. Today, users can find a great variety of terminology extraction tools of all kinds, and they all offer different features. Apart from many other areas, these tools are especially helpful in the professional translation setting. We do not know, however, if the existing tools have all the necessary features for this kind of work. In search for the answer, we looked at nine selected tools available on the market to find out if they provide the translators’ most favorite features

A case of chronic progressive Lyme encephalitis as a manifestation of late Lyme neuroborreliosis

A 54-year-old female living in Europe presented with gait ataxia, dizziness, and bilateral hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed non-specific white matter changes. The patient's condition gradually deteriorated over two years without diagnosis. The patient continued to decline cognitively and neurologically with worsening ataxia and upper motor neuron signs. Repeat MRI showed worsening white matter changes. Lumbar puncture, not previously done, showed positive Lyme testing. Treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone resulted in marked neurological improvement. Four years after symptom, the patient has short-term memory deficits and chronic fatigue, but is otherwise neurologically, cognitively, and functionally intact. Follow up MRI findings remain largely unchanged. Because cases of intraparenchymal or encephalopathic neuroborreliosis in America are lacking, so are treatment options. We present a rare case and discuss our experience with antibiotic treatment. This case lends evidence to define optimal treatment of this disease, imperative for hastening neurological recovery

Comparing post-editing difficulty of different machine translation errors in Spanish and German translations from English

Post-editing (PE) of Machine Translation (MT) is an increasingly popular way to integrate MT in the professional translation workflow, as it increases productivity and income. However, the quality of MT is not always good enough to blindly choose PE over translation from scratch. This article studies the PE of different error types and compares indicators of PE difficulty in English-to-Spanish and English-to-German translations. The results show that the indicators in question 1) do not correlate between each other for all error types, and 2) differ between languages

Exploiting Data-Driven Hybrid Approaches to Translation in the EXPERT Project

Technologies have transformed the way we work, and this is also applicable to the translation industry. In the past thirty to thirty-five years, professional translators have experienced an increased technification of their work. Barely thirty years ago, a professional translator would not have received a translation assignment attached to an e-mail or via an FTP and yet, for the younger generation of professional translators, receiving an assignment by electronic means is the only reality they know. In addition, as pointed out in several works such as Folaron (2010) and Kenny (2011), professional translators now have a myriad of tools available to use in the translation process.Published versio