Encountering distributed denial of service attack utilizing federated software defined network

This research defines the distributed denial of service (DDoS) problem in software-defined-networks (SDN) environments. The proposes solution uses Software defined networks capabilities to reduce risk, introduces a collaborative, distributed defense mechanism rather than server-side filtration. Our proposed network detection and prevention agent (NDPA) algorithm negotiates the maximum amount of traffic allowed to be passed to server by reconfiguring network switches and routers to reduce the ports' throughput of the network devices by the specified limit ratio. When the passed traffic is back to normal, NDPA starts network recovery to normal throughput levels, increasing ports' throughput by adding back the limit ratio gradually each time cycle. The simulation results showed that the proposed algorithms successfully detected and prevented a DDoS attack from overwhelming the targeted server. The server was able to coordinate its operations with the SDN controllers through a communication mechanism created specifically for this purpose. The system was also able to determine when the attack was over and utilize traffic engineering to improve the quality of service (QoS). The solution was designed with a sophisticated way and high level of separation of duties between components so it would not be affected by the design aspect of the network architecture

PENGARUH HARGA DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN PADA DISTRO ENEMY, ADEL THE VOICE, DAN BRANDING JHON ARMY DI KOTA BANDUNG

ABSTRAK Kepuasan kerja karyawan sangat dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan karena karyawan adalah aset yang sangat penting bagi perusahaan, karena karyawan dalam bekerja merasa kurang nyaman, kurang dihargai dan tidak bisa potensi yang dia miliki, maka secara otomatis karyawan tidak dapat fokus dan konsentrasi secara penuh terhadap pekerjaannya. Pada penelitian ini kepuasan kerja karyawan dapat dipengaruhi oleh kepemimpinan dan prestasi kerja karyawan. kepemimpinan adalah proses mempengaruhi orang lain agar mampu memahami serta menyetujui apa yang harus dilakukan sekaligus bagaimana melakukannya, sedangkan prestasi kerja hasil kerja secara kuantitas dan kualitas yang dicapai oleh seseorang karyawan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya sesuai dengan tanggung jawab yang diberikan kepadanya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kepemimpinan dan prestasi kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan pada PT. TASPEN Bandung. Sempel dalam penelitian ini adalah 60 responden. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan verifikatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan penyebaran kuesioner. Metode analisi data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda, korelasi berganda, dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kepemimpinan, prestasi kerja dan kepuasan kerja karyawan PT. TASPEN Bandung dapat dikatakan kurang baik. Kepemimpinan dan prestasi kerja memberikan pengaruh yang kuat terhadap peningkatan kepuasan kerja karyawan yaitu sebesar 86,9%. Dilihat dari koefisien determinasi secara persial kepemimpinan memberikan pengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja sebesar 57,2%. Sedangkan prestasi kerja memberikan pengaruh yang lebih kecit terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan yaitu sebesar 18,3%. kata kunci: Kepemimpinan, Prestasi kerja Karyawan dan Kepuasan kerja karyawan

Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Ekstraksi Batang Brotowali (Tinospora Crispa (L) Hook.f & Thomson) terhadap Aktivitas Hambatan Enzim Alfa Glukosidase

Brotowali (Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f. &Thomson) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang telah banyak digunakan untuk pengobatan tradisional dan memiliki aktivitas sebagai antidiabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kondisi proses ekstraksi batang brotowali terhadap aktivitas hambatan enzim alfa glukosidase, kadar total fenol dan Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Simplisia batang brotowali yang digunakan memiliki kadar susut pengeringan sebesar 11,59%; kadar air 9,11%; kadar abu total 7,62%; kadar abu tidak larut asam 5,00%; kadar sari larut air 2,24%; kadar sari larut etanol 0,53% dan kadar total fenol 2,90 mg Ekivalen Asam Galat (EAG)/g simplisia. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel tetap yaitu metode ekstraksi perkolasi, konsentrasi etanol kualitas pangan 70% dan laju alir pelarut 250 mL/menit. Sedangkan variabel peubahnya adalah delapan waktu ekstraksi (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 dan 240 menit) dan tiga perbandingan simplisia-pelarut (1:10, 1:15 dan 1:20). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai aktivitas hambatan enzim alfa glukosidase dan TDS tertinggi diperoleh pada perbandingan simplisia-pelarut 1:10 dan berbeda signifikan (P<0,05) dengan perbandingan simplisia-pelarut 1:15 dan 1:20. Kadar total fenol berbeda signifikan (P< 0,05) antara ketiga perbandingan simplisia-pelarut 1:10, 1:15 dan 1:20. Proses waktu ekstraksi menunjukkan perbandingan nisbah simplisia-pelarut 1:10 memiliki aktivitas hambatan enzim alfa glukosidase tertinggi 81,31%, kadar total fenol 40,52 mg EAG/g ekstrak pada180 menit. Perbandingan simplisia-pelarut 1:15 diperoleh hambatan enzim alfa glukosidase tertinggi 74,79%, kadar total fenol 22,74 mg EAG/g ekstrak pada 30 menit. Sedangkan perbandingan simplisia-pelarut 1:20 diperoleh hambatan enzim alfa glukosidase tertinggi 65,00%, kadar total fenol 30,69 mg EAG/g ekstrak pada 210 menit.Kata kunci : Ekstraksi, Tinospora crispa, alfa glukosidase AbstractBrotowali (Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f. &Thomson) is one of medicinal plants, which is widely used as traditional medicine and has been using as an antidiabetic activity. The aims of study were to investigate the influence of extraction process of T.crispa on alpha-glucosidase inhibitoryactivity, total phenols content and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) content. T.crispa used content of loss on drying, water content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, compound soluble in water, soluble in ethanol and total phenols were found to be 11.59%, 9.11%, 7.62%, 5.00%, 2.24%, 0.53% and 2.90 mg Gallic Acide Equivalent (GAE)/g respectively. This study used dependent variables those were method of extraction using percolation, 70% ethanol food grade as solvent and 250 mL/min flow rate of extraction. There were eight extraction times (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 minutes) and three ratios of T.crispa-solvent (1:10, 1:15 and 1:20) as nondependent variable. The results of extraction process showed that alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity and TDS content of the highest in ratio T.crispa solvent of 1:10 and significantly difference (P<0.05) than 1:15 and 1:20. The total phenols content of all ratios of T.crispa-solvents 1:10, 1:15 and 1:20 having a significantly difference (P<0.05). The process of extraction time in ratio T.crispa-solven 1:10 with the best alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity 8.13%, phenol total content 40.52 mg GAE/g was on 180 minutes. Extraction time in ratio T.crispa-solven 1:15 with alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity 74.79% and phenol total content 22.74 mg GAE/g was on 30 minutes. Extraction time in ratio T.crispa-solven 1:20 with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity 65.00%, phenol total content 30.69mg GAE/g was on 210 minutes.Keywords : Extraction, Tinospora crispa, alpha-glucosidas

Optimasi Kondisi Ekstraksi Senyawa Total Fenolik Buah Labu Siam (Sechium Edule (Jacq.) Sw.) Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology

Chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq). Sw.) is one of the vegetable plants that can be used for traditional medicine and has activity as an antioxidant. The objective of the research is to know aims the optimum condition of fruit of chayote extract to total phenolic compound. The method for determining the optimum condition is by using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was selected as a research design with three factors parameters and three levels. The three variabels used are the extraction times (2, 3 and 4 hours), chayote-solvents ratio (1:5, 1:10 and 1:15) and solvent concentration (food quality ethanol 30, 50 and 70%). The total phenolic content and yield extraction were obtained as the non-dependent variables. The extraction was done by percolation method and total phenolic content was analyzed by using ELISA reader. The simplicis used is fresh fruit of chayote with dried up shrink rate of 90.47%, water content 93.69%, total ash content of 0.44%, 0.02% acid soluble ash content, 0.52% for soluble compound in water, 0.52% soluble in ethanol, and total phenol content of 4.75 mg EAG/g dry simplicia. The results showed that the optimum condition of extraction for fresh fruit of chayote was obtained at 2 hours extraction with 1:14.35 chayote-solvent ratios and ethanol concentration 66.22% with total phenol value 2.50 mg EAG/g extract and 2.20% extraction yields. In conclusion, the total phenolic compounds of fruit chayote has been successfully optimized using the Response Surface Methodology technique. The optimum condition of total phenolic compound of fruit chayote is in the range of factors determined

Pelatihan Penulisan Karya Ilmiah (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas sebagai Inspirasi Guru Profesional)

Pelatihan Penulisan Karya ilmiah ini merupakan bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat. Kegiatan pelatihan ini fokus pada Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Pelatihan ini bertujuan (1) memberikan pemahaman kepada guru terhadap pentingnya Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (2) para guru mampu mengaplikasikan konsep dan pemahaman Penelitian Tindakan Kelas pada pelaksanaan dan evaluasi proses pembelajaran. Lokasi kegiatan ini di Kecamatan Kopang, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Peserta pelatihan adalah para guru di tingkat Sekolah Dasar dan Menengah Pertama se-Kecamatan Kopang Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Peserta yang hadir pada pelatihan ini sebanyak 35 peserta. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan ini adalah ceramah bervariasi dalam bentuk seminar sehari. Peserta terlihat aktif dan semangat mengikuti pelatihan. Hal ini ditandai dengan pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh para peserta. Berdasarkan temuan hasil diskusi bahwa pelatihan penelitian tindakan kelas memberikan inspirasi tersendiri bagi guru. Kegiatan semacam ini yang jarang dilaksanakan didaerah. Peserta akan mengaplikasikan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan harapan ada proses pendampingan yang berkelanjutan

The High Radiosensitizing Efficiency of a Trace of Gadolinium-Based Nanoparticles in Tumors

International audienceWe recently developed the synthesis of ultrasmall gadolinium-based nanoparticles (GBN), (hydrodynamic diameter <5 nm) characterized by a safe behavior after intravenous injection (renal clearance, preferential accumulation in tumors). Owing to the presence of gadolinium ions, GBN can be used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and as radiosensitizers. The attempt to determine the most opportune delay between the intravenous injection of GBN and the irradiation showed that a very low content of radiosensitizing nanoparticles in the tumor area is sufficient (0.1 μg/g of particles, i.e. 15 ppb of gadolinium) for an important increase of the therapeutic effect of irradiation. Such a promising and unexpected result is assigned to a suited distribution of GBN within the tumor, as revealed by the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) maps

Taking stock: provider prescribing practices in the presence and absence of ACT stock

BACKGROUND: Globally, the monitoring of prompt and effective treatment for malaria with artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) is conducted largely through household surveys. This measure; however, provides no information on case management processes at the health facility level. The aim of this review was to assess evidence from health facility surveys on malaria prescribing practices using ACT, in the presence and absence of ACT stock, at time and place where treatment was sought. METHODS: A systematic search of published literature was conducted. Findings were collated and data extracted on proportion of patients prescribed ACT and alternative anti-malarials in the presence and absence of ACT stock. RESULTS: Of the 14 studies identified in which ACT prescription for uncomplicated malaria in the public sector was evaluated, just six, from three countries (Kenya, Uganda and Zambia), reported this in the context of ACT stock. Comparing facilities with ACT stock to facilities without stock (i) ACT prescribing was significantly higher in all six studies, increasing by a range of 21.3% in children < 5 yrs weighing ≥ 5 kg (p < 0.001; Kenya 2006) to 51.7% in children ≥ 10 kg (p < 0.001; Zambia 2006); (ii) SP prescribing decreased significantly in five studies, by a range of 14.4% (p < 0.001; Kenya 2006), to 46.3% (p < 0.001; Zambia 2006); (iii) Where quinine was a reported alternative, prescriptions decreased in five of the six studies by 0.1% (p = 1.0, Kenya 2010) to 10.2% (p < 0.001; Zambia 2006). At facilities with no ACT stock on the survey day, the proportion of febrile patients prescribed ACT was < 10% in five of the nine target groups included in the six studies, with the proportion prescribed ACT ranging from 0 to 28.4% (Uganda 2007). CONCLUSIONS: Prescriber practices vary based on ACT availability. Although ACT prescriptions increased and alternative anti-malarials prescriptions decreased in the presence of ACT stock, ACT was prescribed in the absence, and alternative anti-malarials were prescribed in the presence of, ACT. Presence of stock alone does not ensure that treatment guidelines are followed. More health facility surveys, together with qualitative research, are needed to understand the role of ACT stock-outs on provider prescribing behaviours and preferences