The Determination Of K ISCC Of Mild Steel In Hot Caustic By Using Small Circumferential Notched Tensile (CNT) Fracture Toughness Specimens

A new technique for rapid and cost-effective determination of stress intensity factor (K I) and fracture toughness (K IC) using small circumferential notch tensile (CNT) specimens is presented and used to determine the crack growth rate of an ex-service component. The paper highlights the scope and advantages of extending this technique for assessing the susceptibility of ferrous alloys to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). A modified CNT testing rig is designed and constructed based on an existing room temperature sustained load crack testing rig by adding facilities for testing SCC susceptibility at different temperatures. The new testing rig simplifies and speeds up the testing procedure as well as provides considerable cost advantage over the conventional fracture mechanics techniques. The paper also presents results of the SCC tests carried out on mild steel (AISI 1020) using this modified CNT rig

Dampak Perubahan Sosial Ekonomi terhadap Pemenuhan Pangan Rumaha Tangga di Kecamatan Dendang Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Untuk mengetahui tingkat pemenuhan panganrumah tangga didaerah penelitian. 2) mengetahui faktor sosial ekonomi terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan di Kecamatan Dendang Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui sosial ekonomi, terhadap pemenuhan pangan di Kecamatan Dendang. Penelitian ini dilaksakan selama satu bulan dimulai pada 11 Maret sampai 11 April 2013 yang dilakukan dengan metode observasi dan wawancara. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simple random sampling dan pemilihan daerah penelitian secara purposive Analisis data Perubahan sosial dan pemenuhan pangan dilakukan secara deskriptif sedangkan analisis dampak sosial ekonomi dengan pemenuhan pangan menggunakan rank sperman dengan kotingensi 3 x 3. Pemenuhan pangan di Kecamatan dendang Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur pada pembahasan menjelaskan bahwa persentase pemenuhan pangan rumah tangga (51,69%). Faktor Sosial:Umur responden (47,19%) pada usia produktif yang artinya : secara fisik dan pemikiran mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pangan rumah tangga.Pendidikan formal responden (43,83%) berada pada kategori sedang. Artinya : Semakin tinggi tingkat pendidikan maka semakin baik cara berfikir untuk menganalisis segala sesuatu yang dialami responden termasuk menganalisis kebutuhan pangan rumah tangga. Jumlah anggota keluarga (52,81%) memilki jumlah anggota keluarga yang tinggi, Artinya : semakin banyak anggota keluarga beban yang akan di tanggung akan semakin besar, sehingga kepala keluarga akan menambah pengeluaran untuk memenuhi konsumsi pangan rumah tangga

Neutral delay differential equations in the modelling of cell growth

In this contribution, we indicate (and illustrate by example) roles that may be played by neutral delay differential equations in modelling of certain cell growth phenomena that display a time lag in reacting to events. We explore, in this connection, questions involving the sensitivity analysis of models and related mathematical theory; we provide some associated numerical results

Evaluasi Penerapan Dokumentasi Patient Medication Record (Pmr) Di Apotek Wilayah Kabupaten Banyumas

Self-medication becomes the choice of people to solve the common and simple health suffered because of the low expensive and easy use. This kind of medication will be even better if the pharmacist is present at pharmacy and records the patient medications. The subject of this research was the simulation patients, and the inteview was done voluntarily. The type of this research was observational descriptive with cross-sectional design. Result show for this research involved 58 pharmacist in Banyumas Regency were 36 voluntary pharmacists to be interview, and 2 pharmacies were exlusions. Based on the patients\u27 perspective, there were 7 pharmacists doing the documentation of PMR. Meanwhile, based on the pharmacist\u27 perspevtive, there were 10 pharmacists doing the documentation of PMR. The supporting factors in the implementation of documentation of PMR referring to the interview with pharmacists were the financial resources and facilities. It was said that the provision of PMR sheets did not take a large amount of expense and did not need a special room to keep the PMR documents. The obstacle faced in implementation of documentation of PMR came from the human resources and the patients. It was caused by the fact that most of pharmacies in Banyumas only had one pharmacist so that mostly it was difficult to manage the time. The other problem coming from the patient was that mostly it was not the patient who bought the medicine, but the relative or other family members, and most patients came in a hurry so that the pharmacy found it difficult to get the information further. Key words: PMR, patient medication record, pharmacy, self-medication

On some aspects of casual and neutral equations used in mathematical modelling

The problem that motivates the considerations here is the construction of mathematical models of natural phenomena that depend upon past states. The paper divides naturally into two parts: in the first, we expound the inter-connection between ordinary differential equations, delay differential equations, neutral delay-differential equations and integral equations (with emphasis on certain linear cases). As we show, this leads to a natural hierarchy of model complexity when such equations are used in mathematical and computational modelling, and to the possibility of reformulating problems either to facilitate their numerical solution or to provide mathematical insight, or both. Volterra integral equations include as special cases the others we consider. In the second part, we develop some practical and theoretical consequences of results given in the first part. In particular, we consider various approaches to the definition of an adjoint, we establish (notably, in the context of sensitivity analysis for neutral delay-differential equations) roles for well-defined ad-joints and ‘quasi-adjoints’, and we explore relationships between sensitivity analysis, the variation of parameters formulae, the fundamental solution and adjoints

Essential Oils from Artemisia herba alba Asso., Maticaria Recutita L., and Dittrichia Viscosa L. (Asteraceae): A Promising Source of Eco-Friendly Agents to Control Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. Warehouse Pest

Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (C. maculatus) is one of the major pests of legume seeds in storage causing significant damage, leading to food insecurity and low income for farmers. This work was planned to develop eco-friendly agents from essential oils of Artemisia herba alba Asso. (AEO), Maticaria Recutita L. (MEO), and Dittrichia Viscosa L. (DEO) to control C. maculatus. To achieve this goal, essential oils (EOs) were extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus before being characterized by GC-MS. EOs were used for testing purposes using three different tests, namely, inhalation toxicity, contact toxicity, and repellency tests. GC-MS analysis of EOs showed the presence of 16 potentially active compounds in AEO and 38 in MEO, whilst 15 compounds were identified in DEO. AEO was higher in thujone (57.6%) and chrysanthenone (11.8%). Santolina alcohol (40.7%) and germacrene D (8.9%) were the major compounds identified in MEO, whereas isocostic acid (72.3%) was the chief compound of DEO. The obtained findings showed that the studied EOs showed considerable insecticidal activity against C. maculatus with a lethal dose (LC50) of 3.78, 8.86, and 14.34 μL/1 liter of air by AEO, MEO, and DEO, respectively. At 1 μL/1 liter of air, the oviposition reduction rate was 90.02%, 70.65%, and 48.23% by AEO, MEO, and DEO, respectively, whereas the emergence reduction rate was 87.32%, 60.08%, and 32.24% by AEO, MEO, and DEO, respectively. With increasing doses up to 20 μL/L, the reduction of individual emergence reached 98.8% by AEO of 24 h after treatment. AEO, MEO, and DEO showed significant repellent effects against adults of C. maculatus with repulsion percentages of 60.83%, 50.83%, and 72.5%, respectively. The outcome of this work suggests that the essential oils of the studied plants, particularly Artemisia herba alba Asso. oils, can constitute a natural and environmentally friendly alternative to develop new bioinsecticides for the control of C. maculatus.</jats:p

Feasibility of Image-Guided Radiotherapy for Elderly Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

PURPOSE: The study aims to assess the tolerance of elderly patients (70 years or older) with locally advanced rectal cancers to image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). A retrospective review of 13 elderly patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent preoperative chemoradiation using IGRT was performed. Grade 3-4 acute toxicities, survival, and long-term complications were compared to 17 younger patients (<70 years) with the same disease stage. RESULTS: Grade 3-4 hematologic toxicities occurred in 7.6% and 0% (p = 0.4) and gastrointestinal toxicities, and, in 15.2% and 5% (p = 0.5), of elderly and younger patients, respectively. Surgery was aborted in three patients, two in the elderly group and one in the younger group. One patient in the elderly group died after surgery from cardiac arrhythmia. After a median follow-up of 34 months, five patients had died, two in the elderly and three in the younger group. The 3-year survival was 90.9% and 87.5% (p = 0.7) for the elderly and younger group respectively. Two patients in the younger group developed ischemic colitis and fecal incontinence. There was no statistically significant difference in acute and late toxicities as well as survival between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Elderly patients with locally advanced rectal cancers may tolerate preoperative chemoradiation with IGRT as well as younger patients. Further prospective studies should be performed to investigate the potential of IGRT for possible cure in elderly patients with locally advanced rectal cancer