Analisis Tekstur Padalasan Stainless Steel 201 dengan Teknik Difraksi

ANALISIS TEKSTUR PADALASAN STAINLESS STEEL 201 DENGAN TEKNIK DIFRAKSI NEUTRON. Baja tahan karat jenis austenitik merupakan baja tahan karat yang banyak dipakai dalam industri, salah satunya adalah industri rumah tangga. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan karakterisasi Stainless Steel (SS) 201 yang banyak dijual di pasaran. Sebelum dilakukan karakterisasi, plat SS 201 dipotong dengan ukuran 150 mm × 120 mm× 10 mm, kemudian dibuat lubang berbentuk alur pada kedua permukaan, sehingga alur berbentuk X Double V Groove (DVG), selanjutnya alur DVG dilas dengan sistem pengelasan multi pass menggunakan metode pengelasan Metal Inert Gas (MIG). Bahan yang sudah dilas kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan teknik difraksi neutron untuk mendapatkan pola difraksi dan pole figure pada daerah pusat lasan FusionZone (FZ), daerah terpengaruh panas Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) dan daerah logam dasar Base Metal Zone (BMZ). Selanjutnya pole figure dianalisis dengan perangkat lunak Beartex untukmenentukan arah orientasi dan kekuatan tekstur pada ketiga daerah tersebut. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada daerah pusat lasan butir kristalit terorientasi {110} dengan tipe Brass dengan indeks tekstur sekitar 3,12 m.r.d (multiple random distribution) yang ditunjukkan pada pole figure 200. Untuk daerah HAZ, tekstur paling kuat terorientasi pada {110} atau tipe Goss dengan indeks tekstur 4,8 m.r.d. Pada daerah logamdasar, tekstur secara dominan terorientasi kearah {010} atau tipe Cube dengan indeks tekstur tidak terlalu kuat, sekitar 1,53 m.r.d. Pada daerah pusat lasan, bidang (110) sejajar dengan sumbu normal (ND), dengan arah kristalit sejajar dengan arah pengerolan (RD) [112]. Pada daerah HAZ bidang (110) tersebut mengarah ke arah sumbu pengerolan [001], dengan indeks tekstur 1,5 kali lebih kuat dibanding FZ. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bidang (110) yang semula terorientasi kearah [112] pada FZ berubah menjadi sekitar 35,26º ke arah [001] pada daerah HAZ. Untuk daerah logamdasar bidang (010)mengarah sejajar dengan arah normal (ND) dan teksturmengarah pada arah pengerolan (RD) [100]

Model Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Bidang Kesehatan, Studi Program Desa Siaga

Since 2006, the Health Department had launched the Village Preparedness program policy. But, this policy apparently not capable of empowering the community in identifying and solving the health problem at community (village) level. The objective of research is to formulate the community empowerment model in health in the Village Preparedness program. The targets of research were the Village Health Forum and Village Health Post in 30 Village Preparedness in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. The method involving survey and case study. The case study showed factors related to community capability of identifying health problem and community capability of solving the health problems. The community empowerment model in health including the capabilities of identifying and of solving the health problems. The community internal and external factors at members of community level, community institution, community leadership, and information access played important role in community empowerment in health

Evolution des teneurs en polyamines dans les boutons floraux, les fleurs et les jeunes baies de Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) atteints d’eutypiose

Development of polyamine levels in flower buds, flowers and young berries of Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) infected by eutypiosis fungus, Eutypa lata Effects of eutypiosis on polyamines (PAs) and tyramine contents in flower buds, flowers and young berries of grapevine were studied to determine the relationship between these components and disease development. The study was performed using organs (1) from healthy vines, (2) healthy appearing organs from vines with one symptomless arm and one diseased arm, and (3) diseased organs. Free PAs, conjugated polyamines ( PAs-fpm) and wall-bound polyamines (PAs-mm) were analysed in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon which is sensitive to eutypiosis. An increase of PAs-mm and a decrease of free PAs were observed in diseased organs; particularly putrescine and diaminopropane were concerned. On the other hand these substances were not affected by eutypiosis in the healthy appearing organs. Alterations of free PAs and PAs-mm in diseased organs were correlated with alteration of the flowering process. In contrast, the PAsfpm levels decreased in diseased organs in response to eutypiosis whereas they increased in healthy appearing organs. This group of PAs seems to play an important role in the response to Eutypa lata attacks to prevent the expression of symptoms. Accumulation of the conjugated tyramine in diseased and healthy appearing organs as a response to eutypiosis might be used as marker of Eutypa lata infection

Verbal De-escalation of the Agitated Patient: Consensus Statement of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry Project BETA De-escalation Workgroup

Agitation is an acute behavioral emergency requiring immediate intervention. Traditional methods of treating agitated patients, ie, routine restraints and involuntary medication, have been replaced with a much greater emphasis on a noncoercive approach. Experienced practitioners have found that if such interventions are undertaken with genuine commitment, successful outcomes can occur far more often than previously thought possible. In the new paradigm, a 3-step approach is used. First, the patient is verbally engaged; then a collaborative relationship is established; and, finally, the patient is verbally de-escalated out of the agitated state. Verbal de-escalation is usually the key to engaging the patient and helping him become an active partner in his evaluation and treatment; although, we also recognize that in some cases nonverbal approaches, such as voluntary medication and environment planning, are also important. When working with an agitated patient, there are 4 main objectives: (1) ensure the safety of the patient, staff, and others in the area; (2) help the patient manage his emotions and distress and maintain or regain control of his behavior; (3) avoid the use of restraint when at all possible; and (4) avoid coercive interventions that escalate agitation. The authors detail the proper foundations for appropriate training for de-escalation and provide intervention guidelines, using the “10 domains of de-escalation.

MARS therapy, the bridging to liver retransplantation-Three cases from the Hungarian liver transplant program

Besides orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) there is no long-term and effective replacement therapy for severe liver failure. Artificial extracorporeal liver supply devices are able to reduce blood toxin levels, but do not replace any synthetic function of the liver. Molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) is one of the methods that can be used to treat fulminant acute liver failure (ALF) or acute on chronic liver failure (AoCLF). The primary non-function (PNF) of the newly transplanted liver manifests in the clinical settings exactly like acute liver failure. MARS treatment can reduce the severity of complications by eliminating blood toxins, so that it can help hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), and the high rate mortality of cerebral herniation. This might serve as a bridging therapy before orthotopic liver retransplantation (reOLT). Three patients after a first liver transplantation became candidate for urgent MARS treatment as a bridging solution prior to reOLT in our center. Authors report these three cases, focusing on indications, MARS sessions, clinical courses, and final outcomes. © 2013 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest

Serum adiponectin is positively associated with lung function in young adults, independent of obesity: The CARDIA study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Rationale</p> <p>Adipose tissue produces adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory protein. Adiponectin deficiency in mice is associated with abnormal post-natal alveolar development.</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>We hypothesized that lower serum adiponectin concentrations are associated with lower lung function in humans, independent of obesity. We explored mediation of this association by insulin resistance and systemic inflammation.</p> <p>Methods and Measurements</p> <p>Spirometry testing was conducted at years 10 and 20 follow-up evaluation visits in 2,056 eligible young adult participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Body mass index, serum adiponectin, serum C-reactive protein (a marker of systemic inflammation), and insulin resistance were assessed at year 15.</p> <p>Main Results</p> <p>After controlling for body mass index, years 10 and 20 forced vital capacity (FVC) were 81 ml and 82 ml lower respectively (p = 0.004 and 0.01 respectively) in the lowest <it>vs</it>. highest adiponectin quartiles. Similarly, years 10 and 20 forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) were 50 ml and 38 ml lower (p = 0.01 and 0.09, respectively) in the lowest <it>vs</it>. highest adiponectin quartiles. These associations were no longer significant after adjustment for insulin resistance and C-reactive protein. Serum adiponectin was not associated with FEV₁/FVC or peak FEV₁.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Independent of obesity, lower serum adiponectin concentrations are associated with lower lung function. The attenuation of this association after adjustment for insulin resistance and systemic inflammation suggests that these covariates are on a causal pathway linking adiponectin and lung function.</p

Identifying areas at risk of drought-induced tree mortality across South-Eastern Australia

South-East Australia has recently been subjected to two of the worst droughts in the historical record (Millennium Drought, 2000–2009 and Big Dry, 2017–2019). Unfortunately, a lack of forest monitoring has made it difficult to determine whether widespread tree mortality has resulted from these droughts. Anecdotal observations suggest the Big Dry may have led to more significant tree mortality than the Millennium drought. Critically, to be able to robustly project future expected climate change effects on Australian vegetation, we need to be able to assess the vulnerability to drought of Australian trees. Here, we implemented a model of plant hydraulics into the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) land surface model. We parameterised the drought response behaviour of five broad vegetation types, based on a common garden dry-down experiment with species originating across a rainfall gradient (188–1125 mm yr1 ) across South-East Australia. The new hydraulics model significantly improved (~35–45 % reduction in root mean square error) CABLE’s previous predictions of latent heat fluxes during periods of water stress at two eddy covariance sites in Australia. Landscape-scale predictions of the greatest percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC), 40–60 %, were broadly consistent with satellite estimates of regions of the greatest change in both droughts. In neither drought did CABLE predict that trees would have reached critical PLC in widespread areas (i.e. it projected a low mortality risk), although the model highlighted critical levels near the desert regions of South-East Australia where few trees live. Overall, our experimentally constrained model results imply significant resilience to drought conferred by hydraulic function, but also highlight critical data and scientific gaps. Our approach presents a promising avenue to integrate experimental data and make regional-scale predictions of potential drought-induced hydraulic failure

DNA copy number changes in young gastric cancer patients with special reference to chromosome 19

Only a few cytogenetic and genetic studies have been performed in gastric cancer patients in young age groups. In the present study we used the comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) method to characterise frequent DNA copy number changes in 22 gastric cancer patients of 45 years or younger and three gastric cancer cell lines established from patients younger than 45 years. Analysis of DNA copy number changes revealed frequent DNA copy number increases at chromosomes 17q (52%), 19q (68%) and 20q (64%). To confirm the CGH results and to characterise the amplicon region on the most frequently amplified chromosome, chromosome 19, we carried out fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis and Southern blot analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation with the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone mapped to 19q12 indicated a copy number increase in all eight tumour specimens studied. Southern blot analysis of six tumour specimens and three tumour cell lines, with five probes mapped to the 19q12-13.2 region, suggested cyclin E to be one of the candidate target genes in the 19q region for gastric cancer tumorigenesis. Cyclin E protein overexpression was verified in tumours with amplification on chromosome 19. Further studies are required to investigate the biological and clinical significance of 19q amplicon and cyclin E upregulation in gastric cancer of young patient