Methodik zur kompetenzorientierten Gestaltung und Implementierung von virtuellen Lehr-Lern-Konzepten für Lernfabriken

Lernfabriken haben sich in den vergangenen Jahren zum etablierten Werkzeug zur Vermittlung produktionsrelevanter Kompetenzen entwickelt. Dabei erhalten Teilnehmer:innen die Möglichkeit, vermitteltes Wissen über Konzepte und Methoden direkt in einer realitätsnahen Umgebung zu erproben. Obwohl das Konzept der Lernfabrik im Vergleich zu klassischen Lernarrangements diverse Potentiale (z. B. Realitätsnähe, praxisnahe Lernumgebung) bietet, ist es doch mit Limitationen (z. B. Abbildungsfähigkeit, Wandlungsfähigkeit, Mobilität) verbunden. Neue Technologien wie Virtual Reality können hierbei Abhilfe schaffen. Es wird gezeigt, dass bisherige Gestaltungsansätze den Einsatz von Virtual Reality in Lernfabriken nicht fokussieren. Bestehende Gestaltungsansätze beschäftigen sich allenfalls am Rande mit derartigen Virtualisierungsaspekten. Eine gezielte Betrachtung der Technologie Virtual Reality findet somit nicht statt. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit hat zum Ziel, eine wissenschaftlich fundierte, erprobte und im praktischen Kontext anwendbare Methodik zur kompetenzorientierten Gestaltung und Implementierung von virtuellen Lehr-Lern-Konzepten für Lernfabriken zu entwickeln. Dazu werden bestehende Ansätze zur kompetenzorientierten Gestaltung von physischen Lernfabriken durch Betrachtungen im Hinblick auf die Eigenheiten der Technologie Virtual Reality weiterentwickelt. Die in der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit entwickelte Methodik teilt sich in insgesamt drei Methodikbausteine auf. Sie wird durch zwei flankierende Methodikbausteine zur Softwareentwicklung und Auswahl der allgemeinen Entwicklungsmethode ergänzt. In Methodikbaustein I werden die Rahmenbedingungen für das Lehr-Lern-Konzept analysiert. Ausgehend vom organisationalen Umfeld, der Zielgruppe sowie den intendierten Kompetenzen werden die potenziellen Handlungsfelder für den Einsatz von Virtual Reality definiert. Hierbei werden Herausforderungen identifiziert und Zielsetzungen für den individuellen Anwendungsfall definiert. Abschließend werden technische, organisationale und didaktische Anforderungen abgeleitet, kategorisiert und priorisiert. In Methodikbaustein II wird zunächst ein geeignetes Virtual-Reality-System ausgewählt. Die anschließende Gestaltung des virtuellen Lehr-Lern-Szenarios erfolgte durch die kompetenzorientierte Ableitung geeigneter Szenarioalternativen und dazugehöriger -elemente. Für diese erfolgt im Anschluss eine Detailgestaltung, welche für jedes Szenarioelement geeignete Gestaltungselemente vorsieht und diese zu zielgruppenorientierten Gestaltungselementpaketen zusammenfasst. Methodikbaustein III beschreibt abschließend die Integration des entwickelten Lehr-Lern-Konzept. Hierzu finden neben Erprobungen im Hinblick auf die Nutzbarkeit und Eignung zur Kompetenzentwicklung auch die notwendigen Maßnahmen zur Implementierung statt. Die am Schluss durchgeführte Betrachtung zur Weiterentwicklung stellt die nachhaltige Integration sicher. Die in dieser Forschungsarbeit entwickelte Methodik wurde in einem Anwendungsfall angewendet und durch Expert:innen bewertet. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde ein Vergleichsexperiment durchgeführt, bei dem ein virtuelles Lehr-Lern-Konzept als Ergebnis dieser Methodik mit einem bestehenden physischen Lehr-Lern-Konzept verglichen wurde. Die durchgeführte Kompetenzmessung konnte die Nutzbarkeit und Eignung zur Kompetenzentwicklung bestätigen. Die ergänzend durchgeführte Expert:innenbefragung konnte zudem die Erfüllung der an die Methodik gestellten Anforderungen nachweisen. Abschließend lässt sich feststellen, dass im Rahmen dieser Forschungsarbeit eine Methodik entwickelt wurde, welche die Gestaltung virtueller Lehr-Lern-Konzept für Lernfabriken ermöglicht. Dabei konnte auf bestehende Ansätze aufgebaut und diese im Hinblick auf den Virtual-Reality-Einsatz konsequent weiterentwickelt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur Lernfabrik-Forschung und gibt Lernfabrikentwickler:innen ein systematisches Vorgehen für die Gestaltung innovativer virtueller Lehr-Lern-Konzept an die Hand

Modelling and analyzing dredging and disposal activities using Telemac, Sisyphe and DredgeSim

Water Qualit

Unique Identification of Graviton Exchange Effects in e^+ e^- Collisions

Many types of new physics can lead to contact interaction-like modifications in e^+ e^- processes below direct production threshold. We examine the possibility of uniquely identifying the effects of graviton exchange, which are anticipated in many extra dimensional theories, from amongst this large set of models by using the moments of the angular distribution of the final state particles. In the case of the e^+ e^- --> f bar{f} process we demonstrate that this technique allows for the unique identification of the graviton exchange signature at the 5 sigma level for mass scales as high as 6 sqrt(s). The extension of this method to the e^+ e^- --> W^+ W^- process is also discussed.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figs, LaTe

Transverse Polarization Signatures of Extra Dimensions at Linear Colliders

If significant longitudinal polarization of both the electrons and positrons becomes feasible at a future linear collider(LC), it may be possible to use spin rotators to produce transversely polarized beams. Using the transverse polarization of both beams, new azimuthal spin asymmetries can be formed which will be sensitive probes for new physics beyond the Standard Model. Here we demonstrate that these asymmetries are particularly sensitive to the exchange of Kaluza-Klein towers of gravitons, or other spin-2 fields, that are predicted to exist in higher dimensional theories which address the hierarchy problem. These new asymmetries are shown to be able to extend the search reach for such new physics by more than a factor of two, provide an additional tool for isolating the signatures for spin-2 exchange up to mass scales in excess of $10\sqrt s$, and can be used to help differentiate among the proposed solutions to the hierarchy problem below the production threshold for new particles.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figs. LaTe

Approach for Conceptualization and Implementation of Virtual Reality in Learning Factories

Learning factories are already in their physical design a complex and expensive tool for vocational training. However, despite the high-quality learning factory concepts available today, the complexity of the industrial production environment makes the transfer of intended competencies into the operational application situation a challenging task. With Virtual Reality (VR), this challenge can be met by adapting the learning environment and personalizing the learning scenario to the respective participants. Though, the adaption of the learning environment to the expected participants brings new challenges. In addition to the necessity of a clear definition of target groups and intended competencies, which is also present in the physical concept, there are further challenges for VR, e.g. the selection of design elements in the virtual environment or the best possible integration of virtual learning scenarios in hybrid learning modules. That can be met with a reasonable conception and implementation process: in the research project PortaL, a multi-stage procedure with nine sections in three phases was developed that assists the structured conceptualization and implementation of virtual learning scenarios and offers a better experience for the participants. The presented approach guides its users through the definition of objectives and requirements as well as the actual concept and evaluation phases. These aspects are covered among others and are presented in this publication

Diet-induced pre-diabetes slows cardiac conductance and promotes arrhythmogenesis

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is associated with abnormal electrical conduction and sudden cardiac death, but the pathogenic mechanism remains unknown. This study describes electrophysiological alterations in a diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model and examines the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Sprague–Dawley rats were fed either high-fat diet and fructose water or normal chow and water for 6 weeks. The electrophysiological properties of the whole heart was analyzed by in vivo surface ECG recordings, as wells as ex vivo in Langendorff perfused hearts during baseline, ischemia and re-perfussion. Conduction velocity was examined in isolated tissue strips. Ion channel and gap junction conductances were analyzed by patch-clamp studies in isolated cardiomyocytes. Fibrosis was examined by Masson’s Trichrome staining and thin-layer chromatography was used to analyze cardiac lipid content. Connexin43 (Cx43) expression and distribution was examined by western blotting and immunofluorescence respectively. RESULTS: Following 6 weeks of feeding, fructose-fat fed rats (FFFRs) showed QRS prolongation compared to controls (16.1 ± 0.51 (n = 6) vs. 14.7 ± 0.32 ms (n = 4), p < 0.05). Conduction velocity was slowed in FFFRs vs. controls (0.62 ± 0.02 (n = 13) vs. 0.79 ± 0.06 m/s (n = 11), p < 0.05) and Langendorff perfused FFFR hearts were more prone to ventricular fibrillation during reperfusion following ischemia (p < 0.05). The patch-clamp studies revealed no changes in Na(+) or K(+) currents, cell capacitance or gap junctional coupling. Cx43 expression was also unaltered in FFFRs, but immunofluorescence demonstrated an increased fraction of Cx43 localized at the intercalated discs in FFFRs compared to controls (78 ± 3.3 (n = 5) vs. 60 ± 4.2 % (n = 6), p < 0.01). No fibrosis was detected but FFFRs showed a significant increase in cardiac triglyceride content (1.93 ± 0.19 (n = 12) vs. 0.77 ± 0.13 nmol/mg (n = 12), p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Six weeks on a high fructose-fat diet cause electrophysiological changes, which leads to QRS prolongation, decreased conduction velocity and increased arrhythmogenesis during reperfusion. These alterations are not explained by altered gap junctional coupling, Na(+), or K(+) currents, differences in cell size or fibrosis

Transplantation of Neural Precursor Cells Attenuates Chronic Immune Environment in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

Inflammation after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is non-resolving and thus still present in chronic injury stages. It plays a key role in the pathophysiology of SCI and has been associated with further neurodegeneration and development of neuropathic pain. Neural precursor cells (NPCs) have been shown to reduce the acute and sub-acute inflammatory response after SCI. In the present study, we examined effects of NPC transplantation on the immune environment in chronic stages of SCI. SCI was induced in rats by clip-compression of the cervical spinal cord at the level C6-C7. NPCs were transplanted 10 days post-injury. The functional outcome was assessed weekly for 8 weeks using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale, the CatWalk system, and the grid walk test. Afterwards, the rats were sacrificed, and spinal cord sections were examined for M1/M2 macrophages, T lymphocytes, astrogliosis, and apoptosis using immunofluorescence staining. Rats treated with NPCs had compared to the control group significantly fewer pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and reduced immunodensity for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), their marker enzyme. Anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages were rarely present 8 weeks after the SCI. In this model, the sub-acute transplantation of NPCs did not support survival and proliferation of M2 macrophages. Post-traumatic apoptosis, however, was significantly reduced in the NPC group, which might be explained by the altered microenvironment following NPC transplantation. Corresponding to these findings, reactive astrogliosis was significantly reduced in NPC-transplanted animals. Furthermore, we could observe a trend toward smaller cavity sizes and functional improvement following NPC transplantation. Our data suggest that transplantation of NPCs following SCI might attenuate inflammation even in chronic injury stages. This might prevent further neurodegeneration and could also set a stage for improved neuroregeneration after SCI

Sleep medicine catalogue of knowledge and skills – Revision

The 'catalogue of knowledge and skills' for sleep medicine presents the blueprint for a curriculum, a textbook, and an examination on sleep medicine. The first catalogue of knowledge and skills was presented by the European Sleep Research Society in 2014. It was developed following a formal Delphi procedure. A revised version was needed in order to incorporate changes that have occurred in the meantime in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, updates in the manual for scoring sleep and associated events, and, most important, new knowledge in sleep physiology and pathophysiology. In addition, another major change can be observed in sleep medicine: a paradigm shift in sleep medicine has taken place. Sleep medicine is no longer a small interdisciplinary field in medicine. Sleep medicine has increased in terms of recognition and importance in medical care. Consequently, major medical fields (e.g. pneumology, cardiology, neurology, psychiatry, otorhinolaryngology, paediatrics) recognise that sleep disorders become a necessity for education and for diagnostic assessment in their discipline. This paradigm change is considered in the catalogue of knowledge and skills revision by the addition of new chapters

Sleep medicine catalogue of knowledge and skills - Revision

The 'catalogue of knowledge and skills' for sleep medicine presents the blueprint for a curriculum, a textbook, and an examination on sleep medicine. The first catalogue of knowledge and skills was presented by the European Sleep Research Society in 2014. It was developed following a formal Delphi procedure. A revised version was needed in order to incorporate changes that have occurred in the meantime in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, updates in the manual for scoring sleep and associated events, and, most important, new knowledge in sleep physiology and pathophysiology. In addition, another major change can be observed in sleep medicine: a paradigm shift in sleep medicine has taken place. Sleep medicine is no longer a small interdisciplinary field in medicine. Sleep medicine has increased in terms of recognition and importance in medical care. Consequently, major medical fields (e.g. pneumology, cardiology, neurology, psychiatry, otorhinolaryngology, paediatrics) recognise that sleep disorders become a necessity for education and for diagnostic assessment in their discipline. This paradigm change is considered in the catalogue of knowledge and skills revision by the addition of new chapters.Peer reviewe

Foam Rolling and Muscle and Joint Proprioception After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage.

CONTEXT:Foam rolling (FR) is considered an effective postexercise modality for reducing delayed-onset muscle soreness and enhancing recovery of muscle function. However, the effects of FR on muscle and joint proprioception have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects of FR on muscle and joint proprioception after an intense exercise protocol. DESIGN:Controlled laboratory study. SETTING:University-based laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS:A total of 80 healthy, physically active male students were randomly assigned to either the FR (n = 40; age = 22.8 ± 3.3 years, height = 176.4 ± 5.3 cm, mass = 74.2 ± 6.4 kg) or passive-recovery (PR; n = 40; age = 23.0 ± 3.2 years, height = 178.1 ± 5.5 cm, mass = 74.6 ± 6.2 kg) group. INTERVENTION(S):Participants in both groups performed 4 sets of 25 repetitions of voluntary maximal eccentric contractions at 60°/s from 20° to 100° of knee flexion to induce exercise-induced muscle damage. The exercise was followed by either PR or 2 minutes of FR immediately (1 hour) and 24, 48, and 72 hours postexercise. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):Muscle soreness, pressure-pain threshold, quadriceps-muscle strength, joint position sense, isometric force sense, and threshold to detect passive movement at baseline and immediately, 24, 48, and 72 hours postexercise after FR. RESULTS:Foam rolling resulted in decreased muscle pain, increased pressure-pain threshold, improved joint position sense, attenuated force loss, and reduced threshold to detect passive movement compared with PR at 24 and 48 hours postexercise. CONCLUSIONS:Foam rolling postexercise diminished delayed-onset muscle soreness and improved recovery of muscle strength and joint proprioception. These results suggested that FR enhanced recovery from exercise-induced damage