Discovery of widespread transcription initiation at microsatellites predictable by sequence-based deep neural network

Using the Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) technology, the FANTOM5 consortium provided one of the most comprehensive maps of transcription start sites (TSSs) in several species. Strikingly, ~72% of them could not be assigned to a specific gene and initiate at unconventional regions, outside promoters or enhancers. Here, we probe these unassigned TSSs and show that, in all species studied, a significant fraction of CAGE peaks initiate at microsatellites, also called short tandem repeats (STRs). To confirm this transcription, we develop Cap Trap RNA-seq, a technology which combines cap trapping and long read MinION sequencing. We train sequence-based deep learning models able to predict CAGE signal at STRs with high accuracy. These models unveil the importance of STR surrounding sequences not only to distinguish STR classes, but also to predict the level of transcription initiation. Importantly, genetic variants linked to human diseases are preferentially found at STRs with high transcription initiation level, supporting the biological and clinical relevance of transcription initiation at STRs. Together, our results extend the repertoire of non-coding transcription associated with DNA tandem repeats and complexify STR polymorphism

High temperature low cycle fatigue in flue gas atmosphere

High temperature low cycle fatigue tests were performed at 920 C in air and flue gas on Incoloy 800 H. It was observed that fatigue life was influenced differently depending on the environment. In flue gas a strong internal corrosion in form of nitridation and sulfidation was found at the crack tip. The mechanisms leading to the internal corrosion were explained and their effect on fatigue life was discussed. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: D.Dt.F.QN1(3,48) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Abscheidung neuer Hartstoffschichtsysteme durch Zersetzung metallorganischer Verbindungen

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F94B1999+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Low cycle fatigue bei erhoehter Temperatur unter Betriebsbedingungen

High temperature low cycle fatigue experiments were carried out on Incoloy 800 H and AC 66 (14877) in air and in a steam coal gasification atmosphere. The results of the investigations are presented comparatively. Evaluation shows that the life results of AC 66 are at least comparable with those of the Incoloy 800 H. However, the materials have a different creep resistance and resistance to corrosion in the case of overlaid LCF stress. If one separates the three defect mechanisms at high temperature, one receives the following results: 1. Incoloy 800 H has a good stability against creep fatigue, but a low resistance to corrosion. 2. AC 66 on the other hand is very resistant against high temperature corrosion; its creep fatigue characteristics hardly differ from those of the Incoloy 800 h. In addition comparative experiments were carried out on Incoloy 800 H in air and flue gas. The experiments in flue gas showed a considerably lower life than in air. The damage effect in flue gas is apparently related to nitride formation. (orig./MM)Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchungen sind Hochtemperatur Low Cycle Fatigue Versuche an Incoloy 800 H und AC 66 in Luft und Wasserdampf-Kohlevergasungsatmosphaere durchgefuehrt worden. Dabei sind die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen fuer beide Werkstoffe vergleichend dargestellt worden. Die Auswertung zeigt, dass die Lebensdauerergebnisse des AC 66 zumindest vergleichbar mit denen des Incoloy 800 H sind. Allerdings haben beide Werkstoffe eine unterschiedliche Kriech- und Korrosionsbestaendigkeit bei ueberlagerter LCF-Beanspruchung. Separiert man die drei bei Hochtemperatur auftretenden Schaedigungsmechanismen, so ist ersichtlich, dass a) der Incoloy 800 H eine gute Bestaendigkeit gegen Kriech-Ermuedung, aber Schwaechen in der Korrosionsbestaendigkeit aufweist, b) der AC 66 dagegen sehr bestaendig gegen Hochtemperaturkorrosion ist und die Kriech-Ermuedungseigenschaften sich nur wenig von denen des Incoloy 800 H unterscheiden. Daneben sind vergleichende Versuche an Incoloy 800 H in Luft und Rauchgas durchgefuehrt worden. Die Versuche in Rauchgas fuehrten zu erheblich niedrigerer Lebensdauer als in Luft. Die Schaedigung in Rauchgas steht offenbar mit der Nitridbildung in Zusammenhang. (orig./MM)Available from TIB Hannover: D.Dt.F.QN1(3,47) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Low cycle fatigue bei erhoehter Temperatur unter Betriebsbedingungen

High temperature low cycle fatigue experiments were carried out on Incoloy 800 H and AC 66 (14877) in air and in a steam coal gasification atmosphere. The results of the investigations are presented comparatively. Evaluation shows that the life results of AC 66 are at least comparable with those of the Incoloy 800 H. However, the materials have a different creep resistance and resistance to corrosion in the case of overlaid LCF stress. If one separates the three defect mechanisms at high temperature, one receives the following results: 1. Incoloy 800 H has a good stability against creep fatigue, but a low resistance to corrosion. 2. AC 66 on the other hand is very resistant against high temperature corrosion; its creep fatigue characteristics hardly differ from those of the Incoloy 800 h. In addition comparative experiments were carried out on Incoloy 800 H in air and flue gas. The experiments in flue gas showed a considerably lower life than in air. The damage effect in flue gas is apparently related to nitride formation. (orig./MM)Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchungen sind Hochtemperatur Low Cycle Fatigue Versuche an Incoloy 800 H und AC 66 in Luft und Wasserdampf-Kohlevergasungsatmosphaere durchgefuehrt worden. Dabei sind die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen fuer beide Werkstoffe vergleichend dargestellt worden. Die Auswertung zeigt, dass die Lebensdauerergebnisse des AC 66 zumindest vergleichbar mit denen des Incoloy 800 H sind. Allerdings haben beide Werkstoffe eine unterschiedliche Kriech- und Korrosionsbestaendigkeit bei ueberlagerter LCF-Beanspruchung. Separiert man die drei bei Hochtemperatur auftretenden Schaedigungsmechanismen, so ist ersichtlich, dass a) der Incoloy 800 H eine gute Bestaendigkeit gegen Kriech-Ermuedung, aber Schwaechen in der Korrosionsbestaendigkeit aufweist, b) der AC 66 dagegen sehr bestaendig gegen Hochtemperaturkorrosion ist und die Kriech-Ermuedungseigenschaften sich nur wenig von denen des Incoloy 800 H unterscheiden. Daneben sind vergleichende Versuche an Incoloy 800 H in Luft und Rauchgas durchgefuehrt worden. Die Versuche in Rauchgas fuehrten zu erheblich niedrigerer Lebensdauer als in Luft. Die Schaedigung in Rauchgas steht offenbar mit der Nitridbildung in Zusammenhang. (orig./MM)Available from TIB Hannover: D.Dt.F.QN1(3,47) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

PACVD-Beschichtung von Druckgusswerkzeugen unter oekonomischen und oekologischen Gesichtspunkten

Aluminium pressure diecasting is a frequently applied manufacturing process for the near netshape production of precision parts. State of the art production techniques still demand considerable amounts of die lubricants. But the side effects of these lubricants include a decrease in surface quality of the cast part as well as a prolongation of the casting cycle time. The job quality decreases and the waste and exhaust disposal during production and application of lubricants is ecologically risky. In this study different wear resistant coating systems have been developed in order to minimize the use of the lubricants in the casting process while at the same time increasing the service life of the diecasting tools. Nitrides, carbides and borides of titanium were synthesized by means of DC-pulsed-PACVD. The influence of the process parameters gas composition, pressure, voltage and pulse/pulse repetition ratio was investigated. Compositional analysis was performed by analytical methods such as XRD, EDS, WDS and SIMS. Hardness, adhesion and friction behaviour of the layers were determined in order to describe their mechanical properties. The wetting angle was determined and the corrosion resistance was evaluated in dip tests in aluminium melt. A selection of the best coatings was then compared in diecasting praxis tests under tightened-up conditions reducing the amount of lubricants. TiN, Ti(B, N), TiC and multilayers of the system Ti-C-N were deposited exhibiting a wide range of stoichiometry. The coatings reached hardness values of up to 4400 HK0.005 and the friction coefficient #mu# was in the range of 0.3. In the diecasting praxis test the amount of die lubricant could be reduced by 97%. Under most severe conditions all layer types led to a minimum increase in the lifetime of the tool of factor 60 compared to an untreated dummy. A strong dependence on the layer type and on its stoichiometry could be observed. Ti(B, N) as the most successful coating in this study has not yet shown any sign of failure and already achieved an increase in lifetime of 300 times. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: DtF QN1(60,4) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Plasma- und ionenstrahlunterstuetzte Verfahren fuer die Oberflaechen- und Duennschichttechnologie Studie zur Analyse und Bewertung des derzeitigen technischen Standes und Strukturierung eines zugehoerigen Forschungsprogrammes

With 163 refs., 6 tabs., 8 figs.SIGLETIB: FR 2709 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Plasma-CVD-Beschichtung metallischer Werkstoffe (Anlagenentwicklung) Schlussbericht

With 22 refs., 44 figs.Available from TIB Hannover: FR 4779 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman