Quartet excitations and cluster spectra in light nuclei

The relation of quarteting and clustering in atomic nuclei is discussed based on symmetry-considerations. This connection enables us to predict a complete high-energy cluster spectrum from the description of the low-energy quartet part. As an example the $^{28}$Si nucleus is considered, including its well-established ground-state region, the recently proposed superdeformed band, and the high-lying molecular resonances

Concepts of Work: from Traditional Social-Labor Ideas to Modern Effects of Digital Transformation

Objective: technology and digitalization play a converse role in these two fields of study of criminal sciences. On the one hand, they are used by agencies of criminal justice system in order to control, manage and prevent crime and criminals. On the other hand, criminals enjoy technology in carrying out their plans to commit crime. Thus, from the criminal sciences’ perspective, technology may be used or misused, and this is an interesting topic, and at the same time, an important research area for criminologists.Methods: the present article seeks to provide a descriptive-analytical discussion about digitalization of criminology and criminal justice in the light of modern technologies, internet and cyberspace. It introduces new areas and sub-disciplines including administrative criminology based upon actuarial justice and risk management/assessment theory, cyber criminology and cyber victimology, as two sub-disciplines of the new century, and algorithmic or computational criminology, as one of the latest area in criminal sciences, which all are influenced by digitalization and technology.Results: authors concluded that due to the digitalization atypical work emerges but legislator defines the scope of work regulated by law and that makes atypical work relationship becomes a typical work relationship. At the same time some areas fall into the gray zone. To fix that legislator should provide an interpretation that will not become empty in a year or two due to technological changes.Scientific novelty: the applicability of technology and digitalization in criminology and criminal justice has widely increased and developed, specifically since the beginning of the third millennium.Practical significance: digitalization and Technology has become increasingly important to criminology and criminal justice at both the theory and practice within the sphere of social and criminal sciences. The nature and types of crime and criminals, and also the methods and mechanisms of control and preventing them in the light of requirements of criminal policy and criminal justice are highly dependent upon technology and digitalization

Applicability of 3D laser scanning in precision horticulture

Due to the technological development, remote sensing instruments and methods have become widespread in all segments of life (from precision agriculture through architecture to medicine). Among the innovative development of remote sensing instruments the 3D laser scanner is of outstanding importance. Horticultural applicability of terrestrial laser scanning technique is a new innovation in the precision agriculture. The structure of trees and branches, the canopy extension, the fruit yield, which can help to recognize some biophysical parameters, can be determined. The examination was carried out with Leica ScanStation C10 terrestrial laser scanner in the Study and Regional Research Farm of the University of Debrecen near Pallag. In this article the measuring principle, the parameters and horticulture applicability of the terrestrial laser scanner are presented

α Clustering in Si 28 probed through the identification of high-lying 0+ states

Background: Aspects of the nuclear structure of light α-conjugate nuclei have long been associated with nuclear clustering based on α particles and heavier α-conjugate systems such as C12 and O16. Such structures are associated with strong deformation corresponding to superdeformed or even hyperdeformed bands. Superdeformed bands have been identified in Ca40 and neighboring nuclei and find good description within shell model, mean-field, and α-cluster models. The utility of the α-cluster description may be probed further by extending such studies to more challenging cases comprising lighter α-conjugate nuclei such as Mg24, Si28, and S32. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to look for the number and energy of isoscalar 0+ states in Si28. These states are the potential bandheads for superdeformed bands in Si28 corresponding to the exotic structures of Si28. Of particular interest is locating the 0+ bandhead of the previously identified superdeformed band in Si28. Methods: α-particle inelastic scattering from a Sinat target at very forward angles including 0 has been performed at the iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences in South Africa. Scattered particles corresponding to the excitation energy region of 6 to 14 MeV were momentum-analysed in the K600 magnetic spectrometer and detected at the focal plane using two multiwire drift chambers and two plastic scintillators. Results: Several 0+ states have been identified above 9 MeV in Si28. A newly identified 9.71 MeV 0+ state is a strong candidate for the bandhead of the previously discussed superdeformed band. The multichannel dynamical symmetry of the semimicroscopic algebraic model predicts the spectrum of the excited 0+ states. The theoretical prediction is in good agreement with the experimental finding, supporting the assignment of the 9.71-MeV state as the bandhead of a superdeformed band. Conclusion: Excited isoscalar 0+ states in Si28 have been identified. The number of states observed in the present experiment shows good agreement with the prediction of the multichannel dynamical symmetry