Una mirada internacional : marcos de relación y financiación entre gobiernos y ONG de desarrollo

Colabora en la publicación la AECIDBibliografía: p. 60-6

Peptidoglycan editing in non-proliferating intracellular Salmonella as source of interference with immune signaling

This work was funded by grants PID2020-112971GB-I00/10.13039/501100011033 (F.G-dP.) and PID2019-104070RB-C21 (S.V.) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, VR2018-02823 of the Swedish Research Council (F.C.), KAW2012.0184 of the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (F.C.), and SMK2062 of the Kempe Foundation (F.C.

Peptidoglycan editing in non-proliferating intracellular Salmonella as source of interference with immune signaling

Salmonella enterica causes intracellular infections that can be limited to the intestine or spread to deeper tissues. In most cases, intracellular bacteria show moderate growth. How these bacteria face host defenses that recognize peptidoglycan, is poorly understood. Here, we report a high-resolution structural analysis of the minute amounts of peptidoglycan puri- fied from S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infecting fibroblasts, a cell type in which this pathogen undergoes moderate growth and persists for days intracellularly. The peptidoglycan of these non-proliferating bacteria contains atypical crosslinked muropep- tides with stem peptides trimmed at the L-alanine-D-glutamic acid-(γ) or D-glutamic acid-(γ)- meso-diaminopimelic acid motifs, both sensed by intracellular immune receptors. This pepti- doglycan has a reduced glycan chain average length and ~30% increase in the L,D-cross- link, a type of bridge shared by all the atypical crosslinked muropeptides identified. The L,D- transpeptidases LdtD (YcbB) and LdtE (YnhG) are responsible for the formation of these L, D-bridges in the peptidoglycan of intracellular bacteria. We also identified in a fraction of muropeptides an unprecedented modification in the peptidoglycan of intracellular S. Typhi- murium consisting of the amino alcohol alaninol replacing the terminal (fourth) D-alanine. Alaninol was still detectable in the peptidoglycan of a double mutant lacking LdtD and LdtE, thereby ruling out the contribution of these enzymes to this chemical modification. Remark- ably, all multiple mutants tested lacking candidate enzymes that either trim stem peptides or form the L,D-bridges retain the capacity to modify the terminal D-alanine to alaninol and all attenuate NF-κB nuclear translocation. These data inferred a potential role of alaninol-con- taining muropeptides in attenuating pro-inflammatory signaling, which was confirmed with a synthetic tetrapeptide bearing such amino alcohol. We suggest that the modification of D- alanine to alaninol in the peptidoglycan of non-proliferating intracellular S. Typhimurium is an editing process exploited by this pathogen to evade immune recognition inside host cells.This work was funded by grants PID2020-112971GB-I00/10.13039/501100011033 (F.G-dP.) and PID2019-104070RB-C21 (S.V.) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, VR2018-02823 of the Swedish Research Council (F.C.), KAW2012.0184 of the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (F.C.), and SMK2062 of the Kempe Foundation (F.C.). S.C. was recipient of an EMBO Short-Term Fellowship number 6426 for a stay in the lab of F.C. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscriptPeer reviewe

Geodivulgar: Geología y Sociedad

Con el lema “Geología para todos” el proyecto Geodivulgar: Geología y Sociedad apuesta por la divulgación de la Geología a todo tipo de público, incidiendo en la importancia de realizar simultáneamente una acción de integración social entre estudiantes y profesores de centros universitarios, de enseñanza infantil, primaria, de educación especial y un acercamiento con público con diversidad funcional

Geodivulgar: Geología y Sociedad 2018

Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasFALSEsubmitte

Mis casos clínicos de especialidades odontológicas

Libro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasLibro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Campeche Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

La inserción de las ONGD como actor internacional en el sistema de cooperación para el desarrollo: su interacción con la agenda de desarrollo: buenas prácticas

Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Facultad de Artes y Comunicación. Programa de Doctorado en ComunicaciónTesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid.En el contexto actual de globalización, la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo se configura y replantea por la implicación e influencia de actores de la cadena de la ayuda que tienen las características de “actor transnacional” y que están legitimados para participar en la configuración de la agenda del desarrollo. Esta investigación se orienta a analizar en el contexto de la globalización y la gobernanza del sistema de cooperación para el desarrollo, el papel de las ONGD como actor internacional – transnacional en la arquitectura que va más allá de la ayuda, que se refiere a la arquitectura del propio sistema. Para ello, se hace un recorrido desde las Relaciones Internacionales y la Sociología del Desarrollo donde se encuentran los elementos básicos que configuran el marco teórico de la investigación: la globalización, los actores internacionales, el desarrollo, la interacción de las organizaciones con su entorno. A continuación, se analiza cómo es el sistema de cooperación para el Desarrollo, qué elementos le han hecho evolucionar y qué arquitectura y cadenas de ayuda se han ido disponiendo, ha sido esencial para identificar los límites y oportunidades que tienen las ONGD para interactuar en el sistema. Posteriormente, se hace un recorrido analítico a la participación de las ONGD en el ciclo de gestión de la Agenda de Desarrollo a partir de la década de los 2000, en el marco del fomento de una alianza mundial para lograrlos. Por último, se presentan dos estudios de caso, en los que la doctoranda ha participado guiando la metodología para la acción, y para la exitosa inserción e interacción de las ONGD en el sistema de cooperación para el desarrollo.UE

A novel antisense RNA from the Salmonella virulence plasmid pSLT expressed by non-growing bacteria inside eukaryotic cells.

Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) are regulatory molecules playing relevant roles in response to environmental changes, stressful conditions and pathogenesis. The intracellular bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is known to regulate expression of some sRNAs during colonization of fibroblasts. Here, we characterize a previously unknown sRNA encoded in the S. Typhimurium pSLT virulence plasmid that is specifically up-regulated by non-growing dormant bacteria persisting inside fibroblasts. This sRNA was inferred in microarray expression analyses, which unraveled enhanced transcriptional activity in the PSLT047- PSLT046 (mig5) intergenic region. The sRNA transcript was further identified as a 597-nucleotide molecule, which we named IesR-1, for 'Intracellular-expressed-sRNA-1'. IesR-1 expression is low in bacteria growing in axenic cultures across a variety of experimental conditions but displays a marked increase (∼200-300 fold) following bacterial entry into fibroblasts. Remarkably, induction of IesR-1 expression is not prominent in bacteria proliferating within epithelial cells. IesR-1 deletion affects the control of bacterial growth in defined fibroblast cell lines and impairs virulence in a mouse infection model. Expression analyses performed in the PSLT047-iesR-1-PSLT046 (mig5) region support a cis-acting regulatory mechanism of IesR-1 as antisense RNA over the PSLT047 transcript involving interaction at their respective 3' ends and modulation of PSLT047 protein levels. This model is sustained by the scarce production of PSLT047 protein observed in non-growing intracellular bacteria and the high amount of PSLT047 protein produced by bacteria carrying a truncated IesR-1 version with separated 5' and 3' regions. Taken together, these data reveal that S. Typhimurium sRNAs encoded in the pSLT virulence plasmid respond to a state of persistence inside the host cell. As exemplified by IesR-1, some of these sRNAs may contribute to diminish the relative levels of proteins, such as PSLT047, which are probably dispensable for the intracellular lifestyle

A novel peptidoglycan D,L-endopeptidase induced by Salmonella inside eukaryotic cells contributes to virulence

Bacteria remodel peptidoglycan structure in response to environmental changes. Many enzymes are involved in peptidoglycan metabolism; however, little is known about their responsiveness in a defined environment or the modes they assist bacteria to adapt to new niches. Here, we focused in peptidoglycan enzymes that intracellular bacterial pathogens use inside eukaryotic cells. We identified a peptidoglycan enzyme induced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. This enzyme, which shows γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid D,L-endopeptidase activity, is also produced by the pathogen in media with limited nutrients and in resting conditions. The enzyme, termed EcgA for endopeptidase responding to cessation of growth', is encoded in a S. Typhimurium genomic island absent in Escherichia coli. EcgA production is strictly dependent on the virulence regulator PhoP in extra- and intracellular environments. Consistent to this regulation, a mutant lacking EcgA is attenuated in the mouse typhoid model. These findings suggest that specialised peptidoglycan enzymes, such as EcgA, might facilitate Salmonella adaptation to the intracellular lifestyle. Moreover, they indicate that readjustment of peptidoglycan metabolism inside the eukaryotic cell is essential for host colonisation. Many enzymes direct peptidoglycan metabolism but little it is known about their regulation.Fil: Rico-Pérez, Gadea. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Pezza, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Pucciarelli, M. Graciela. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: de Pedro, Miguel A.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Soncini, Fernando Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: García del Portillo, Francisco. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Españ