METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK TO ASSESS THE RELATIVE THREAT OF BIRD–STRIKES IN COLOMBIAN AIRPORTS.

The likely risk of a bird-aircraft collision (bird-strike) in a given airport was assessed using a standard methodological evaluation of birds along the runaway to record data and spatial distribution of danger; and making a threat categorization. Contiguous quadrants of 200 X 200 meters were located along the runaway from one head to the other with a center point count at 100 m, in which all birds were recorded for 15 minutes, accounting for species identification, number of individuals (flock size), flight altitude from ground to \u3e 1,000 m, flight direction including number of perpendicular crosses, and behavioral characteristics (flight, roosting, foraging, reproduction and vocalizations as indicative of permanence and territoriality). Environmental data (% cloud cover and weather -sunny, partially sunny, mist or rainy-) was also recorded. The relative threat and likelihood to generate a collision by any bird species was taken as the result of the sum of scores of four criteria (each with three possible values): 1. Range of weight, 2. Relative abundance, 3. Relative crosses and 4. Flock size. Species were categorized as highly dangerous (10 to 12 score points), potentially dangerous and of concern (7 to 9), or of least danger but precautions warranted (\u3c 6) for some species. Threat categorization and spatial distribution for each species allowed assessing areas of bird species concentrations, identification of sites more often crossed and if attracted by artificial or natural areas, as well as time of the day and climatic conditions that did so. Proposal of direct management options, tools and strategies for a bird avoidance program for specific airports is being developed by the Colombian Civil Aviation Agency -Aerocivil to ensure international air safety standards

EVALUATION OF BIRD-STRIKE RISK IN TWO COLOMBIAN AIRPORTS: A STANDARD METHODOLOGY TO RANK SPECIES AND PROPOSE MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES

We conducted avian evaluations at two Colombian airports to assess, through a standard methodology, the risk of bird strikes. Evaluations were conducted at “Aeropuerto Perales” (AP), Department of Tolima, 1030 m a.s.l. Tropical Dry Forest and, “Aeropuerto Palonegro” (APN), Department of Santander, 1188 m a.s.l. Humid Pre-mountain Forest. Forty-seven species of 12 different families, 3,998 individuals were encountered at AP through 1284 records. In contrast, 33 species of 16 families, 1,112 individuals in 396 records were found at APN. The Whispering ibis (Phimosus infuscatus) was the most abundant species with more than 50% of all individuals followed by the Black vulture (Coragyps atratus) with 18% at AP. The first species represented over 72% of all crosses along most of the runaway, the second 11% crossing in high numbers in some areas. Both species mean flock size was over 5 individuals. Threat categorization showed that this two species are the most highly dangerous for this airport. The Yellow-Hooded blackbird (Agelaius icterocephalus), is of high concern but median risk. Awareness for 12 other species is warranted even thou considered of low risk for Aviation procedures at AP. The Black vulture was the only species categorized as highly dangerous at APN, because of its weight and abundance (50% of all individuals) more than 70% cross the runaway and were found in flocks of over 4 mean individuals, but sometimes in huge flocks of over 40. Two other species, the Orange Chinned parakeet (Brotogeris jugularis) and the Eared dove (Zenaida auriculata), are of main concern and median risk. Five other species are of awareness but low risk following the threat categories at APN. Bird strike evaluation through a standard methodology allows comparing thru ranking priorities the risk, to propose specific and generalized management tools at airports localized in different life zones

Evaluation of two highly porous microcrystalline biphasic calcium phosphate-based bone grafts for bone regeneration: An experimental study in rabbits

A biphasic bone grafting biomaterial based on a mixture of calcium phosphates and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) phases with high nanoporosity was synthesized. The synthesis route was based on calcium phosphate composition and the incorporation of glycolic acid as a pore former, giving a material composed of 97% β-TCP and 3% calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4). An in vitro study of the purity, microstructure, crystalline domain, and pores size for the material obtained was performed by SEM analysis as well as full structural characterization. The region of interest related to the surface was determined by the specific surface area measured with the BET method. In vivo evaluation of bone response was performed by implanting the new low-cost biphasic manufacturing material synthesized in this work, which was compared with a biphasic material of similar chemical and microstructural composition existing in the commercial market and with higher cost called Synergy Odontit® β-TCP. The materials were implanted separately into 5 mm diameter defects in the tibias of New Zealand White rabbits at 30, 60, and 90 days. The results obtained showed that the host tissue well accepted the new biphasic material; the presence of new bone formation was observed. A more complete resorption was observed for the new microcrystalline biphasic material compared to for a commercial β-TCP material.Fil: Garcés-Villalá, Miguel Ángel. Fundación Corazón de Jesús. Academia de Cirugía Bucal Científica; ArgentinaFil: Rico, Sergio David. Fundación Corazón de Jesús. Academia de Cirugía Bucal Científica; ArgentinaFil: Nazar, Sergio Gustavo. Fundación Corazón de Jesús; Department of Implant and Biomaterial Research; San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Escudero-Pinel, Mariano. Fundación Corazón de Jesús; Department of Implant and Biomaterial Research; San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Galván Josa, Víctor Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; ArgentinaFil: Calvo-Guirado, José Luis. Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia; Españ

On the dynamics of valley times and its application to bulk-transfer scheduling

Periods of low load have been used for the scheduling of non-interactive tasks since the early stages of computing. Nowadays, the scheduling of bulk transfers—i.e., large-volume transfers without precise timing, such as database distribution, resources replication or backups—stands out among such tasks, given its direct effect on both the performance and billing of networks. Through visual inspection of traffic-demand curves of diverse points of presence (PoP), either a network, link, Internet service provider or Internet exchange point, it becomes apparent that low-use periods of bandwidth demands occur at early morning, showing a noticeable convex shape. Such observation led us to study and model the time when such demands reach their minimum, on what we have named valley time of a PoP, as an approximation to the ideal moment to carry out bulk transfers. After studying and modeling single-PoP scenarios both temporally and spatially seeking homogeneity in the phenomenon, as well as its extension to multi-PoP scenarios or paths—a meta-PoP constructed as the aggregation of several single PoPs—, we propose a final predictor system for the valley time. This tool works as an oracle for scheduling bulk transfers, with different versions according to time scales and the desired trade-off between precision and complexity. The evaluation of the system, named VTP, has proven its usefulness with errors below an hour on estimating the occurrence of valley times, as well as errors around 10% in terms of bandwidth between the prediction and actual valley trafficThis work has been partially supported by the European Commission under the project H2020 METRO-HAUL (Project ID: 761727

Recursos didácticos

Infografía didáctica para divulgación de resultados de investigación. Metodológicamente responde a la síntesis gráfica del proceso de revisión bibliográfica del tema. El producto gráfico está orientado por elementos conceptuales y metodológicos del diseño como lluvia de ideas, selección de alternativas, discusión grupal y propuesta final que sigue criterios de composición como jerarquía visual, proximidad o lecturabilidad. La Infografía explica el contenido e-learning para la formación profesional integral.Didactic infographic for the dissemination of research results. Methodologically, it responds to the graphic synthesis of the bibliographic review process on the subject. The graphic product is guided by conceptual and methodological elements of design such as brainstorming, selection of alternatives, group discussion and final proposal that follows compositional criteria such as visual hierarchy, proximity or readability. The Infographic explains the e-learning content for comprehensive professional training.na1 págin

Reducción didáctica

Metodológicamente responde a la síntesis gráfica del proceso de revisión bibliográfica del tema. El producto gráfico está orientado por elementos conceptuales y metodológicos del diseño como lluvia de ideas, selección de alternativas, discusión grupal y propuesta final que sigue criterios de composición como jerarquía visual, proximidad o lecturabilidad. La infografía presenta el enfoque, metodología y criterios de "Reducción didáctica" a partir de la revisión bibliográfica sobre el aprendizaje para adultos y los diferentes supuestos teóricos. Este enfoque permite definir principios aplicables al aprendizaje en entornos.Methodologically, it responds to the graphic synthesis of the bibliographic review process on the subject. The graphic product is guided by conceptual and methodological elements of design such as brainstorming, selection of alternatives, group discussion and final proposal that follows compositional criteria such as visual hierarchy, proximity or readability. The infographic presents the approach, methodology and criteria of "Didactic reduction" from the bibliographic review on adult learning and the different theoretical assumptions. This approach allows defining principles applicable to learning in environments.na1 págin

COVID-19, Pathophysiology and Prospects for Early Detection in Patients with Mild Symptoms of The Controversial Virus in Underdeveloped Countries

COVID 19 has spread uniformly across the planet without distinction of hemispheres, borders, or climates. However, underdeveloped countries lack sufficient means to effectively detect and cope with the pandemic. The catastrophic economic situation forces indefinite quarantines to avoid health collapse. The scarcity of massive detection tests has led health personnel, the general population and their rulers to ignorance of the true epidemiological magnitude of SARS-CoV-2. Method: A computerized bibliographic search was performed using the Google search engine of original and review articles indexed by Scopus and WOS, in the PubMed / Medline and Cochrane databases to identify all relevant manuscripts and preprints, notices from professional societies and comments from Experts published from the start of the current epidemic related to mild COVID 19 symptoms. Tools, massive methods for detecting the disease and their low availability in underdeveloped countries were analyzed. Inexpensive and easily accessible methods for testing for the disease were discussed. Result: According to the indexed publications on the incidence of hypoxemia as a symptom and parameter of the evolution of the disease, oxygen saturation of less than 93% was determined as the limit to consider the patient suspected of COVID 19. In addition, it was determined after the analysis of published studies show an average prevalence of anosmia-hyposmia as a mild symptom in 69% of patients infected with COVID 19. Conclusion: Suspected cases of COVID 19 infection could be detected by the presence of its prevalent signs and symptoms. More studies are needed to standardize and validate the postulated screening tests

Capabilities of Gossamer-1 derived small spacecraft solar sails carrying MASCOT-derived nanolanders for in-situ surveying of NEAs

Any effort which intends to physically interact with specific asteroids requires understanding at least of the composition and multi-scale structure of the surface layers, sometimes also of the interior. Therefore, it is necessary first to characterize each target object sufficiently by a precursor mission to design the mission which then interacts with the object. In small solar system body (SSSB) science missions, this trend towards landing and sample-return missions is most apparent. It also has led to much interest in MASCOT-like landing modules and instrument carriers. They integrate at the instrument level to their mothership and by their size are compatible even with small interplanetary missions. The DLR-ESTEC Gossamer Roadmap NEA Science Working Groups‘ studies identified Multiple NEA Rendezvous (MNR) as one of the space science missions only feasible with solar sail propulsion. Parallel studies of Solar Polar Orbiter (SPO) and Displaced L1 (DL1) space weather early warning missions studies outlined very lightweight sailcraft and the use of separable payload modules for operations close to Earth as well as the ability to access any inclination and a wide range of heliocentric distances. These and many other studies outline the unique capability of solar sails to provide access to all SSSB, at least within the orbit of Jupiter. Since the original MNR study, significant progress has been made to explore the performance envelope of near-term solar sails for multiple NEA rendezvous. However, although it is comparatively easy for solar sails to reach and rendezvous with objects in any inclination and in the complete range of semi-major axis and eccentricity relevant to NEOs and PHOs, it remains notoriously difficult for sailcraft to interact physically with a SSSB target object as e.g. the Hayabusa missions do. The German Aerospace Center, DLR, recently brought the Gossamer solar sail deployment technology to qualification status in the Gossamer-1 project. Development of closely related technologies is continued for very large deployable membrane-based photovoltaic arrays in the GoSolAr project. We expand the philosophy of the Gossamer solar sail concept of efficient multiple sub-spacecraft integration to also include landers for one-way in-situ investigations and sample-return missions. These are equally useful for planetary defence scenarios, SSSB science and NEO utilization. We outline the technological concept used to complete such missions and the synergetic integration and operation of sail and lander. We similarly extend the philosophy of MASCOT and use its characteristic features as well as the concept of Constraints-Driven Engineering for a wider range of operations

Small Spacecraft Based Multiple Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous and Landing with Near-Term Solar Sails and ‘Now-Term‘ Technologies

Physical interaction with small solar system bodies (SSSB) is the next step in planetary science, planetary in-situ resource utilization (ISRU), and planetary defense (PD). It requires a broader understanding of the surface properties of the target objects, with particular interest focused on those near Earth. Knowledge of composition, multi-scale surface structure, thermal response, and interior structure is required to design, validate and operate missions addressing these three fields. The current level of understanding is occasionally simplified into the phrase, ”If you’ve seen one asteroid, you’ve seen one asteroid”, meaning that the in-situ characterization of SSSBs has yet to cross the threshold towards a robust and stable scheme of classification. This would enable generic features in spacecraft design, particularly for ISRU and science missions. Currently, it is necessary to characterize any potential target object sufficiently by a dedicated pre-cursor mission to design the mission which then interacts with the object in a complex fashion. To open up strategic approaches, much broader in-depth characterization of potential target objects would be highly desirable. In SSSB science missions, MASCOT-like nano-landers and instrument carriers which integrate at the instrument level to their mothership have met interest. By its size, MASCOT is compatible with small interplanetary missions. The DLR-ESTEC Gossamer Roadmap Science Working Groups‘ studies identified Multiple Near-Earth asteroid (NEA) Rendezvous (MNR) as one of the space science missions only feasible with solar sail propulsion. The Solar Polar Orbiter (SPO) study showed the ability to access any inclination, theDisplaced-L1 (DL1) mission operates close to Earth, where objects of interest to PD and for ISRU reside. Other studies outline the unique capability of solar sails to provide access to all SSSB, at least within the orbit of Jupiter, and significant progress has been made to explore the performance envelope of near-term solar sails for MNR. However, it is difficult for sailcraft to interact physically with a SSSB. We expand and extend the philosophy of the recently qualified DLR Gossamer solar sail deployment technology using efficient multiple sub-spacecraft integration to also include landers for one-way in-situ investigations and sample-return missions by synergetic integration and operation of sail and lander. The MASCOT design concept and its characteristic features have created an ideal counterpart for thisand has already been adapted to the needs of the AIM spacecraft, former part of the NASA-ESA AIDA mission. Designing the combined spacecraft for piggy-back launch accommodation enables low-cost massively parallel access to the NEA population

Observatorio ENRUTA: Procesos de gentrificación, despojo urbano y elitización del espacio en la zona centro de Guadalajara

En el siguiente documento se rescató la experiencia, el aprendizaje y los hallazgos del Proyecto de Aplicación Profesional: Observatorio En Ruta, el cual se basó en una investigación urbana en el centro histórico de Guadalajara con el fin de observar el proceso de gentrificación que gracias a los proyectos urbanísticos de la zona ocurre. Con una metodología de investigación cualitativa se realizó trabajo de campo, análisis documental, seminarios especializados en temáticas urbanas/sociales, entrevistas y documentación audiovisual. El grupo conformado por arquitectos y psicólogas logró tener mayor alcance del Centro histórico de Guadalajara dividiéndolo en cuatro cuadrantes (Refugio, Mezquitan, Santuario y Mercado Corona-Centro) en los que en cada uno existe un proyecto grande que busca rehabilitar y modificar el centro.ITESO, A.C