Training future physical education teachers from experiential learning

[Resumen] Cuando el alumnado universitario está motivado y las necesidades psicológicas básicas (i.e. autonomía, relación con los demás y competencia) están satisfechas, consigue un rendimiento académico más eficaz. Este estudio pretendía conocer el impacto de un modelo de formación basado en el aprendizaje experiencial sobre la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas de futuros maestros de Educación Física. Para ello, se contó con una muestra de 39 estudiantes matriculados en la asignatura de Actividades Motrices y Recreativas en la Naturaleza de 4º de Grado en Maestro de Educación Primaria con mención en Educación Física en la Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, de los cuales 18 eran mujeres (46.2%) y 21 (53.8%) hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 21 y 28 años (M = 22.62; DE = 1.73). Comparando los resultados antes-después de cursar la asignatura, se encontraron mejoras significativas en la satisfacción de la relación con los demás (p=0.002) y autonomía (p=0.039). La competencia percibida también aumentó, pero no significativamente (p=0.069). Atendiendo al género, aunque tanto hombres como mujeres mejoraron, sólo se encontraron mejoras estadísticamente significativas en las mujeres en la satisfacción de la relación con los demás (p=0.006). A la vista de los resultados, en la educación superior, parece interesante orientar las estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje hacia el impulso de estudiantes reflexivos sobre su acción. Un modelo de formación de futuros maestros basado en vivencias educativas en el medio natural, favorece la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, particularmente y de forma significativa, autonomía y la relación con los demás[Abstract] When university students are motivated and their basic psychological needs: (i.e. autonomy, relationship with others and competence) are satisfied, achieve a more effective academic performance. This study aimed to know the impact of a training model based on experiential learning on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of future teachers of physical education. For it, we had a sample of 39 students enrolled in the subject of Motive and Recreational Activities in the Nature of 4th Grade in Primary Education Teacher with a mention in physical education in the Faculty of Teacher Training, of which 18 were women (46.2%) and 21 (53.8%) men, aged between 21 and 28 years (M = 22.62; SD = 1.73). Comparing the results before-after completing the subject, significant improvements were found in the satisfaction of the relationship with others (p = 0.002) and autonomy (p = 0.039). The perceived competition also increased, but not significantly (p = 0.069). Regarding gender, although both men and women improved, only statistically significant improvements were found in women in the satisfaction of the relationship with others (p = 0.006). In view of the results, in higher education, it seems interesting to guide teaching and learning strategies towards the impulse of reflective students about their action. A model of training future teachers based on educational experiences in the natural environment, favors the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, particularly and significantly, autonomy and the relationship with others

Influence of the experience of the project manager and the foreman on project management's success in the context of LPS implementation

[EN] Production planning is a key element for success in building project management. Last Planner System (LPS) has emerged as an alternative proactive management method through the commitment of the different stakeholders involved in the project; however, further research is required to determine the factors that can affect the success of LPS implementation. This research aims to analyze how the implementation of LPS and the construction management experience of the project manager and the construction site foreman individually influence project management's success, getting minimum time and cost deviations. In this work, newly built single-family house projects were analyzed. Quantitative and qualitative analyses, based on the Mann-Whitney U test and qualitative comparative analysis method, respectively, were performed to constrain both the individual and combined effects of LPS, the project foreman, and the project manager in terms of cost and time deviation as measures of project management success. The results highlight that LPS implementation is significant in terms of time deviation and combined LPS implementation and the foreman's experience in construction management are sufficient to maintain time deviations below 10%. However, among the studied variables, only the foreman's experience is a required condition to maintain cost deviations under 10%. Overall, this study may help construction organizations to improve their managerial practices at construction sites. (c) 2023 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/).Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Montalbán-Domingo, L.; Casas-Rico, JE.; Alarcón, LF.; Pellicer, E. (2024). Influence of the experience of the project manager and the foreman on project management's success in the context of LPS implementation. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2023.10232415

Carbon pathways through the food web of a microbial mat from Byers peninsula, Antarctica

Microbial mats are complex communities that represent a large biomass fraction in non-marine Antarctic ecosystems. They confer structure to soils and constitute, by themselves, intricate microecosystems, where a great variety of microorganisms and microfauna contributes to the ecosystem functions. Although in recent years Antarctic microbial mats have been thoroughly investigated, trophic relationships within the communities remain unresolved. We therefore conducted a study of the trophic relationships of a microbial mat from Byers Peninsula, Antarctica, using DNA analysis and stable isotopes as trophic tracers. Our results suggested, based on a Bayesian mixing model, that at least four trophic levels are present within this microecosystem: primary producers (cyanobacteria and diatoms), primary consumers (rotifers and tardigrades), secondary consumers (nematodes) and decomposers (fungi). Nematodes would play a key role as top consumers of the community, connecting the two carbon inputs described into the system, as omnivores at the secondary trophic level. In addition, carbon pathways from primary trophic level to consumers take place quickly during the first 24 h after its incorporation in the primary producers, dispersing across all the trophic levels and reaching secondary consumers in less than 11 days. This suggests that, given the changing physical conditions and presumably short periods of activity, there is a fine temporal coupling among the organisms in the community, minimizing the redundancy in function performance among trophic level

Marine vertebrates impact the bacterial community composition and food webs of Antarctic microbial mats

The biological activity of marine vertebrates represents an input of nutrients for Antarctic terrestrial biota, with relevant consequences for the entire ecosystem. Even though microbial mats assemble most of the biological diversity of the non-marine Antarctica, the effects of the local macrofauna on these microecosystems remain understudied. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 13C and 15N stable isotopes, and by characterizing the P and N-derived nutrient levels, we evaluated the effects of penguins and other marine vertebrates on four microbial mats located along the Antarctic Peninsula. Our results show that P concentrations, C/N and N/P ratios, and δ 15N values of “penguin-impacted” microbial mats were significantly higher than values obtained for “macrofauna-free” sample. Nutrients derived from penguin colonies and other marine vertebrates altered the trophic interactions of communities within microbial mats, as well as the relative abundance and trophic position of meiofaunal groups. Twentynine bacterial families from eight different phyla significantly changed with the presence of penguins, with inorganic nitrogen (NH4 + and NO3 −) and δ 15N appearing as key factors in driving bacterial community composition. An apparent change in richness, diversity, and dominance of prokaryotes was also related to penguin-derived nutrients, affecting N utilization strategies of microbial mats and relating oligotrophic systems to communities with a higher metabolic versatility. The interdisciplinary approach of this study makes these results advance our understanding of interactions and composition of communities inhabiting microbial mats from Antarctica, revealing how they are deeply associated with marine animal

Carbon Pathways Through the Food Web of a Microbial Mat From Byers Peninsula, Antarctica

Microbial mats are complex communities that represent a large biomass fraction in non-marine Antarctic ecosystems. They confer structure to soils and constitute, by themselves, intricate microecosystems, where a great variety of microorganisms and microfauna contributes to the ecosystem functions. Although in recent years Antarctic microbial mats have been thoroughly investigated, trophic relationships within the communities remain unresolved. We therefore conducted a study of the trophic relationships of a microbial mat from Byers Peninsula, Antarctica, using DNA analysis and stable isotopes as trophic tracers. Our results suggested, based on a Bayesian mixing model, that at least four trophic levels are present within this microecosystem: primary producers (cyanobacteria and diatoms), primary consumers (rotifers and tardigrades), secondary consumers (nematodes) and decomposers (fungi). Nematodes would play a key role as top consumers of the community, connecting the two carbon inputs described into the system, as omnivores at the secondary trophic level. In addition, carbon pathways from primary trophic level to consumers take place quickly during the first 24 h after its incorporation in the primary producers, dispersing across all the trophic levels and reaching secondary consumers in less than 11 days. This suggests that, given the changing physical conditions and presumably short periods of activity, there is a fine temporal coupling among the organisms in the community, minimizing the redundancy in function performance among trophic levels

Instruments to assess motor skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder between 5 and 12 years old: Systematic Review

La actividad física es un elemento determinante en el desarrollo integral de la población. Por lo general, el alumnado con TEA es físicamente inactivo como consecuencia, entre otros aspectos, de los déficits motrices existentes, lo que acaba perjudicando su desarrollo psicomotor. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es identificar y analizar los principales instrumentos utilizados para evaluar la motricidad en niños de entre cinco y 12 años diagnosticados con TEA. Se han revisado artículos publicados entre los años 2015 y 2020, disponibles en cinco bases de datos electrónicas: PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus y PubMed, siguiendo las pautas de la declaración PRISMA para revisiones sistemáticas. Tras la aplicación del método de búsqueda y de los criterios de inclusión determinados, se analizaron en detalle un total de 10 documentos, en los que se refleja que los instrumentos más utilizados para evaluar el comportamiento motor de niños con autismo han sido las baterías o test, siendo la Batería MABC-2 la más completa entre las que mejor se podrían adaptar para su uso en el contexto escolar. Se sugiere la elaboración de pictogramas que faciliten la comprensión de las pruebas por parte de los niños con TEA. Dada la importancia de mejorar sus habilidades motoras para facilitarles la práctica físico-deportiva, resulta determinante profundizar en el estudio de métodos de evaluación de su nivel motriz como punto de partida y de seguimiento para implementar intervenciones eficaces para esta población en el ámbito escolarPhysical activity is a determining element in the integral development of the population. In general, students with ASD are physically inactive consequently, among other things, of existing motor deficits, which ends up impairing their psychomotor development. The objective of this systematic review is to identify and analyze the main instruments used to assess motor skills in boys and girls between five and 12 years old diagnosed with ASD. Articles published between 2015 and 2020, available in five electronic databases: PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and PubMed, have been reviewed, following the guidelines of the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews PRISMA methodology. After applying the search method and the determined inclusion criteria, a total of 10 documents were analyzed in detail, in which it’s reflected that the instruments most used to evaluate the motor behavior of boys and girls with autism have been batteries or test, being the MABC-2 Battery the most complete among those that could best be adapted for use in the school context. The development of pictograms is suggested to facilitate the understanding of the tests by boys and girls with ASD. It’s important to improve their motor skills to facilitate physical-sporting practice, so it’s essential to study in depth the methods to assess their motor level as a starting point and follow-up to implement effective interventions for this population in the school environmentS

Physical sports activities for autistic spectrum disorder in special education centers from Galicia: teachers’ perception and barriers towards practice

Existe evidencia científica que pone énfasis en la influencia positiva de la Actividad Física (AF) sobre la salud, teniendo las personas que son físicamente activas una mayor calidad de vida que las sedentarias. Concretamente, la práctica de AF que combina intensidad moderada y vigorosa mejora la salud fisiológica y psicológica de niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA). El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la oferta de actividades físico-deportivas en Centros de Educación Especial (CEE) de Galicia que imparten la Educación Básica Obligatoria (equivalente a la Educación Primaria) y que cuentan con alumnado con TEA, así como los factores que influyen en el uso de la AF en las clases, sean de Educación Física (EF) o no. La muestra analizada estuvo conformada por 29 docentes de CEE, a los que se les envió un cuestionario elaborado ad hoc. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el 51,72% del profesorado afirma que todo el alumnado con TEA de su centro tiene clase de EF. Así mismo, el 62,1% de los docentes indican que solo un cuarto del alumnado con TEA realiza AF en el recreo. Natación, psicomotricidad y atletismo son las actividades extraescolares o complementarias que más se practicanThere is scientific evidence that emphasizes the positive influence of Physical Activity (PA) on health, with people who are physically active having a higher quality of life than those who are sedentary. Specifically, the practice of PA that combines moderate and vigorous intensity improves the physiological and psychological health of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The aim of this research was to analyse the offer of physical-sports activities in Special Education Centres (CEE) in Galicia that provide Compulsory Basic Education (equivalent to Primary Education) and that have students with ASD, as well as the factors that influence the use of PA in classes, whether they are specialists of Physical Education (PE) or not. The analyzed sample consisted of 29 CEE teachers, who were sent an ad hoc questionnaire. The results obtained show that 51.72% of the teaching staff affirms that 100% of the students with ASD in their centre have a PE class. Likewise, 62.1% of the teachers indicate that only a quarter of the students with ASD do PA at recess. Swimming, psychomotor skills and athletics are the most practiced extracurricular or complementary activitiesS

Physical activity carried out by Spanish schoolchildren according to age and gender

Estilos de vida poco saludables, asociados a casos de sedentarismo, obesidad y sobrepeso, constituyen un grave problema de salud de la población infantil en España. A pesar de los esfuerzos de organismos como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) por promover programas de promoción y educación para la salud en los colegios, los índices de sobrepeso y obesidad siguen siendo muy elevados en nuestro país. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el nivel de actividad física en escolares españoles de 5º y 6º de educación primaria. Participaron 1009 estudiantes de 10 y 12 años (Medad = 10.85, DE = 0.79), empleando como instrumento para la recogida de datos el Inventario de Actividad Física Habitual para Escolares (IAFHE). Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto del género y la práctica deportiva fuera del colegio (NPFC) (p < .001), la práctica de actividad física durante el recreo (AFDR) (p < .001) y la práctica de actividades sedentarias (PAS) (p < .001); también, respecto de la edad y la AFDR (p = .001). Los niños practican mayor cantidad de actividad física que las niñas dentro y fuera del colegio, pero, en ambos casos, están por debajo de las recomendaciones de la OMS, debiendo reflexionar sobre los hábitos saludables fomentados desde la educación física escolarUnhealthy lifestyles, associated with cases of sedentary lifestyle, obesity and overweight, constitute a serious health problem for children in Spain. Despite the efforts of organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), to promote health promotion and education programs in schools, rates of overweight and obesity remain very high in our country. The objective of this study was to determine the level of physical activity in Spanish students of 5th and 6th grade of primary education. A total of 1009 students of 10 and 12 years old (Mage = 10.85, DE = 0.79), responded the Inventory of Habitual Physical Activity for Schoolchildren (IAFHE), used as the instrument for data collection. The results show statistically significant differences by gender and out-of-school sports practice (NPOS) (p < .001), physical activity during recess (PADR) (p < .001) and sedentary activities (PSA) (p < .001); by age and PADR as well (p = .001). Boys practice more physical activity than girls in and out of school, but, in both cases, they are below WHO recommendations, which should arouse a reflection on healthy habits promoted through school physical educationS

Diplomado Gestión del Marketing para el Emprendimiento Social

En el presente trabajo de la Fase de Resultados se presenta un modelo de negocios CANVAS mejorado, presentándolo de forma Gráfica y Escrita; con el cual se busca hacer “Un modelo de negocio fundamentado en la innovación que se basa en encontrar y fomentar nuevas formas de crear, entregar y captar valor para el cliente” por lo que empleamos las estrategias y propuesta de valor desarrolladas en actividades anteriores para culminar nuestro plan de negocios y presentar la propuesta del proyecto de emprendimiento en un Pitch elaborado por el grupo colaborativo como trabajo final del Diplomado de Profundización para Tecnologías, Gestión de Marketing para el Emprendimiento Social. El modelo de negocios CANVAS describe las bases sobre la que una empresa crea proporciona y capta valor, creando un valor diferenciador en sus productos y servicios para entregar a sus clientes con lo cual se pretende que Dulce Bendición logre posición y estabilidad en el mercado. El Pitch consiste en una presentación atractiva de un proyecto con el objetivo de captar la atención del interlocutor desde el primer segundo, mostrando las características diferenciadoras de éste; y por medio del cual pretendemos exponer los avances realizados en todo el proceso de elaboración de nuestra idea de negocio Dulce Bendición. Con el desarrollo de este último trabajo colaborativo estaríamos exponiendo el consolidado neto, del proyecto trabajado en todo el Diplomado representando así el esfuerzo, dedicación y empeño que le pusimos a éste.In this paper results of Phase KEDS a business model improved graphically presenting Written and presented; with which it seeks to "A business model based on innovation that is based on finding and promoting new ways to create, deliver and capture value for the customer" so we use strategies and value proposition developed in previous activities completion of our business plan and present the project proposal entrepreneurship in a Pitch developed by the collaborative group work as a final Deepening Diploma for Technology Management, Marketing for Social Entrepreneurship. KEDS business model describes the basis on which a company creates and captures value provides, creating a differentiating value in their products and services to deliver to their customers which is intended to achieve Blessing Dulce position and market stability. The Pitch is an attractive presentation of a project aiming to capture the listener's attention from the first second, showing the distinguishing characteristics thereof; and by which we intend to present the progress made throughout the process of developing our business idea Dulce blessing. With the development of the latter collaborative work we are exposing the net consolidated project worked throughout the Diploma and representing the effort, dedication and commitment that we put to it

Biochemical diversity of carboxyl esterases and lipases from Lake Arreo (Spain): a metagenomic approach

The esterases and lipases from the α/β hydrolase superfamily exhibit an enormous sequence diversity, fold plasticity, and activities. Here, we present the comprehensive sequence and biochemical analyses of seven distinct esterases and lipases from the metagenome of Lake Arreo, an evaporite karstic lake in Spain (42°46=N, 2°59=W; altitude, 655 m). Together with oligonucleotide usage patterns and BLASTP analysis, our study of esterases/lipases mined from Lake Arreo suggests that its sediment contains moderately halophilic and cold-adapted proteobacteria containing DNA fragments of distantly related plasmids or chromosomal genomic islands of plasmid and phage origins. This metagenome encodes esterases/lipases with broad substrate profiles (tested over a set of 101 structurally diverse esters) and habitat-specific characteristics, as they exhibit maximal activity at alkaline pH (8.0 to 8.5) and temperature of 16 to 40°C, and they are stimulated (1.5 to 2.2 times) by chloride ions (0.1 to 1.2 M), reflecting an adaptation to environmental conditions. Our work provides further insights into the potential significance of the Lake Arreo esterases/lipases for biotechnology processes (i.e., production of enantiomers and sugar esters), because these enzymes are salt tolerant and are active at low temperatures and against a broad range of substrates. As an example, the ability of a single protein to hydrolyze triacylglycerols, (non)halogenated alkyl and aryl esters, cinnamoyl and carbohydrate esters, lactones, and chiral epoxides to a similar extent was demonstrated.We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project CSD2007-00005), the European Community project MAGICPAH (FP7-KBBE-2009-245226), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and the Government of Canada through Genome Canada, Ontario Genomics Institute, and Ontario Research Fund (2009-OGI-ABC-1405 and ORF-GL2-01-004). M.-E.G. thanks the CSIC for a JAE fellowship.Peer Reviewe