A CORRELATIONAL-COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GRADE 4, GRADE 5, AND GRADE 6 STUDENTS’ SELF-EFFICACY FOR LEARNING AND PERFORMANCE IN INTEGRATED SUBJECTS WITH THEIR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN A MOTHER TONGUE-BASED MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION CONTEXT IN 5 SJN-CBE SCHOOLS IN

The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate whether there was a significant relationship between self-efficacy for learning and performance in integrated subjects of Grade 4, Grade 5, and Grade 6 students and their academic achievement in 5 SJN-CBE Schools, Northern State, Myanmar. An adapted version of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire by Pintrich, Smith, Gracia, and McKeachie (1991) was used to collect data from a total of 433 students; 117 Grade 4 students, 159 Grade 5 students, and 157 Grade 6 students. The subjects' final assessment results were used to determine the integrated subjects' academic achievement levels. The researcher also compared the self-efficacy for learning and performance in integrated subjects among Grade 4, Grade 5, and Grade 6 students. Descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) and statistical hypothesis testing (correlational analysis using Pearson product-moment correlation and one-way ANOVA) were used to analyze the data. The research findings indicated high levels of self-efficacy for learning and performance in integrated subjects of Grade 4, Grade 5, and Grade 6. The integrated subject's final assessment result revealed that grade 4, Grade 5, and Grade 6 students had good academic achievement. Pearson product-moment correlation suggested that self-efficacy for learning and performance in integrated subjects of Grade 5 and grade 6 students and their academic achievement were significantly positively correlated; in contrast, there was no significant relationship between students' self-efficacy for learning and performance in integrated subjects of Grade 4 students and their academic achievement. The findings indicated a significant1 M.Ed. in Curriculum & Instruction, Principal, Church-Based Education Shan State Kachin Baptist Union, Loihkang Road, Kawnghka, Kutkai, Northern Shan State, Myanmar. [email protected] Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Assumption University, Thailand. [email protected]: Human Sciences, ISSN 2586-9388, Vol.14 No.2 (Jul.-Dec. 2022)difference in self-efficacy for learning and performance in integrated subjects between Grade 4 and Grade 5. Still, there was no significant difference between Grade 4 and Grade 6 students and between Grade 5 and Grade 6 students. Recommendations for students, teachers, parents, implementers and administrators of SJN-CBE, and future researchers are provided

Diversidade, parâmetros estruturais e produtos florestais não madeireiros na reserva florestal de Bonepoupa (Douala, Camarões)

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509812363In order to come up with a sustainable use of forest ecosystems in Cameroon, its vegetal diversity has been inventoried; the plant potentials and the structural parameters were studied in the forest reserve of Bonepoupa. Ten non-continuous plots of 200 m² were done and the materialization of the lines was done with a topofil put at the centre of the field with ropes at 5 m each of the topofil. In addition, ninety people were interviewed in order to know the potential use of species in this region. Up to 172 individuals with Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm divided into 27 species, 25 genera and 18 families were inventoried and the coefficient of abundance-dominance was determined. The diversity index of Shannon (H’) was H’1 = 4.17 ± 0.45 with H’1max = 4.75 and the evenness was R1 = 0.88. Taking into account herbaceous species, H’ determined by the coefficient of abundance-dominance was H’2 = 4.74 ± 0.56 with H’2max = 5.70 and the evenness  was  R2 = 0.83. The  total  basal  area  was 19.69 m2/ha and the density was 860 individuals/ha. These results indicate that herbaceous significantly modifies the value of the diversity index and that forest reserve of Bonepoupa is experiencing a problem of conservation which is due to a lack of its appropriate management. The knowledge of non-timber forest products and their use as food as well as medicinal resources by local population might be helpful for the sustainable management of resources in this forest reserve.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509812363A fim de chegar a uma utilização sustentável dos ecossistemas florestais na República dos Camarões, a diversidade vegetal tem sido amostrada com intuito de ressaltar o potencial das plantas; e os parâmetros estruturais que foram estudados na reserva florestal de Bonepoupa. O levantamento foi realizado pelo método de amostragem aleatória, onde foram plotadas dez parcelas de 200 m2, distanciadas por uma linha feita com um “topofil” colocado no centro do campo com cordas de 5 m cada uma. Além disso, noventa pessoas foram entrevistadas com o objetivo de conhecer o potencial de uso das espécies nessa região. No total foram amostrados 172 indivíduos com diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) ≥ 5 cm, distribuídos em 27 espécies, 25 gêneros e 18 famílias. Determinou-se o coeficiente de abundância-dominância. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) foi H’1 = 4,17 ± 0,45 com H’1max = 4,75 e a equabilidade foi R1 = 0.88. Levando em consideração as espécies herbáceas, o H’ determinado pelo coeficiente de abundância-dominância foi H’2 = 4,74 ± 0,56 com H’2 max = 5,70 e a equabilidade foi R1 = 0,83. A área basal total foi 19,69 m2/ha e a densidade foi 860 indivíduos/ha. Analisando-se os resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que as herbáceas modificaram significativamente o valor do índice de diversidade e também que a reserva florestal de Bonepoupa está passando por um problema de conservação por falta de gestão adequada. O conhecimento dos produtos florestais não madeireiros, bem como seus usos alimentares e medicinais pela população local, poderia ser útil para a gestão sustentável dos recursos nesta reserva florestal

Applying formal methods to standard development: the open distributed processing experience

Since their introduction, formal methods have been applied in various ways to different standards. This paper gives an account of these applications, focusing on one application in particular: the development of a framework for creating standards for Open Distributed Processing (ODP). Following an introduction to ODP, the paper gives an insight into the current work on formalising the architecture of the Reference Model of ODP (RM-ODP), highlighting the advantages to be gained. The different approaches currently being taken are shown, together with their associated advantages and disadvantages. The paper concludes that there is no one all-purpose approach which can be used in preference to all others, but that a combination of approaches is desirable to best fulfil the potential of formal methods in developing an architectural semantics for OD

Review of the utilization of HEEPF – competitive projects for educational enhancement in the Egyptian medical sector

In Egypt, the medical sector has been facing the same problems that challenged the system of higher education in the past decades, mainly an increasing student enrollment, limited resources, and old governance and bylaws. These constraints and the escalating paucity of resources have had a major negative influence on quality of education. Consequently, thoughts of educational reform came forward in the form of competitive projects, which have attracted several institutes from the health sector to improve their educational performance. The aim of this paper is to review the share of the medical sector in the higher education enhancement project fund (HEEPF), its outcomes, sustainability, and to provide recommendations for keeping the momentum of reform pursuit in the future. The methodology included obtaining statistics pertaining to the medical sector in Egypt as regards colleges, students, and staff. We also reviewed the self-studies of the medical sector colleges, HEEPF projects reports, performance appraisal reports, and World Bank reports on HEEPF achievements in order to retrieve the required data. Results showed that medical sector had a large share of the HEEPF (28.5% of projects) as compared to its size (8% of student population). The projects covered 10 areas; the frequency distribution of which ranged between 4.4% (creation of new programs) to 97.8% (human resource development). In conclusion, educational enhancement in the medical sector in Egypt could be apparently achieved through the HEEPF competitive projects. A study of the long-term impact of these projects on the quality of education is recommende

Evaluating the effects of an exercise program (Staying UpRight) for older adults in long-term care on rates of falls: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Background: Falls are two to four times more frequent amongst older adults living in long-term care (LTC) than community-dwelling older adults and have deleterious consequences. It is hypothesised that a progressive exercise program targeting balance and strength will reduce fall rates when compared to a seated exercise program and do so cost effectively. Methods/design: This is a single blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial with blinded assessment of outcome and intention-to-treat analysis. LTC residents (age ≥ 65 years) will be recruited from LTC facilities in New Zealand. Participants (n = 528 total, with a 1:1 allocation ratio) will be randomly assigned to either a novel exercise program (Staying UpRight), comprising strength and balance exercises designed specifically for LTC and acceptable to people with dementia (intervention group), or a seated exercise program (control group). The intervention and control group classes will be delivered for 1 h twice weekly over 1 year. The primary outcome is rate of falls (per 1000 person years) within the intervention period. Secondary outcomes will be risk of falling (the proportion of fallers per group), fall rate relative to activity exposure, hospitalisation for fall-related injury, change in gait variability, volume and patterns of ambulatory activity and change in physical performance assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Cost-effectiveness will be examined using intervention and health service costs. The trial commenced recruitment on 30 November 2018. Discussion: This study evaluates the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a progressive strength and balance exercise program for aged care residents to reduce falls. The outcomes will aid development of evidenced-based exercise programmes for this vulnerable population. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001827224. Registered on 9 November 2018. Universal trial number U1111-1217-7148

Influence des sols salins et calcaires sur la croissance, la nutrition minérale et les composantes agronomiques du niébé (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) dans trois zones agro écologiques du Cameroun

Objectif: le présent travail consiste à évaluer les effets des sols salins et calcaires sur la croissance, la nutrition minérale et les composantes agronomiques de cinq variétés de niébé (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) var. Garoua PG, Mouola PG, Garoua GG, Mouola GG et Tsacre) dans trois zones agro-écologiques du Cameroun.Méthodologie et résultats: le dispositif expérimental est un bloc complètement randomisé avec cinq répétitions. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que la biomasse sèche des feuilles des variétés Mouola PG a augmenté significativement dans les sols calcaires de Baré comparativement aux sols témoins de Yagoua. Dans les sols salins de Kribi, elle baisse significativement chez les variétés Mouola PG, Garoua GG et Tsacre. Les rendements en graines augmentent significativement chez les variétés Garoua PG et Mouola GG dans les sols de Kribi d’une part et d’autre part chez la variété Mouola PG dans les sols de Baré. Les fortes concentrations en Na+ des sols de Kribi ont entrainé une baisse remarquable des concentrations en K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ et N dans les feuilles des variétés Mouola PG, Garoua GG et Tsacre. Par contre, dans le sol de Baré riche en Ca2+, les concentrations en Na+, K+, Mg2+ et P ont augmenté nettement chez les différentes variétés.Conclusion et application des résultats: l’examen de l’ensemble des paramètres étudiés révèle que la zone agro-écologique à pluviométrie uni-modale aux sols salins serait propice à la culture des variétés Mouola GG et Garoua PG tandis que la variété Mouola PG pousserait mieux dans la zone agro-écologique des hauts plateaux aux sols calcaires.Mots clés: Niébé, croissance, nutrition minérale, rendement, sol salin, sol calcaireEnglish Title:  Effects of saline and calcareous soils on the growth, mineral nutrition and agronomic components of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) in three agro-ecological areas of CameroonEnglish AbstractObjective: the present work evaluates the effects of saline and calcareous soils on the growth, mineral nutrition and agronomic components of five varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) var. Garoua PG, Mouola PG, Garoua GG, Mouola GG and Tsacre) in three agro-ecological areas of Cameroon.Methodology and results: the experimental setup is a completely randomized block with five repetitions. The results obtained show that the dry biomass of the leaves of the Mouola PG varieties increased significantly in the calcareous soils (Baré) compared to the control soils of Yagoua. In saline soils of Kribi, the dry biomass decreases significantly in leaves of Mouola PG, Garoua GG and Tsacre. In Kribi soils, seed yields increased significantly in the Garoua PG and Mouola GG varieties, while in Baré, the Mouola PG variety grew better. The high Na+ concentration of Kribi soils resulted in a remarkable reduction of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and N concentrations in the leaves of the varieties Mouola PG, Garoua GG and Tsacre. On the other hand, in the soils of Baré rich in Ca2+, the concentrations in Na+, K+, Mg2+ and P increased markedly in the different varieties.Conclusion and application of results: Examination of all the studied parameters reveals that the agroecological zone with a modal rainfall with saline soil would be favorable for the cultivation of the varieties Mouola GG and Garoua PG while the variety Mouola PG would grow better in the ecological highlands plateau with calcareous soils.Keywords: Cowpea, growth, mineral nutrition, yield, saline soil, calcareous soi