4,798 research outputs found

    Trois remarques sur l épisode du Crémére

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    Origine, Ăąge et taux d’accrĂ©tion verticale de la tourbiĂšre Ă  palses de Blanc-Sablon, basse CĂŽte-Nord, Golfe du Saint-Laurent, QuĂ©bec

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    La tourbiĂšre Ă  palses de Blanc-Sablon s’est formĂ©e dans une cuvette lacustre isolĂ©e par un cordon morainique lors de l’émersion des terres au niveau de 60-70 m. D’une dizaine de mĂštres de profondeur au dĂ©but, le lac s’est vite transformĂ© en une lagune lorsqu’il s’est vidangĂ© il y a 10 200 ans environ (vers 9 ka 14C BP) suite Ă  l’incision du cordon morainique par recul de tĂȘte de la riviĂšre Blanc-Sablon ou par son ancĂȘtre. Il a d’abord Ă©tĂ© colonisĂ© par une vĂ©gĂ©tation aquatique. La tourbe a commencĂ© Ă  se former en milieu minĂ©rotrophe vers 9400 ans BP (8,4 ka 14C BP) pour atteindre finalement une Ă©paisseur totale d’environ 3 m. La tourbiĂšre est composĂ©e de deux unitĂ©s principales de tourbe de sphaignes de milieu ombrotrophe sĂ©parĂ©es par une couche de tourbe de couleur foncĂ©e et bien dĂ©composĂ©e de milieu minĂ©rotrophe. D’aprĂšs la coupe Ă©tudiĂ©e, l’accrĂ©tion verticale du tapis tourbeux a pu atteindre jusqu’à 2-3 mm par annĂ©e, s’établissant Ă  0,53 mm/an en moyenne entre 9400 et 4400 ans avant l’actuel (8,4 et 4 ka 14C BP), date d’un feu. La partie supĂ©rieure de la couche de sphaignes au-dessus de l’horizon de feu a Ă©tĂ© datĂ©e Ă  environ 500 ans BP, alors que la couche de lichens Ă  la surface a donnĂ© un Ăąge au 14C de 40 ± 60 BP seulement. Cependant, dans deux autres coupes situĂ©es vers le centre de la tourbiĂšre, l’ñge de la partie superficielle du tapis tourbeux sur une Ă©paisseur de 50 Ă  60 cm va de moderne Ă  2330 ans cal. BP (2280 ± 60 14C BP). L’accrĂ©tion rĂ©duite pourrait rĂ©sulter de l’instauration de la palse, assĂ©chant localement le milieu. Le taux moyen d’accrĂ©tion verticale pour l’ensemble du tapis tourbeux au droit de la coupe a Ă©tĂ© d’environ 0,32 mm/an. Le pergĂ©lisol s’est vraisemblablement installĂ© dans la tourbiĂšre durant la pĂ©riode du Petit Âge glaciaire.The palsa peat bog in the Blanc-Sablon area was formed in a lacustrine basin isolated by a moraine ridge at the head of the Blanc-Sablon River valley when the isostatic land recovery reached the 60-70 m level. At the beginning, the depth of the lake was about 10 m ; however, the lake was soon drained almost entirely about 10 200 years ago (around 9 ka 14C BP) when the Blanc-Sablon River cut back the moraine ridge. The floor of the resulting shallow lagoon was then progressively covered by an aquatic plant species carpet. Peat began to grow and accumulate about 9400 yr BP (8,4 ka 14C BP), and finally the peat reached about 3 m in thickness. At the section studied, the peat carpet is made of two main layers of sphagnum separated by a layer of fen peat. At this site, the vertical accretion of the peat could have reached 2-3 mm per year, the average being 0.53 mm/yr between 9400 and 4400 yr BP (8,4 to 4 ka 14C BP), until a fire occurred. Radiocarbon age at the surface of the thick sphagnum layer overlying the fire event is about 500 years BP whereas the thin and dry lichen layer at the surface date back only 40 ± 60 14C yr BP. However, in two sites located in the peat bog center, the peat layers under the lichens have been dated from modern to 2330 cal yr BP (2280 ± 60 14C yr BP). Consequently the apparent slow down in peat accumulation after the fire shown at the studied section is likely due to the local build-up of the palsa. The mean vertical accretion rate for the 3 m thick peat carpet is about 0.32 mm/yr. Permafrost probably occurred into the peat bog about 500 years ago, during the Little Ice Age

    Evaluation of a TiO2 photocatalysis treatment on nitrophenols and nitramines contaminated plant wastewaters by solid-phase extraction coupled with ESI HPLC–MS

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    Nitration reactions of aromatic compounds are commonly involved in different industrial processes for pharmaceutical, pesticide or military uses. For many years, most of the manufacturing sites used lagooning systems to treat their process effluents. In view of a photocatalytic degradation assay, the wastewater of a lagoon was investigated by using HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry. The wastewater was highly concentrated in RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), HMX (octahydro- 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) and two herbicides Dinoterb (2-tert-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) and Dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol). First of all, an analytical method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with HPLC ESI MS/MS was put in work for identification and titration of RDX, HMX and the two dinitrophenols in a complex natural matrix. Then, the UV/TiO2 treatment was investigated for pollutants removal. Dinitrophenolic compoundswere significantly degraded after a 8-h-exposition of the wastewater/TiO2 suspension, whereas RDX and HMX were poorly affected

    Photochemical UV/TiO2 treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW)

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    Olive mill wastewater (OMW) was treated by photocatalysis using TiO2 under UV irradiation on the laboratory scale. The chemical oxygen demand, the coloration at 330 nm, and the level of phenols all showed decreases which, after a 24-h treatment, reached 22%, 57% and 94%, respectively. The differences between these three values indicate the persistence of colourless, non-phenolic compounds. Application of the novel Fictitious Atomic-Group Separation method showed an increase in carbon oxidation state and confirmed that the attack primarily concerns, aromatic moieties. A fine spectroscopic study revealed the occurrence of three successive phases during the degradation process, thought to correspond to three different categories of molecules in the OMW and the presence of pectin compounds

    Alexandre Grandazzi, Alba Longa. Histoire d’une lĂ©gende

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    Cette thĂšse est le couronnement d’une sĂ©rie d’études dont la premiĂšre, publiĂ©e en 1986, ouvrait la voie que l’auteur a depuis systĂ©matiquement dĂ©frichĂ©e, puis Ă©largie. DĂšs cette date, il avançait de sĂ©rieuses raisons de douter qu’Albe ait jamais Ă©tĂ© une « ville ». Si les tĂ©moignages anciens affirment le contraire, c’est que la pseudo-histoire des primordia avait Ă©tĂ© conditionnĂ©e en ce sens par la cĂ©lĂ©bration des FĂ©ries Latines qui avait lieu chaque annĂ©e sur le mons Albanus. Pour ses reprĂ©sen..

    Perlite for permanent confinement of cesium

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    We present the potential use of expanded perlite, a metastable amorphous hydrated aluminium silicate, as a permanent medium for the long-term confinement of cesium. The method requires simply a loading by mixing an aqueous cesium nitrate solution and expanded perlite at 300 K followed by densification by sintering. The formation of pollucite, CsAlSi2O6, a naturally occurring mineral phase, upon careful heat treatment is demonstrated by X-ray diffraction. Leaching tests on the resulting glass-ceramics reveal a very low Cs departure of 0.5 mg m−2 d−1

    The M-type stars

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    The papers in this volume cover the following topics: (1) basic properties and photometric variability of M and related stars; (2) spectroscopy and nonthermal processes; (3) circumstellar radio molecular lines; (4) circumstellar shells, the formation of grains, and radiation transfer; (5) mass loss; (6) circumstellar chemistry; (7) thermal atmospheric models; (8) quasi-thermal models; (9) observations on the atmospheres of M dwarfs; and (1) theoretical work on M dwarfs

    Ecologie et RĂ©partition Spatiale des Peuplements des Siluriformes dans deux RiviĂšres ForestiĂšres Yoko et Biaro (Province Tshopo, Fleuve Congo, R.D. Congo)

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    La prĂ©sente Ă©tude sur l’écologie et la rĂ©partition des Siluriformes entreprise de septembre 2008 Ă  aoĂ»t 2009, a pour but de caractĂ©riser et de dĂ©terminer les facteurs responsables de la distribution spatio-temporelle des Siluriformes dans les riviĂšres Yoko et Biaro dans la RĂ©serve forestiĂšre de Yoko. Des filets maillants, palangres et nasses traditionnelles ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour capturer les poissons. Ainsi, 572 silures au total, repartis en 15 espĂšces appartenant Ă  9 genres et 6 familles ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©coltĂ©s. Les Clariidae et Claroteidae sont les plus diversifiĂ©es avec respectivement : 5 et 4 espĂšces chacune. L’indice de diversitĂ© de Shannon varie de 1,54 Ă  0,40 ; tandis que, celui de Simpson oscille entre 0,75 et 0,18 et l’équitabilitĂ© entre 0,86 et 0,29. Ce qui indique une biodiversitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e mais dont l’équilibre et la structure varient selon les stations. L’Analyse en Composantes Principales (ACP), l’Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances (AFC) et l’Analyse Canonique des Correspondances (ACC) montrent qu’il existe, d’une part, des liens entre les stations Yoko 1, 2, 3 et 4 et Biaro 3 et d’autre part, entre les espĂšces Schilbe marmoratus, Clarias (Anguilloclarias) ebriensis, Schilbenigrita, Clarias buthupogon, Clarias pachynema et Parauchenoglanis punctatus, du fait de la corrĂ©lation positive qui existe entre les paramĂštres abiotiques et la vĂ©gĂ©tation ripicole. De mĂȘme, Schilbe grenfelli ; Anaspidoglanis macrostoma et Chrysichthys (Melanodactylus) dageti sont respectivement liĂ©es aux stations Biaro 1, 2 et 4, du fait de la corrĂ©lation positive existant avec les variables vĂ©gĂ©tation ripicole, tempĂ©rature de l’eau Ă©levĂ©e (avoisinant 24°C), vitesse de l’eau moyennement faible (variant entre 0,29 et 0,37 m/s) d’une part et d’autre part, du fait de plus grande profondeur de l’eau (0,67 m), plus grande largeur de riviĂšre (17,9 m) et oxygĂšne dissous lĂ©gĂšrement dĂ©ficitaire. Et enfin, du fait de la nature des substrats (sablonneux, caillouteux, rocheux garni de pierres, feuilles mortes, bois morts et dĂ©bris vĂ©gĂ©taux). Ceci atteste, que les variables environnementales (abiotiques et biotiques) agissent ensemble dans la rĂ©partition spatiale des peuplements des Siluriformes.   This paper on the ecology and distribution of Siluriformes, undertaken from September 2008 to August 2009, focuses on characterizing and determining the factors responsible for the spatio-temporal distribution of Siluriformes in the Yoko and Biaro rivers in the Yoko Forest Reserve. Gillnets, longlines, and traditional traps were used to catch the fish. 572 catfish in total, divided into 15 species, belonging to 9 genera and 6 families were collected. The Clariidae and Claroteidae are the most diversified with 5 and 4 species each respectively. Shannon's diversity index varies from 1.54 to 0.40, while that of Simpson oscillates between 0.75 and 0.18 and the equitability between 0.86 and 0.29. This indicates a high biodiversity but their balance and structure varies according to the stations. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA), and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) show that there are, on the one hand, links between stations Yoko 1, 2, 3 and 4 and Biaro 3 and, on the other hand, between the species Schilbe marmoratus, Clarias (Anguilloclarias) ebriensis, Schilbe nigrita, Clarias buthupogon, Clarias pachynema and Parauchenoglanis punctatus. This is due to a positive correlation that exists between the abiotic parameters and the riparian vegetation. Likewise, Schilbe grenfelli, Anaspidoglanis macrostoma, and Chrysichthys (Melanodactylus) dageti are respectively linked to Biaro stations 1, 2, and 4. This also is due to the positive correlation existing with the variables riparian vegetation, high water temperature (around 24°C), and speed of moderately low water (varying between 0.29 and 0.37 m/s) on the one hand. On the other hand, it is due to greater water depth (0.67 m), greater river width (17.9 m), slightly lower dissolved oxygen, and finally because of the nature of the substrates (sandy, stony, rocky topped with stones, dead leaves, dead wood and plant debris). This shows that the environmental variables (abiotic and biotic) act together in the spatial distribution of Siluriformes populations
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