Agricultura Urbana y Periurbana Agroecológica: conexiones entre experiencias del Semiárido Brasileiro y el AMBA/Argentina

La agricultura urbana y periurbana -AUP se ha presentado como una iniciativa importante para promover la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional junto con el desarrollo sostenible de las ciudades. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las experiencias de AUP en los territorios de la Sertão de São Francisco Pernambucano / Bahiano (Brasil) y en la región sur del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires -AMBA (Argentina) para comprender sus dinámicas y mejorar los procesos de desarrollo de sistemas agroalimentarios y productivos sostenibles en las ciudades. La experiencia se basa en la orientación metodológica de la investigación-acción en la que los investigadores, los agricultores y los extensionistas son actores sociales que interactúan, promueven procesos y acciones en la dinámica local. El análisis realizado sobre la base de los procesos de intervención que tuvieron lugar durante 2017 y diciembre de 2019 muestra diferentes contribuciones a los procesos territoriales para promover la Agroecología y Seguridad de la AUP entre agricultores, consumidores, comunidades, estudiantes, profesionales de extensión y gestores de acciones y políticas públicas que interactúan con estos temas en Sertão do São Francisco, SemiáridoBrasileño y el AMBA.Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture -AUP has been presented as an important initiative to promote food and nutritional security in conjunction with the sustainable development of cities. In this way, the present work aims to discuss the AUP in the territories of the Sertão do São Francisco Pernambucano / Baiano (Brazil) and in the south of the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires -AMBA (Argentina) in order to understand the dynamics of this agricultural practice and enhance the development processes of sustainable agri-food and productive systems in cities. The experience is based on the methodological orientation of action research in which researchers, farmers and extension workers are social actors who interact, promote processes and actions in local dynamics. The analysis carried out based on intervention processes that took place throughout 2017 and december 2019 shows different contributions to the territorial processes for promoting AUP Agroecology and Security among farmers, consumers, communities, students, extension professionals and managers of actions and public policies that interact with these themes in the Sertão do São Francisco, Brazilian Semiarid and AMBA.IPAF Región PampeanaFil: Freitas, Helder Ribeiro. Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco; BrasilFil: Perez, Maximiliano. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Agricultura Familiar. Región Pampeana; Argentina. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche; ArgentinaFil: Baldini, Carolina. Movimiento de Trabajadores Excluidos. Laboratorio de Investigación y Reflexión en Agroecología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marinho, Cristiane Moraes. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano; BrasilFil: Aristide, Pablo. Movimiento de Trabajadores Excluidos; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, Denes Dantas. Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco; BrasilFil: Almeida, Lucas Ricardo. Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Elson de. Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco; Brasi

Balanço hídrico e excreção renal de metabólitos em cabras leiteiras alimentadas com feno de alfafa e palma forrageira

Objetivou-se determinar os efeitos da substituição do feno de Tifton (Cynodon spp.) por feno de alfafa (Medicago Sativa) em dietas à base de palma forrageira (Nopalea cochenillifera) sobre o balanço hídrico, funções renais e excreção mineral de cabras leiteiras. Utilizou-se 12 cabras da raça Saanen, com peso vivo de 46,23±7,5kg, produção de 3,0 kg leite/dia. O delineamento experimental foi quadrado latino (4x4), com quatro tratamentos (0%; 33,3%; 66,7% e 100% de substituição) e quatro períodos para coleta de dados e amostras. O consumo de matéria seca (CMS), expresso em kg/dia e consumo de água total apresentaram aumento linear (p<0,05) em função da substituição do feno de Tifton pelo feno de alfafa, variando de 2,25 a 2,49 kg/dia e de 10,4 a 11,6 L/dia, para os níveis 0 a 100%, respectivamente. As perdas de água, taxa de depuração endógena de creatinina (TDECr), taxa de excreção de urina (TEU), Ca, P, Mg e ureia no plasma e urina, assim como índice de excreção urinária (IEUr) e taxas de excreção fracionadas (TEF) de cabras alimentadas com feno de alfafa em substituição ao feno de Tifton em dietas à base de palma forrageira, não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelas dietas. A substituição do feno de Tifton por feno de alfafa em até 300 g/kg de matéria seca, em dietas à base de palma forrageira para cabras em lactação, influencia no consumo de água, sem alterar os índices de excreção urinária

Molecular detection of tick-borne bacteria and protozoa in cervids and wild boars from Portugal

Background: Wildlife can act as reservoir of different tick-borne pathogens, such as bacteria, parasites and viruses. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of tick-borne bacteria and protozoa with veterinary and zoonotic importance in cervids and wild boars from the Centre and South of Portugal.Methods: One hundred and forty one blood samples from free-ranging ungulates including 73 red deer (Cervus elaphus), 65 wild boars (Sus scrofa) and three fallow deer (Dama dama) were tested for the presence of Anaplasma marginale/A. ovis, A. phagocytophilum, Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., Babesia/Theileria spp., Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) (s.l.), and Rickettsia spp. DNA by PCR.Results: Anaplasma spp. DNA was detected in 33 (43.4 %) cervids (31 red deer and two fallow deer) and in two (3.1 %) wild boars while Theileria spp. were found in 34 (44.7 %) cervids (32 red deer and two fallow deer) and in three (4.6 %) wild boar blood samples. Sequence analysis of msp4 sequences identified A. marginale, A. ovis, while the analysis of rDNA sequence data disclosed the presence of A. platys and A. phagocytophilum and T. capreoli and Theileria sp. OT3. Anaplasma spp./Theileria spp. mixed infections were found in 17 cervids (22.4 %) and in two wild boars (3.1 %). All samples were negative for Babesia sp., B. burgdorferi (s.l.), Ehrlichia sp. or Rickettsia sp.Conclusions: This is the first detection of Anaplasma marginale, A. ovis, A. phagocytophilum, A. platys, Theileria capreoli and Theileria sp. OT3 in cervids and wild boars from Portugal. Further studies concerning the potential pathogenicity of the different species of Anaplasma and Theileria infecting wild ungulates, the identification of their vector range, and their putative infectivity to domestic livestock and humans should be undertaken

Macro-scale (biomes) differences in neotropical stream processes and community structure

The definition of conservation strategies and ecological assessment schemes requires understanding ecosystem patterns over multiple spatial scales. This study aimed to determine if macro-scale structural and functional (processes) patterns associated with stream ecosystems differed among three neotropical biomes (Cerrado, Amazon, Atlantic Forest). We compared the aquatic communities (benthic invertebrates and hyphomycetes) and processes (decomposition rates, primary production and biofilms growth and aquatic hyphomycetes reproduction rates-sporulation) of Cerrado stream sites (neotropical savannah) against those of stream sites in the connecting biomes of the Atlantic Forest and Amazon (rainforests). We expected that, contrary to the biome dependency hypothesis the community structure and processes rates of streams at the biome-scale would not differ significantly, because those ecosystems are strongly influenced by their dense riparian forests, which have a transitional character among the three biomes. Fifty-three stream sites were selected covering a wide range of geographic locations (Table 1), from near the Equator (2° S) in the Amazon, to intermediate latitudes in the Cerrado (12-19° S), and latitudes closer to the tropic of Capricorn in the Atlantic Forest (19º-25° S). We found that: 1) at the abiotic level, the aquatic ecosystems of the three biomes differed, which was mostly explained by large-scale factors such as temperature, precipitation and altitude; 2) functional and structural variables did not behave similarly among biomes: decomposition and sporulation rates showed larger differences among biomes than invertebrate and aquatic hyphomycete assemblages structure; 3) invertebrate assemblages structure differed between the rainforests and Cerrado but not between rainforests (Amazon and Atlantic Forest) whereas aquatic hyphomycetes were similar among all biomes; 4) biofilm growth and algae concentration in biofilms of artificial substrates were highly variable within biomes and not significantly different between biomes. Overall, aquatic ecosystem processes and community structure differed across biomes, being influenced by climatic variables, but the variation is not as pronounced as that described for terrestrial systems. Considering the potential use of these functional and structural indicators in national-wide ecological assessments, our results indicate the need to define different reference values for different biomes, depending on the variable used. The approach followed in this study allowed an integrative analysis and comparison of the stream ecosystems across three tropical biomes, being the first study of this kind. Future studies should try to confirm the patterns evidenced here with more sites from other areas of the three biomes, and especially from the Amazon, which was the least represented biome in our investigation. © 201