Gold and Silver joining technologies in the Moche Tombs “Señor de Sipán” and “Señora de Cao jewelery

About 200 gold and silver funerary ornaments from the Moche tombs “Señor de Sipán” and “Señora de Cao” were analyzed to determine their metallurgic characteristics. Of particular interest was the question about the gold-silver joining process. To this aim, following methods were employed, all based on the use of X-rays: - energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence; - transmission of monoenergetic fluorescent X-rays; - radiography. At least three joining methods were possibly identified: - of gluing gold and silver sheets; - of brazing using a proper solder; - of using a mercury amalgam

Jornal o semeador: um centenário propagador da fé católica

Este trabalho procura mostrar a importância do Jornal O Semeador para a história da cidade de Maceió, uma vez que o mesmo é o periódico mais antigo da capital e que ainda permanece em circulação. Apresenta uma reflexão acerca da utilização da comunicação no âmbito eclesial que a considera uma ferramenta para a evangelização e anúncio da palavra de Deus. Foi realizada pesquisa, por meio de questionários, em dez paróquias da capital alagoana, dentre as trinta, que recebem os exemplares quinzenalmente para a efetiva circulação e venda. Ainda foram efetivadas entrevistas com responsáveis anteriores e atuais do Jornal O Semeador sobre a sua elaboração e circulação e verificado in loco o ambiente de sua elaboração. A pesquisa contou também com o resgate histórico de O Semeador, onde se constatou a sua presença e influência nos campos sociais, políticos e religiosos de Maceió em todo o seu trajeto histórico. A partir dos resultados dos dados coletados percebeu-se a necessidade de sugerir aprimoração do referido jornal, onde foi proposta uma nova formatação em sua diagramação e conteúdos, para que o mesmo se torne mais atrativo e procurado pela população maceioenses

In vitro microtomography evaluation of the implant-abutment interface - Gap microtomography evaluation/ Avaliação da microtomografia in vitro da interface implante-pilar - Avaliação da microtomografia de Gap

Objectives: To evaluate in vitro the micromorphological differences of the prosthetic implant-abutment interface in two screw implant systems and a friction one.Materials and methods: Two screw implants (Group 1- Crossfit Internal Connection, Group 2- Tapered Internal Connection), a compressed friction implant (Group 3 - Frictional Connection), and their corresponding prosthetic components were used. The implants were individually fixed in an acrylic resin cylinder and the abutments were positioned with the torque recommended by the manufacturer and taken into a SkyScan 1173 microtomograph. In each implant-abutment image, the regions of interest evaluated were cervical area, abutment area, screw area, and abutment and screw area (G1-G2). In group 3, the cervical and abutment areas were measured. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA, Robust ANOVA, and Post Hoc Tukey’s test.Results: In the cervical region, only the samples from group 2 presented maladaptation (12.5 ± 7.0 µm). In the abutment area, the samples from groups 1 (159.6 ± 6.2 µm) and 2 (149.9 ± 9.1 µm) were statistically similar. In the screw area and the abutment and screw area, group 1 had a larger contact surface compared to group 2 but they were statistically similar.Conclusion: The samples from groups 1 and 3 did not present micro-spaces in the cervical third. Nevertheless, the samples from group 2 presented a mismatch in this region but within the acceptable limits found in the literature

Sealing Carious Fissures with Resin Infiltrant in Association with a Flowable Composite Reduces Immediate Microleakage?

Objective: To compare the immediate microleakage of carious fissures sealed with a caries infiltrant covered by a flowable composite or solely with a flowable composite. Material and Methods: Extracted carious molars (n=20) were selected and paired among the experimental groups according to caries progression scores. Experimental groups (n=10) were divided according to  the following sealing techniques: 1) caries infiltrant (Icon) + flowable composite (Z350 flow); 2) flowable composite (Z350 flow). Specimens were immersed in 3% methylene blue and evaluated in a stereomicroscope. Microleakage scores were attributed independently by two calibrated evaluators and the mode value was considered as the mean for the specimen. Binomial tests were used to test differences between two independent sample proportions at 5% significance level. Results: In the flowable composite group, a higher prevalence of dye penetration along the full depth of the fissure was observed, compared with caries infiltrant + flowable composite (p<0.05). For specimens showing dye penetration up to half of the fissure, in caries infiltrant + flowable composite group, all specimens showed dye penetration into the sealant, but not over the infiltrant. Conclusion: Using caries infiltrant as sealing material under a flowable composite cover is effective to improve the immediate sealing ability in carious fissures compared to sealing with flowable composite

Oral and maxillofacial lesions in older individuals and associated factors : a retrospective analysis of cases retrieved in two different services

Studies on the oral and maxillofacial lesions (OMLs) in older people usually assess data of laboratory services and data from oral medicine clinic have been poorly described. The aim of this study was to describe and to compare OMLs in older individuals considering two data sources, besides to assess associated factors with the three most frequent lesions. A retrospective study was conducted with individuals aged 60 years or older. Data of individuals and lesions reported in both services were collected. Univariate analysis was used to test the association between the occurrence of the lesion and the independent variables. The level of significance was set at 5%. A total of 1,695 (37.3%) records were from the Oral Medicine clinic and 2,848 (62.7%) from the Laboratory service. Inflammatory/reactive lesion group was the most frequent in both services (40.4% in Oral Medicine Clinic and in 44.2% Laboratory). The second and third groups of lesions in the Oral Medicine clinic were infectious diseases (18.5%), and variations of normality (10.8%), while in the laboratorial service were the malignant neoplasms (17.6%) and potentially malignant disorders (13.3%). Differences between services regarding the frequency of lesion groups occurred (p<0.05), except for pigmented (p=0.054) and infectious (p=0.054) groups. Females (OR: 2.08; CI: 1.81?2.39) and individuals who wore a removable prosthesis (OR: 3.99; CI: 2.83?5.62) were also likely to have inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. Old?old individuals (OR: 1.70; CI: 1.30?2.21), male (OR: 3.63; CI: 3.00?4.39), smoking (OR: 6.05; CI: 4.84?7.56) or alcohol use (OR: 3.95; CI: 3.12?5.01) were likely to have squamous cell carcinoma. The results showed different frequencies of OMLs in older individuals according to the data sources and age group. The findings are important to direct public policies for this age group

The human endosalpinx : anatomical three-dimensional study and reconstruction using confocal microtomography

Purpose: To evaluate in three dimensions (3D) the human endosalpinx and reconstruct its surface along its different anatomical segments, without the injection or insertion of luminal contrasts, using confocal microtomography (micro-CT). Material and methods: 15 fallopian tubes (FT) from 14 women in reproductive age from procedures for benign disease or sterilization were selected. The specimens were fixed in formalin and stained with Lugol solution. Micro-CT studies were conducted on the specimens using protocols adapted from biological studies, to acquire images to reconstruct in 3D the endosalpinx surface. Results: From these specimens, 6 presented the intra-mural segment, 14 presented the isthmus and 15 presented the ampulla and fimbria segment of the FT. The specimen presented tissue definition, and contrast sufficient for FT endosalpinx morphological analysis and lumen definition. The intramural portion presented initially a mucosal projection toward the lumen, bending on its own axis, and increased numbers of projections towards the isthmic portion, where the projections become longer more numerous. The endosalpinx becomes more tortuous, the lumen diameter increases and the mucosal projections become more bulky in the ampullary portion, with the projections less present on the antimesenteric side. The infundibular portion is marked with the organized and predictable endosalpinx, the abdominal ostium is cleared demonstrated, with the reduction of the endosalpinx volume. The fimbria demonstrated a small relation between fringes and intratubal endosalpinx. Conclusions: Microscopic anatomy of different segments of the human FT mucosa can be analyzed and reconstructed in 3D with histological correlation using micro-CT

The Influence of Dentin Age and the Presence of Cracks in Removal of the Root Filling Material

Introduction: This study evaluated the removal of the filling material during endodontic retreatment considering the presence of cracks and the dentin age. Methods and Materials: A total of 20 freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were categorized into the following two groups according to the age of the patients: Group Young (Y; aged 18-30 years) and Group Old (O; aged ≥60 years). Each tooth specimen was scanned by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) subsequently after endodontic retreatment with the Reciproc instruments (REC). The images were analyzed for differences in the volume of dentin cracks and the presence of the filling material in the middle and apical thirds of the teeth among the groups, according to the dentin age. Results: The micro-CT images showed that after retreatment, there were more cracks in the old root dentin than those in the young root dentin, although the difference was not statistically significant (P&gt;0.05). The greatest reduction in the filling material was achieved when the old root dentin with cracks was retreated when compared with that of the young root dentin with cracks, but the difference was not statistically significant (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The dentinal age and the presence of cracks were not found to be relevant factors for the removal of the filling material.Keywords: Dentin; Microcomputed Tomography; Retreatmen

Comparison Between Radiographs, White and Fluorescent Images in the Diagnosis and Treatment Decisions for Occlusal Caries: An Ex Vivo Study

Objective: To compare the agreement of images in white light (WL), fluorescence (FL), and digital radiographs (DR), on the diagnosis and treatment decisions for occlusal caries lesions against a micro-CT gold standard. Material and Methods: Ten extracted third molars, with enamel and/or dentin caries (ICDAS 2-4), were included. Occlusal surface images were acquired with an intraoral camera (SoproLife®) in WL and FL modes. DR was obtained using an intraoral X-ray and a semi-direct digital system. A total of 780 images were needed, organized in a template, to be later examined by twenty-six dentists invited to compose the study. The Generalized Estimation Equations model was used to compare the proportions of the correct answers between the three methods and the gold standard. When significant, Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to identify differences (α=5%). Results: Most of the examiners were specialists (76.9%) with 14.5 years of experience. All diagnostic methods were similar and showed low agreement (DR 12.7%, WL 16.5%, and FL 16.5%) compared with gold standard caries diagnostic scores. Regarding treatment decisions, mean agreement for all diagnostic methods was higher (43.2%; p&lt;0.001), and among all methods, WL (48.1%) and FL (51.2%) modes performed better than DR (30.4%, p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: SoproLife® images could help clinicians to propose rational, minimally invasive treatments for occlusal caries lesions

SIMULAÇÃO DE UM DETECTOR FLAT PANEL UTILIZANDO O CÓDIGO DE MONTE CARLO MCNPX

O objetivo deste trabalho é modelar, através do código MCNPX e de dados experimentais, a resposta de um detector Flat Panel por conversão indireta. Para tal, aspectos como a curva de sensibilidade do Cintilador, o Ruido, bem como a calibração do valor dos pixels simulados por dados experimentais serão abordados. A comparação entre resultados experimentais e os simulados mostraram diferenças inferiores a 10%, mostrando que o sistema de detecção simulado consegue reproduzir valores de pixels próximos aos obtidos com sistema de detecção digital do tipo Flat Panel de 16 bits

Efficacy of 30% and 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride in Arresting Caries Lesions After Different Application Times: An in Vitro Study

Objective:&nbsp;To evaluate the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in arresting dentin caries lesions when applied under different concentrations and times.&nbsp;Material and Methods:&nbsp;Forty-two bovine blocks were selected and fixed in 24-well plates. Each well received a mixed bacterial inoculum added to the culture medium with 5% sucrose. The plates were incubated in microaerophilia (7 days) for caries formation, confirmed by micro-CT (M1). SDF was applied over the carious lesions for different times and concentrations (n=6): SDF 30% - immediate removal, 1 minute and 3 minutes; SDF 38%, - immediate removal, 1 minute and 3 minutes. The group without treatment was the control. Then, the samples were again scanned by micro-CT (M2) and submitted to a second cariogenic challenge for 21 days. Then, a final scan was performed (M3).&nbsp;Results:&nbsp;Mean pH at the culture medium and lesion depth were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. 38% SDF showed the lowest metabolic activity of the biofilm. All 38% groups and 30% 1 and 3 minutes did not show an increase in mean lesion depth comparing M3 with M1. However, only 30% 3 minutes and 38% 1 and 3 minutes showed a significant reduction of lesion depth.&nbsp;Conclusion:&nbsp;The minimum application time of 30% SDF to arrest dentin caries lesion was 1 minute, while 38% SDF arrested with application and immediate removal