Arsênio na água subterrânea em Ouro Preto e Mariana, Quadrilátero Ferrífero (MG)

In the Iron Quadrangle region the public supply of water is done mainly by the impound of water of watersheds. However, in some places, the population use spring water or ground water from closed mines for human consumption. The main natural sources of As in the Iron Quadrangle are related to the rocks that contain lode gold deposits. The antropic sources of As are contaminated refuse piles, soil, and sediment. It was found total As concentration varying from 2 to 2,980 µg/L and As3+ from 1 to 86 µg/L in water samples collected in underground gold mines, artesian wells, and springs in Ouro Preto and Mariana counties. Based on geological and hydrogeochemical studies of the occurrence of As in rocks and groundwater, it was found that the highest As concentrations occurred in aquifers hosted in carbonate sulphide rich rocks. The As monitoring in underground water should be done periodically, independent of its absence in a first instance, in wells and other groundwater caption sources that are used nowadays for public or private suppliers.No Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF), o abastecimento público de água é feito principalmente com a aptação de águas das bacias hidrográficas. Entretanto, em alguns locais, há a utilização de água subterrânea, proveniente de nascentes ou mesmo de minas abandonadas, para o abastecimento humano. As principais fontes naturais de As no QF estão relacionadas às rochas que hospedam depósitos auríferos sulfetados. As fontes antrópicas de As são as pilhas de rejeito, solos e sedimentos contaminados. Em águas coletadas em algumas minas auríferas subterrâneas e nascentes das regiões de Ouro Preto e Mariana, foram encontradas concentrações de As total variando de 2 a 2980µg/L e de As3+ de 1 até 86 µg/L. Com base nos estudos geológicos e hidrogeoquímicos da ocorrência de As, nas rochas e nas águas subterrâneas, observou-se que as maiores concentrações de As são encontradas nos aqüíferos hospedados em rochas que possuem sulfetos e carbonatos, embora as concentrações dos aqüíferos que possuem somente sulfetos também foram elevadas. O monitoramento de As na água subterrânea deve ser periódico, independentemente de sua ausência num primeiro momento, nos poços e em outras fontes de captações de águas subterrâneas atualmente em utilização no abastecimento público ou privado5714551In the Iron Quadrangle region the public supply of water is done mainly by the impound of water of watersheds. However, in some places, the population use spring water or ground water from closed mines for human consumption. The main natural sources of As in the Iron Quadrangle are related to the rocks that contain lode gold deposits. The antropic sources of As are contaminated refuse piles, soil, and sediment. It was found total As concentration varying from 2 to 2,980 µg/L and As3+ from 1 to 86 µg/L in water samples collected in underground gold mines, artesian wells, and springs in Ouro Preto and Mariana counties. Based on geological and hydrogeochemical studies of the occurrence of As in rocks and groundwater, it was found that the highest As concentrations occurred in aquifers hosted in carbonate sulphide rich rocks. The As monitoring in underground water should be done periodically, independent of its absence in a first instance, in wells and other groundwater caption sources that are used nowadays for public or private supplier

Antibody-cytokeratin marker 34βe12 In prostate cancer detection

The histological diagnosis of prostate cancer is commonly based on morphological patterns. The presence of malignant tissue mixed with benign tissue, or the presence of carcinoma that mimics benignity may generate difficulty in the diagnostic elucidation. Therefore, the application of immunohistochemistry contributes its diagnostic value. Objectives: To evaluate the 34βE12 marker in the detection of adenocarcinoma (ADn), atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAp), regular prostatic tissue (RPT) and regular prostatic tissue alternated by atrophy spotlights (RPTa) in transrectal biopsy guided by ultrasonography of patients with suspected prostate cancer. Method: Analysis of 34 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy with subsequent analysis by H&E staining and 34βE12 labeling for elucidation of neoplasms or diseased tissues with doubtful diagnosis. Results: The marker 34βE12 showed negativity in 100% of the neoplasms ADn, positivity in 100% of the benign prostatic tissues (RPT and RPTa); the patients with ASAp presented positivity (20%) and negativity (80%). The chi-square test (χ)² showed that there is an association (χ ²= 29.55 and p < 0.0001) between the groups, that is, the 34βE12 marker has a significant value (p < 0.0001) in the elucidation of patients with prostatic neoplasia and benign prostatic tissues. Discussion and Conclusion: With the early screening of prostate cancer in the modern era, pathologists have become increasingly challenged to diagnose small outbreaks of cancer when only a few atypical glands are present in transrectal biopsy-guided ultrasonography. The 34βE12 marker becomes an important tool in elucidating diagnoses such as ADn and ASAp

The Role of Salivary and Intestinal Complement System Inhibitors in the Midgut Protection of Triatomines and Mosquitoes

Saliva of haematophagous arthropods contain biomolecules involved directly or indirectly with the haematophagy process, and among them are encountered some complement system inhibitors. The most obvious function for these inhibitors would be the protection of the midgut against injury by the complement. To investigate this hypothesis, Triatoma brasiliensis nymphs were forced to ingest human serum in conditions in which the protection of midgut by the inhibitors is bypassed. In these conditions, the anterior midgut epithelium was injured by the complement, causing cell death. Once some insects such as Aedes aegypti have no salivary inhibitors, we hypothesized the existence of intestinal inhibitors. The inhibitory activity was investigated in the intestine of A. aegypti as well as in the saliva and intestine of other three triatomine species (T. brasiliensis, T. infestans and Rhodnius prolixus) using an immunological method able to determine the level of deposition of some complement factors (C1q, C3b, or C4b) on the surface of complement activator molecules linked to microplates. This methodology permitted to identify which points along the activation phase of the complement cascade were inhibited. As expected, soluble contents of A. aegypti's intestine was capable to inhibit C3b deposition by the classical and alternative pathways. Saliva or soluble intestinal contents, obtained from triatomines were unable to inhibit C1q deposition by the classical pathway. C4b deposition by the classical pathway was inhibited by the intestinal contents from the three triatomines. On the other hand, only T. brasiliensis saliva inhibited C4b deposition. Both, saliva and intestinal contents from all triatomines were able to inhibit C3b deposition in the classical and alternative pathways. None of the material extracted from the intestinal cell membranes from the triatomines inhibited C3b deposition in the classical pathway. The existence of complement inhibitors may have important biological consequences which are discussed in detail

Tratamento cirúrgico de fratura alta de ramo mandibular: relato de caso / Surgical treatment of high mandibular ramus fracture: a case report

Introdução: Apesar da mandíbula ser um dos ossos mais afetados nos traumatismos faciais, as fraturas de ramo mandibular continuam sendo uma das fraturas menos prevalentes do arcabouço facial. Várias técnicas podem ser aplicadas para tratar tais injúrias, porém não há um consenso quanto ao tipo de tratamento a ser estabelecido em cada caso. Objetivo: relatar o caso clínico de um paciente vítima de agressão física, que evoluiu com uma fratura alta do ramo mandibular, bem como discutir as possibilidades de tratamento para essas fraturas. Relato de caso: paciente do sexo masculino, 26 anos de idade, vítima de agressão física e cursando com fratura alta de ramo mandibular esquerdo, que foi submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico aberto, através de acesso cirúrgico retromandibular e fixação com placas e parafusos do sistema 2.0 mm. Discussão: As fraturas do ramo mandibular podem implicar em sequelas importantes, logo, a escolha do tratamento deve levar em consideração os possíveis danos às estruturas adjacentes e os riscos do procedimento. A tomada de decisão quanto ao tipo de tratamento deve ser feita de forma racional e embasada na evidência científica. Considerações finais: Ainda não há um consenso na literatura sobre qual o método mais indicado para o tratamento das fraturas dos ramos mandibulares. Cada caso deve ser avaliado cuidadosamente, levando em consideração todos os aspectos relacionados a função mandibular, estética, riscos e complicações que envolve cada técnica cirúrgica

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure &lt;= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Spatial and Temporal Activity Analysis in East Coast over northeast Brazilian Region

Extreme precipitation events geneses over East coast Northeast Brazilian (NEB) region in June 2004 were used to better understanding objective to analyzed producing rainy systems acting over region, evaluating their causes, consequences and skil forecast. Analyses were made using MM5 model, developed for Pennsylvania State University (PSU) in National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR). During initial study over june month, were selected intense precipitation episodes over NEB coast, choose on 1st. day by intensified precipitation event, using divergence flux charts for selected levels, horizontal and vertical motions by specific parametrization options to explicit moisture schemes graupel (reisner2), cumulus schemes Kain&Fritsh 2(KF2) and Shallow Convection(activated). MM5 sensitivity still initial study using divergence and vorticity standards performance to characterize acumulated convective and non-convective precipitations. Through sea surface temperature like source to atmospheric humidity were studied regional fenomenologic analysis based on MM5 model and observed satellite images descriptions to indicate convective motions importance over continental and oceanic regions where near coast convergence and precipitation patterns showing a good agreement. Were observed near Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte states strong convective activity probable due to trade winds.Pages: 1723-172

Submental intubation in oral maxillofacial surgery : review of the literature and analysis of 13 cases

Objectives: Various different methods of intubation are suitable for facial trauma cases. A choice often has to be made between orotracheal and nasotracheal when surgical access to the nasal or oral cavity is necessary. This work presents our current experience using submental intubation in the airway management of facial trauma patients. Study design: From July 2003 to February 2005, 13 sufferers from facial trauma benefited from submental intubation. All the patients were males and the ages ranged from 19 to 35 years (mean, 27 years). Results: In all the patients, the submental intubation permitted simultaneous reduction and fixation of all fractures and intraoperative control of the dental occlusion without interference from the tube during the operation. There was only one intra-operative complication, when the tracheal pressure increased as a result of deviation and compression of the tube. No post-operative complications were reported. Conclusion: Submental intubation is a simple, secure and effective procedure for operative airway control in major maxillofacial traumas