A 802.11p prototype implementation

This paper presents an IEEE 802.11p full-stack prototype implementation to data exchange among vehicles and between vehicles and the roadway infrastructures. The prototype architecture is based on FPGAs for Intermediate Frequency (IF) and base band purposes, using 802.11a based transceivers for RF interfaces. Power amplifiers were also addressed, by using commercial and in-house solutions. This implementation aims to provide technical solutions for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) field, namely for tolling and traffic management related services, in order to promote safety, mobility and driving comfort through the dynamic and real-time cooperation among vehicles and/or between vehicles and infrastructures. The performance of the proposed scheme is tested under realistic urban and suburban driving conditions. Preliminary results are promising, since they comply with most of the 802.11p standard requirements

The Use of CloudSat Data to Characterize The Microphysical Structure of Extreme Precipitation Events over South and Southeast of Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a estrutura microfísica das nuvens de eventos de precipitação extrema nas regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil. Sete casos foram estudados com dados do satélite CloudSat, através de seu radar perfilador de 94 GHz, complementados com estimativas de precipitação do satélite Aqua. Os parâmetros analisados foram: raio efetivo, conteúdo de água e concentração de partículas, cada uma para água líquida e gelo, criando um conjunto de seis variáveis. Nos aspectos gerais, os resultados revelaram eventos com predomínio de nuvens do tipo Nimbostratus, com altos valores de parâmetros de água líquida, e eventos com predomínio de nuvens Cumulonimbus, onde a presença de partículas de gelo assume papel mais importante na correlação com os extremos de precipitação. Perfis verticais no local de maior precipitação estimada foram analisados individualmente para cada caso, o que levou à separação de dois grupos de casos: Grupo A, com as maiores taxas estimadas de precipitação; e Grupo B, com as taxas relativamente menores. O Grupo A apresentou valores notadamente mais baixos para os parâmetros de água líquida na parte baixa da nuvem. Por exemplo, na altitude de 2 km, a média de raio efetivo ficou em torno de 5 µm, contra 10 µm no Grupo B. Na análise dos parâmetros de gelo, o Grupo A apresentou valores relativamente mais altos na parte alta da nuvem. O conteúdo de gelo alcançou máximos entre 1 e 1,5 gm-3, enquanto apenas um dos casos do Grupo B ultrapassou 0,5 gm-3. O topo das nuvens no Grupo A ficou em torno de 14 km, enquanto no Grupo B ficou entre 10 e 11 km. Os resultados encontrados são validados por observações obtidas em metodologias anteriores, que permitiam somente medidas locais. O CloudSat preenche os espaços, revelando a imagem completa. Será preciso expandir o número de casos estudados para que se encontre as assinaturas microfísicas de eventos extremos, e este trabalho contribui como ponto de partida para futuros estudos e até ferramentas operacionai

Influence of cervical preflaring and root canal preparation on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth

Background: Evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth after cervical preflaring and root canal preparation and to assess the volume of the root canal and the amount of remaining root dentin before and after cervical preflaring. Methods: Forty-four mandibular incisors were selected using micro-CT scanning and distributed into 4 groups (n = 11) according to the instrument used for cervical preflaring: control group - no cervical preflaring; Gates Glidden – burs size #2 and #3; WXN – 25.07 Navigator instrument; and Easy – 25.08 ProDesign S instrument. Coronal opening was performed, and the canals were prepared with Wave One Gold Primary and filled with an epoxy-resin based sealer and gutta-percha cones. Micro-CT scans were performed before and after root canal instrumentation. All images were reconstructed and assessed for the thickness of mesial and distal root dentin at 3 mm and 5 mm from the cement -enamel junction and for the volume of cervical portion of the canal after preparation. Fracture resistance test was performed applying compressive loads at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, applied on the palatal aspect of specimens at 135° along the long axis of the tooth. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (P = .05). Results: Cervical preflaring and canal preparation reduced the dentin thickness (P < .05) and increased the canal volume (P < .05) in all groups at 3 mm an 5 mm. Cervical preflaring with Gates Gliden burs reduced the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth (P < .05). Conclusions: All instruments reduced the dentin thickness and increased the canal volume in the cervical at 3 mm and 5 mm. Gates Glidden reduced fracture resistance of mandibular incisors submitted to cervical preflaring, whereas NiTi instruments did not

VII International Forum of Management – Madeira: book of proceedings

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

PO104 placebo and nocebo responses in RLS : a meta-analysis

Objective: Our goals were to estimate the placebo and nocebo responses in restless legs syndrome (RLS). Methods: Databases were searched up to October 2015. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of RLS patient were included. ‘Placebo response’ was defined as the within-group change from baseline, using any scale measuring RLS severity or disability. ‘Nocebo response’ was defined as the proportion of patients experiencing adverse events in the placebo arm. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool data. Results: We included 5046 participants. Pooled placebo response effect size was −1.41 (95%CI:−1.56-−1.25), corresponding to −6.58 points in the International RLS Study Group Scale (IRLS). Pooled nocebo response was 45.36% (95%CI:40.47%–50.29%). The placebo and nocebo responses were greater in trials with longer duration, evaluating pharmacological interventions and idiopathic RLS, and in industry funded and unpublished studies. The placebo response was considerable smaller in objective as compared to subjective outcomes. In addition, the nocebo response increases proportionally with the placebo response, and has the same predictors. Conclusions: The magnitude of the placebo response in RLS is above the threshold of minimal clinical important difference, and the frequency of adverse events is also considerable. These results are relevant to inform the design and interpretation of future clinical trials.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

“Biomarkers in a One Health perspective: current knowledge of their ability to merge human and animal health

Biomarkers are nowadays essential tools to be one step ahead for fighting disease, enabling an enhanced focus on disease prevention and on the probability of its occurrence. Research in a multidisciplinary approach has been an important step towards the repeated discovery of new biomarkers. Biomarkers are defined as biochemical measurable indicators of the presence of disease or as indicators for monitoring disease progression. Currently, biomarkers have been used in several domains such as oncology, neurology, cardiovascular, inflammatory and respiratory disease, and several endocrinopathies. Bridging biomarkers in a One Health perspective has been proven useful in almost all of these domains. In oncology, humans and animals are found to be subject to the same environmental and genetic predisposing factors: examples include the existence of mutations in BR-CA1 gene predisposing to breast cancer, both in human and dogs, with increased prevalence in certain dog breeds and human ethnic groups. Also, breast feeding frequency and duration has been related to a decreased risk of breast cancer in women and bitches. When it comes to infectious diseases, this parallelism is prone to be even more important, for as much as 75% of all emerging diseases are believed to be zoonotic. Examples of successful use of biomarkers have been found in several zoonotic diseases such as Ebola, dengue, leptospirosis or West Nile virus infections. Acute Phase Proteins (APPs) have been used for quite some time as biomarkers of inflammatory conditions. These have been used in human health but also in the veterinary field such as in mastitis evaluation and PRRS (porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome) diagnosis. Advantages rely on the fact that these biomarkers can be much easier to assess than other conventional disease diagnostic approaches (example: measured in easy to collect saliva samples). Another domain in which biomarkers have been essential is food safety: the possibility to measure exposure to chemical contaminants or other biohazards present in the food chain, which are sometimes analytical challenges due to their low bioavailability in body fluids, is nowadays a major breakthrough. Finally, biomarkers are considered the key to provide more personalized therapies, with more efficient outcomes and fewer side effects. This approach is expected to be the correct path to follow also in veterinary medicine, in the near future

Effect of A Clinical-Replicable Cooling Protocol on the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Instruments

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bending and cyclic fatigue resistance of Wave One Gold (WOG) and X1 Blue (X1B) instruments when tested at body temperature (36° ± 1°C) subjected or not to an alloy cooling protocol. Methods and Materials: Twenty instruments of each system (n=40) were selected and divided into two groups: body temperature (BT); body temperature with cooling protocol (CP). Cyclic fatigue test was performed until fracture in a custom stainless-steel device with water bath equipment to simulate body temperature. CP group instruments were subjected to 5 seconds of spray cooling at every 30 seconds. Time to fracture was recorded. Resistance to bending at 45o was evaluated using ten instruments of each system. Fractured surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using Student t test at 5% significance level. Results: WOG instruments had significantly less cyclic fatigue resistance compared to X1B instruments in BT (P=0.00001) and CP (P=0.0001) groups. Significantly increased resistance was observed in X1B instruments (P=0.0003) and in WOG (P=0.0003) when cooling protocol was applied. There were no significant differences between the values of resistance increase presented by the instruments after cooling (P&gt;0.05). Bending test presented no statistically significant differences between the tested instruments (P&gt;0.05). Both instruments in both groups showed typical features of cyclic fatigue behavior under SEM. Conclusions: Cooling protocol extended the cyclic fatigue resistance of both instruments

Formação de Professores em Ambiente Digital: uma Experiência Interdisciplinar.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a pesquisa realizada em 2003, no Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação - Currículo da PUCSP, visando a construção e implementação de uma disciplina de pós-graduação totalmente a distância, procurando responder a alguns princípios assim formulados: realização de pesquisa interdisciplinar, produção científica, publicações, interação entre os participantes (interaprendizagem), participação em comunidades virtuais de aprendizagem, mediação pedagógica, produção individual e coletiva. Apresentamos o programa e o desenvolvimento da disciplina, a utilização das ferramentas da plataforma TelEduc, a estrutura dinâmica das pesquisas, debates e produções de documentos individuais e coletivos durante o decorrer da disciplina. Fazemos uma análise deste projeto exploratório, e indicamos algumas considerações finais. Por último, apresentamos também produções significativas de professores e alunos resultantes desta disciplina

An in vivo radiographic evaluation of the accuracy of Apex and iPex electronic Apex locators

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the clinical applicability of two electronic apex locators (EALs) - Apex (Septodont) and iPex (NSK) - in different groups of human teeth by using radiography. The working lengths (WLs) of 100 root canals were determined electronically. The EAL to be used first was chosen randomly and a K-file was inserted into the root canal until the EAL display indicated the location of the apical constriction (0 mm). The K-file was fixed to the tooth and a periapical radiograph was taken using a radiographic film holder. The K-file was removed and the WL was measured. The same procedure was repeated using the other EAL. Radiographs were examined with the aid of a light-box with lens of ×4 magnification by two blinded experienced endodontists. The distance between the file tip and the root apex was recorded as follows: (A) +1 to 0 mm, (B) -0.1 to 0.5 mm, (C) -0.6 to 1 mm, (D) -1.1 to 1.5 mm, and (E) -1.6 mm or greater. For statistical purposes, these scores were divided into 2 subgroups according to the radiographic apex: acceptable (B, C, and D) and non-acceptable (A and E). Statistically significant differences were not found between the results of Apex and iPex in terms of acceptable and non-acceptable measurements (p>0.05) or in terms of the distance recorded from file tip and the radiographic apex (p>0.05). Apex and iPex EALs provided reliable measurements for WL determination for endodontic therapy