Evaluation of different rotary devices on bone repair in rabbits

In oral surgery, the quality of bone repair may be influenced by several factors that can increase the morbidity of the procedure. The type of equipment used for ostectomy can directly affect bone healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone repair of mandible bone defects prepared in rabbits using three different rotary devices. Fifteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=5) according to type of rotary device used to create bone defects: I - pneumatic low-speed rotation engine, II - pneumatic high-speed rotation engine, and III - electric low-speed rotation engine. The anatomic pieces were surgically obtained after 2, 7 and 30 days and submitted to histological and morphometric analysis. The morphometric results were expressed as the total area of bone remodeling matrix using an image analysis system. Increases in the bone remodeling matrix were noticed with time along the course of the experiment. No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were observed among the groups at the three sacrificing time points considering the total area of bone mineralized matrix, although the histological analysis showed a slightly advanced bone repair in group III compared to the other two groups. The findings of the present study suggest that the type of rotary device used in oral and maxillofacial surgery does not interfere with the bone repair process.A ostectomia é uma manobra cirúrgica fundamental que pode afetar a reparação tecidual de modo a aumentar a morbidade do procedimento. O tipo de equipamento e/ou instrumental utilizado para a ostectomia pode influenciar diretamente no reparo ósseo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o processo de reparação óssea em defeitos realizados em mandíbula de coelho com três diferentes equipamentos. Quinze coelhos foram aleatoriamente divididos em 3 grupos (n=5) de acordo com o equipamento usado para preparacão de 3 cavidades ósseas com brocas padronizadas: I) motor de baixa rotação pneumático, II) motor de alta rotação pneumático e III) motor de baixa rotação elétrico, todos com refrigeração constante. Após os períodos experimentais de 2, 7e 30 dias, as peças anatômicas foram removidas e submetidas a análises microscópica e histomorfométrica. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0,05) entre os grupos nos 3 períodos experimentais, considerando-se a área total de matriz óssea mineralizada, embora a análise microscópica tenha revelado uma tendência a um processo de reparação óssea um pouco mais adiantado no grupo III, quando comparado aos demais grupos. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o tipo de equipamento rotatório utilizado em cirurgia bucomaxilofacial não interfere no reparo ósseo.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Sacred Heart University Department of Oral SurgeryFederal University of São Paulo Department of Health SciencesUNIFESP, Department of Health SciencesSciEL

Photoelastic analysis of conventional and locking system for treatment of mandibular angle fractures with a single plate

This photoelastic analysis evaluated stress distribution in different osteosynthesis systems, conventional and locking, used for treatment of mandibular angle fractures with a single plate. Angle fractures were simulated in mandibles made of photoelasti

Complications of zygomatic implants: a review of scientific evidence

Background: Despite the technological advances the zygomatic implants (ZI) and its proven success, this rehabilitation option is sensitive, not a routine in dental practice, requiring technical mastery, surgical experience, and in-depth anatomical knowledge, which makes it quite susceptible to complications. In addition, little is discussed about these disorders, whether immediate or late, although they are essential knowledge for the surgeons who perform this procedure. Aim: The objective of the study was to answer the question through literature review: "Are there surgical complications in zygomatic implants?" As well as to argue the main intercurrences found. Material and Methods: The review of the literature was conducted on PubMed/Medline, Cochrane and SciELO using the descriptors: “Complications” or “Failure” and “Zygomatic Implants”. The included articles were observational studies that related ZI and complications. The initial research identified 448 articles, but 42 of them that mentioned complications associated with ZI were considered in this study.  Results: The most common complication is sinusitis followed by peri-implantitis, problems with the prosthetic connection, fistula towards the implant, paresthesia, hematoma, lip laceration, ecchymosis, penetration of the orbital cavity, aspergillosis, intracranial penetration, and intraorbital hemorrhage. 44 out of 2835 ZIs placed in immediate or late loading were lost (1.5%). There were 223 minor or major complications in the 2827 implants (7.86%).  Conclusions: The low morbidity of this treatment for maxillary atrophy, there are some immediate and late complications to be considered in the choice of rehabilitation treatment and that these should be reported preoperatively to the patients. Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos dos implantes zigomáticos (ZI) e de seu sucesso comprovado, essa opção de reabilitação é sensível, não uma rotina na prática odontológica, exigindo domínio técnico, experiência cirúrgica e conhecimento anatômico profundo, o que a torna bastante suscetível a complicações. Além disso, pouco se discute sobre essas complicações, imediatas ou tardias, embora sejam conhecimentos essenciais para os cirurgiões que realizam esse procedimento. Objetivo: Responder à questão através de revisão da literatura: "Existem complicações cirúrgicas nos implantes zigomáticos?" Além de discutir as principais intercorrências encontradas. Material e Métodos: A revisão da literatura foi realizada no PubMed / Medline, Cochrane e SciELO usando os descritores: “Complications” or “Failure” and “Zygomatic Implants”. Os artigos incluídos foram estudos observacionais que relacionaram ZI e complicações. A pesquisa inicial identificou 448 artigos, mas 42 deles que mencionaram complicações associadas à ZI foram considerados neste estudo. Resultados: A complicação mais comum é sinusite seguida de peri-implantite, problemas na conexão protética, fístula em direção ao implante, parestesia, hematoma, laceração labial, equimoses, penetração da cavidade orbital, aspergilose, penetração intracraniana e hemorragia intraorbital. 44 de 2835 ZIs colocados em carregamento imediato ou tardio foram perdidos (1,5%). Houve 223 complicações menores ou maiores nos 2827 implantes (7,86%). Conclusões: A baixa morbidade deste tratamento para atrofia maxilar, existem algumas complicações imediatas e tardias a serem consideradas na escolha do tratamento de reabilitação e que devem ser relatadas no pré-operatório aos pacientes

Three-dimensional assessment of the posterior airway space in subjects with cleft lip/palate and maxillomandibular discrepancy: preliminary results

Purpose: Patients with repaired cleft lip and palate usually develop a characteristic concave profile due to retroposition of the atresic maxilla resulting from maxillary growth restriction caused by primary plastic surgeries. These anatomical changes frequently reduce internal nasal dimension, increase nasal patency and may result in oral breathing in a significant number of patients. Reduced posterior airway space (PAS) and reduced nasal dimensions are characteristics also observed in patients with maxillomandibular discrepancy, even without cleft. Therefore, respiratory complaints are frequently observed and, in severe cases, the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome can be present as a result of reduced PAS. As part of a larger project, this study aimed at assessing the PAS of subjects with Angle class III malocclusion + cleft lip/palate, as compared to subjects with Angle class III malocclusion and without cleft lip/palate. Methods: Cone beam computed tomography images of 4 subjects with class III malocclusion, divided into 2 groups, were retrospectively evaluated: G1-cleft lip/palate, and G2-without cleft. PAS volume (mm3) and minimum cross-sectional area (mm2) and were assessed in tomographic images by means of Dolphin Imaging 11.0 software. Results: The mean volume and minimum cross-sectional area of G1 corresponded to 12970mm3 and 96mm2, respectively. In G2, these values were slightly higher and corresponded to 13642mm3 and 107mm2. Conclusions: These data point out to a possible reduction of PAS in subjects with cleft lip and palate. However, these results are preliminary and a larger study is being conducted at the Laboratory of Physiology/HRAC-USP, in order to assess a more representative sample.CAPESPRODO

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Short-term administration of non-selective and selective cox-2 nsaids do not interfere with bone repair in rats

Selective cyclooxygenase-2 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are known to inhibit bone repair, especially when long-term administration is required due to chronicle inflammatory diseases. in order to evaluate the action of this drug in bone repair during short-term administration, 48 rats underwent surgical bone defects in their tibias, being randomly distributed into three groups: (Group 1) negative control; (Group 2) animals treated with celecoxib, and (Group 3) animals treated with ketoprofen, both experimental groups at 1 mg/kg dose, beginning 1 h before the surgical procedure and after every 12 h for the following 3 days, or until the day of sacrifice. the animals were killed after 48 h, 7, 14, and 21 days. the tibias were removed for morphological, morphometric, and immunohistochemistry analysis for COX-2. No statistical significant differences were observed in the quality of bone repair and quantity of formed bone among the groups. COX-2 immunoreactivity of the celecoxib treated specimens was more intense in the first analyzed period, and no longer observed in the periods of 14 and 21 days. Such results suggest that the administration of the analyzed drugs in short periods does not interfere with the process of bone repair in the tibia of rats.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biociencias, BR-11060000 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Sagrado Coracao, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Bauru, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biociencias, BR-11060000 Santos, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 04/09748-9Web of Scienc