Isolamento e atividade fermentativa de fungos anaeróbios do rúmen de vacas leiteiras

The possibility of biotechnological application of anaerobic fungi and their biomass-degrading enzymes has been a growing area of research and development over the past decade. In this context, the occurrence and isolation of rumen fungi were evaluated in three Holstein-Gir dairy cows grazing Urochloa spp., in addition to the fermentation capacity of theses isolates in media containing different carbohydrates. Motile zoospores were found in all of the rumen samples. Twelve fungal strains were recovered and were capable of degrading different carbohydrates and lignocellulosic components, suggesting that these strains are able to produce various degradative enzymes when grown on glucose, xylose, cellobiose, fructose, and cellulose. Results pointed out the first insight into the isolation of rumen anaerobic fungi in dairy cattle in Brazil and suggested that further studies are needed to show the potential of some species for commercial application, especially in tropical ruminants.A possibilidade de aplicação biotecnológica dos fungos anaeróbios, e suas enzimas de degradação de biomassa, tem sido uma área cada vez maior de pesquisa e desenvolvimento na última década. Neste contexto, a ocorrência e o isolamento de fungos ruminais foram avaliados em três vacas Holandês x Gir sob pastejo de Urochloa spp., além da capacidade de fermentação dos isolados em meios de cultura contendo diferentes fontes de carboidratos. Zoósporos móveis foram encontrados em todos os conteúdos ruminais analisadas. Doze isolados foram recuperados e todos foram capazes de degradar diferentes carboidratos e componentes lignocelulósicos, sugerindo que estes isolados são capazes de produzir várias enzimas degradativas. Estes resultados revelaram as primeiras descobertas sobre o isolamento de fungos anaeróbios ruminais em gado leiteiro no Brasil e sugere que estudos adicionais são necessários para evidenciar o potencial de algumas espécies para a aplicação comercial, principalmente em ruminantes tropicais

Bactérias tolerantes a taninos obtidas de vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu

The objective of this work was to isolate and characterize tannin-tolerant ruminal bacteria from crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows fed a chopped mixture of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), young stems of "angico-vermelho" (Parapiptadenia rigida), and banana tree (Musa sp.) leaves. A total of 117 bacteria strains were isolated from enrichment cultures of rumen microflora in medium containing tannin extracts. Of these, 11 isolates were able to tolerate up to 3 g L-1 of tannins. Classical characterization procedures indicated that different morphological and physiological groups were represented. Restriction fragments profiles using Alu1 and Taq1 of 1,450 bp PCR products from the 16S rRNA gene grouped the 11 isolates into types I to VI. Sequencing of 16S rRNA PCR products was used for identification. From the 11 strains studied, seven were not identifiable by the methods used in this work, two were strains of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and two of Streptococcus bovis.O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar e caracterizar bactérias ruminais tolerantes a taninos obtidas de vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu alimentadas com dieta composta por capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) picado com ramos novos de angico-vermelho (Parapiptadenia rigida) e folhas de bananeira (Musa sp.). Um total de 117 cepas bacterianas foram isoladas a partir de cultivos de enriquecimento da microbiota ruminal em meio contendo extrato de taninos. Destas, 11 foram capazes de tolerar até 3 g L-1 de taninos. Procedimentos clássicos de caracterização indicaram que diferentes grupos, morfológicos e fisiológicos, estavam representados. Perfis dos fragmentos de restrição com Alu1 e Taq1 dos produtos de PCR de 1.450 bp do gene 16S rRNA agruparam os 11 isolados nos tipos I a VI. O sequenciamento dos produtos PCR 16S rRNA foi utilizado para identificação. Das 11 estirpes estudadas, sete não foram identificáveis pelos métodos utilizados neste trabalho, duas eram estirpes de Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens e duas de Streptococcus bovis

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO STAPHYLOCOCCUS COAGULASE NEGATIVO ISOLADOS DE QUARTOS MAMÁRIOS DE VACAS COM MASTITE SUBCLÍNICA

SUMMARY The present work was carried out in the region of Zona da Mata-MG, Brazil, during three months. Sixteen crossbreed cows and nineteen Holstein-Friesian cows from four herds were used. The work aimed to characterize coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. from those animals. The mammary quarters which reacted positive with the California Mastitis test on four consecutive weeks were sampled. A total of 166 strains were isolated. The identified species and the percentage of isolation were as follows: S. epidermidis (71.55%), S. hyicus subsp. chromogenes (6.03%), S. simulans (6.03%), S. warneri (4.31%), S. hominis (3.45%), S. cohnii (3.45%), S. sciuri (3.45%) and S. haemolyticus (1.73%).RESUMO O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na Zona da Mata - MG, durante três meses. De quatro rebanhos utilizados, trabalhou-se com 16 animais mestiços e 19 holandeses. O objetivo foi caracterizar Staphylococcus coagulase negativos, isolados de quartos mamários de vacas, que inicialmente reagiam à prova do Califórnia Mastitis Test (CMT), em quatro testes consecutivos, a intervalo de uma semana. A caracterização das 116 amostras encontradas, correspondentes a Staphylococcus coagulase negativo, foram: S. epidermidis (71,55%), S. hyicus subsp. chromogenes (6,03%), S. simulans (6,03%), S. warneri (4,31%), S. hominis (3,45%), S. cohnii (3,45%), S. sciuri (3,45%) e S. haemolyticus (1,73%).Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC

International audienc

ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset: A Prospective, Standardized, Global Dataset of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19

The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 dataset is one of the largest international databases of prospectively collected clinical data on people hospitalized with COVID-19. This dataset was compiled during the COVID-19 pandemic by a network of hospitals that collect data using the ISARIC-World Health Organization Clinical Characterization Protocol and data tools. The database includes data from more than 705,000 patients, collected in more than 60 countries and 1,500 centres worldwide. Patient data are available from acute hospital admissions with COVID-19 and outpatient follow-ups. The data include signs and symptoms, pre-existing comorbidities, vital signs, chronic and acute treatments, complications, dates of hospitalization and discharge, mortality, viral strains, vaccination status, and other data. Here, we present the dataset characteristics, explain its architecture and how to gain access, and provide tools to facilitate its use