Editorial

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A viabilidade da progressão por salto em face do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana

O trabalho constitui um estudo acerca da viabilidade da progressão por salto em face do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Para tanto, a monografia foi divida em 3 capítulos. Inicialmente, buscou-se conceituar a Execução Penal brasileira e demonstrar seus elementos mais importantes. Em um segundo momento, foram expostos os princípios norteadores da Execução Penal, que servem como base para a viabilidade da referida progressão. No que se refere à discussão árida acerca da viabilidade da progressão por salto, o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana foi defendido ao máximo e contextualizado de acordo com os parâmetros legais, jurisprudenciais e doutrinários. Ferramentas internacionais como tratados e pactos também ganharam uma importância no tema em questão. Não se pode esquecer que um dos motivos para a progressão por salto ser viável refere-se ao problema de déficit de vagas no regime semiaberto. A situação degradante do sistema carcerário e a omissão do Estado acerca do regime semiaberto são pontos significantes na presente monografia, pois também embasam a viabilidade da progressão por salto

La restauración de los pabellones de entrada del Park Güell

In 1984 Güell Park was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, since when Barcelona Town Council has been carrying out a continuous and thorough process of rehabilitation of all the architectural features, as well as improving access, reforestation of the surrounding hills and putting an end to peripheral uses. The article focuses on the restoration of the lodges on each side of the entrance, the left, hand one is used as the porters lodge and administrative offices, and the one on the right as the porter living quarters. They are two outstanding Gaudi buildings, which are in a bad state of repair since they have been used as private residences from the Twenties lo the Eighties, and, as such, have been modified and butchered. The article outlines the architectural restoration {highlighting the repairs lo the one-way ceiling in the porters lodge, and the consolidation of the interior and the trencadís (Gaudi´ s distinctive decorative effect using pieces of tile) which covered roofs, battlements, cornice, etc, recovering original elements or reproducing the faithfully, following detailed studies of the history and materials.En 1984 el Park Güell fue declarado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO, y a partir de entonces el Ayuntamiento de Barcelona ha iniciado un proceso no acabado de rehabilitación en profundidad de todos sus elementos arquitectónicos, así como de mejora de sus accesos, reforestación de las colinas que lo rodean y eliminación de usos marginales. El artículo se centra en la restauración de los dos pabellones que flanquean la puerta, el de la izquierda, destinado a conserjería y administración, y el de la derecha, a vivienda del conserje, dos edificios singulares de Gaudí que se hallaban muy deteriorados (desde los años veinte hasta los ochenta fueron ocupados como vivienda privada y sufrieron muchos cambios y mutilaciones). Se explica el proceso de su restauración constructiva (destacan la reparación del forjado unidireccional del pabellón de conserjería o la consolidación de la cúpula del pabellón de vivienda), y también la restauración del interior y del trencadís que recubría cubiertas, almenas, cornisa, etc., recuperando los elementos originales o reproduciéndolos con la máxima fidelidad, según los estudios de análisis histórico y material

Direitos Humanos e justiça de transição

The present work seeks to understand the Transitional Justice under the human rights perspective and the treatment of the subsequent conflicts of the military regimes, to the liberalization and democratization in Brazil. In this study we try to compose the problem through a bibliographical research that has an analysis of several factors that try, in the current political conjuncture, to bury the debate about the military dictatorship and its crimes. The theme of Transitional Justice, which seemed to have been relegated to the background after the structuring of the new regimes and the holding of successive presidential elections, demonstrating the overcoming of the past, was once again brought to the agenda, recognizing the death of militants. missing politicians and compensation from their families and recently, the condemnation of Brazil in the Guerrilha do Araguaia case (Gomes Lund X Brazil Case) which rekindled the discussion about the lawsuits and other justice measures. In the period of transition to democracy the issue of human rights violations was one of the most important points on the political agenda., differentiated from country to country. In this cenario, from a democratic post-rupture, difficulties of the Comission appears, including about the relevance of the work of the transitional justice and the exposition of the truth in coups regims.O presente trabalho busca entender a Justiça de transição sob o olhar  dos direitos humanos e o tratamento dos conflitos posteriores dos regimes militares, à liberalização e democratização no Brasil. Nesse estudo procuramos compor o problema através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que conta com uma análise de diversos fatores que tentam, na atual conjuntura política, soterrar o debate sobre a ditadura militar e seus crimes. O tema Justiça de Transição, foi trazido à ordem do dia, com o reconhecimento da morte de militantes políticos desaparecidos e indenização de suas famílias  e recentemente, a condenação do Brasil  no caso Guerrilha do Araguaia (Caso Gomes Lund x Brasil) que reacendeu a discussão sobre os processos judiciais e outras medidas de justiça. No período de transição para a democracia o tema da violação dos direitos humanos foi um dos pontos mais importantes da agenda política, importância diferenciada de país para país. Visualiza-se, no cenário atual de uma possível pós-ruptura democrática, dificuldades para a continuidade dos trabalhos da Comissão de Anistia, inclusive quando se questiona a relevância de uma justiça de transição e para a exposição dos pilares de evidenciação da verdade de regimes excepcionais

FGF21 mediates the lipid metabolism response to amino acid starvation

Abstract Lipogenic gene expression in liver is repressed in mice upon leucine deprivation. The hormone fi broblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which is critical to the adaptive metabolic response to starvation, is also induced under amino acid deprivation. Upon leucine deprivation, we found that FGF21 is needed to repress expression of lipogenic genes in liver and white adipose tissue, and stimulate phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase in white adipose tissue. The increased expression of Ucp1 in brown adipose tissue under these circumstances is also impaired in FGF21- defi cient mice. Our results demonstrate the important role of FGF21 in the regulation of lipid metabolism during amino acid starvation. ¿De Sousa-Coelho, A. L., J. Relat, E. Hondares, A. Pérez-Martí, F. Ribas, F. Villarroya, P. F. Marrero, and D. Haro. FGF21 mediates the lipid metabolism response to amino acid starvation

Gastroesophageal Foreign Bodies in Dogs - Endoscopy and Surgical Removal

Background: Gastroesophageal foreign bodies (GFD) are commonly diagnosed in dogs and are considered an endoscopic emergency that, although not resulting in serious clinical sequelae or mortality, can compromise the health and well-being of the patient. The use of the digestive endoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of GFD can be a valuable and viable alternative. There are cases of GFD in dogs for which the indicated treatment is surgery, which can be performed using minimally invasive or conventional techniques, associated or not with flexible endoscopy. The objective of this work is to describe 16 cases of GFD removal in dogs demonstrating the efficiency of upper digestive endoscopy. Cases: Of the 16 GFD cases, 63% (10/16) were male and 37% (6/16) female. Most aged under 1 year (63%), puppies (5/16) and juveniles (5/16). The patient with the lowest body weight was a miniature pinscher weighing 0.8 kg (Case 14) and the heaviest was an American Pit Bull Terrier weighing 28 kg (Case 11), the mean body weight of patients diagnosed with GFD was 10.2 ± 6.7 kg. Small and medium breeds were more affected, 44.7% (7/16) and 44.7% (7/16), respectively, and large breeds (Golden Retrievier and Bull Terrier), from cases 1 and 4, the least affected, 12.6% (2/16) of the cases. The 16 patients underwent a 12 h food fast and a 4 h water fast, as gastrointestinal emptying in these cases of GFD can be influenced by these foreign bodies. All underwent general inhalation anesthesia with monitoring of physiological parameters (temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and blood pressure) before, during and after EGD, being positioned in left lateral decubitus. The 16 canine patients with suspected GFD underwent EGD for diagnostic confirmation and removal of foreign bodies. Five esophageal FB were diagnosed, 31% (5/16), and 11 gastric FB, 69% (11/16). The most frequently diagnosed foreign bodies were bone and tissue, 37.5% (6/16) and 31% (5/16). Other foreign bodies were materials such as plastics, metals, rubber, foam and stone. Of the 16 cases of GFD, EGD efficiently treated 88% (14/16) without the need for hospitalization, with only supportive treatment for the remission of complications caused by the presence of foreign bodies in the gastroesophageal tract. The main complications related to the presence of GFD were esophagitis in 25% (4/16) of cases, gastritis in 38% (6/16) and both alterations in 13% (2/16). Discussion: In this work, we can observe that more than a third of the clinical cases of treated dogs were diagnosed with GFD, demonstrating that these cases are common in the veterinary clinic. Most of these animals were males less than 1 year old. The improvement of learning in this category can lead these animals to exacerbated oral exploration of new objects. Most FBs were found in the stomach because they were of adequate size, consistency and shape for their passage through the esophagus, whereas esophageal FBs were all bone fragments of rigid consistency with diameters and sizes larger than the esophageal lumen. The interval between the ingestion of the object and the veterinary care can be decisive for the removal of the FB in the esophagus or stomach. Most gastric FBs removed were fabrics and plastics, flexible objects that can pass through the esophageal lumen more easily. Removal of GFD by endoscopy was performed with a high success rate, with only 2 cases being resolved by esophagostomy and gastrotomy. Flexible endoscopy proved to be an efficient technique for removing treated GFD, which can help remove FB during esophagotomy and be associated with rigid endoscopy. Patients recovered quickly and without complications, but it is important to emphasize that inadequate maneuvers and conducts can determine other outcomes. The use of endoscopy for GFD removal needs to be more popularized, as it can ensure better results for dogs treated with GFD. Keywords: digestive tract, endoscopic extraction, flexible endoscopy, ingested object, rigid endoscopy

SUBSTRATOS E AUXINAS NO ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS CAULINARES DE ESPINHEIRA-SANTA

Espinheira-santa (Maytenus ilicifolia) is a medicinal plant whose leaves are used for gastric ulcers treatments. In spite of its commercial and medicinal significance, few works are published about nursery tree production and vegetative propagation techniques for this plant. This study was carried out to evaluate the rooting of semihardwwod and herbaceous stem cuttings of espinheira-santa by auxins application in two kinds of substrates. Semihardwood cuttings had a leaf and 1cm of stem while herbaceous cuttings consisting of 6 to 8 cm of length and had two leaves. Semihardwood cuttings were treated with naphtalene acetic acid (NAA 0, 1500, 3000 mg L-1) and herbaceous cuttings were treated with indol butiric acid (IBA 0, 250, 500, 1000 mg L-1) solution. Cuttings were planted in plastic tubes containing vermiculite or coir dust like substrate and maintained in a greenhouse condition. The higher rooting percentage of semihardwood cuttings was observed in control plants (12,50% and 6,25%), with root number average per cutting of 1,48 and 1,04 and root length average of 1,28 and 2,03 cm in vermiculite and coir dust substrate, respectively. Herbaceous cuttings rooting percentage in control cuttings was 16,00%, with root number average per cutting of 2,46 and root length average of 0,89 cm in vermiculite. Herbaceous cuttings from coir dust fiber did not present roots. The largest percentage of alive cuttings and lowest percentage of dead cuttings was verified for semihardwood cuttings while in herbaceous cuttings was observed the inverse. Both kind of stem cuttings of espinheira-santa do not response for the application of NAA and IBA.A espinheira-santa (Maytenus ilicifolia) é uma planta medicinal cujas folhas são utilizadas no tratamento de úlceras gástricas, mas apesar de sua importância, são poucas as informações publicadas sobre a produção de mudas e técnicas de propagação vegetativa da espécie. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o enraizamento de estacas caulinares de espinheira-santa submetidas à aplicação de duas auxinas, em dois substratos. Estacas caulinares semilenhosas foram preparadas com uma folha e 1 cm de caule, e caulinares herbáceas com duas folhas e 6 a 8 cm de comprimento. Estacas semilenhosas foram tratadas com ácido naftaleno acético (ANA 0, 1500, 3000 mg L-1) e herbáceas com ácido indolbutírico (AIB 0, 250, 500 e 1000 mg L-1), em solução, e plantadas em tubetes contendo vermiculita ou fibra de casca de coco, sendo mantidas em casa-de-vegetação. Para estacas semilenhosas observou-se maior porcentagem de enraizamento na testemunha (12,50% e 6,25%), número médio de raízes por estaca de 1,48 e 1,04 e comprimento médio de raízes de 1,28 e 2,03 cm para a testemunha, em vermiculita e fibra de casca de coco, respectivamente. Para estacas herbáceas obteve-se 16,00% de enraizamento, 2,46 raízes por estaca e comprimento médio de raízes de 0,89 cm para a testemunha, em vermiculita. Não houve enraizamento em fibra de casca de coco. Verificou-se maiores porcentagens de sobrevivência e menores porcentagens de mortalidade em estacas semilenhosas, enquanto que em estacas herbáceas observou-se o inverso. Estacas caulinares semilenhosas e herbáceas de espinheira-santa não respondem à aplicação ANA e AIB

Transplante renal pediátrico por HAS grave em caso de GESF colapsante: um relato de caso / Pediatric kidney transplantation for severe NASH in a case of collapsing GESF: a case report

A glomeruloesclerose segmentar e focal (GESF) é uma nefropatia que cursa com esclerose do parênquima renal, havendo o subtipo colapsante, cuja progressão para insuficiência renal terminal ocorre de forma rápida. O caso relatado é sobre uma paciente pediátrica de 7 anos, previamente nefrectomizada à esquerda, que realizou transplante renal com nefrectomia direita peroperatória, por hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) grave de difícil controle associada à síndrome da encefalopatia posterior reversível (PRES), devido à GESF do subtipo colapsante não relacionada ao HIV. Casos complexos com evolução semelhante à relatada muitas vezes necessitam de intervenções terminais com o objetivo de prover qualidade de vida ao paciente, e, especialmente na esfera pediátrica, de garantir um desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor satisfatório, tendo, como exemplo, terapias de substituição renal. Este trabalho destaca o transplante renal como a medida terapêutica mais eficiente para o controle das condições apresentadas pela paciente

Nitrogen sources differentially affect respiration, growth, and carbon allocation in Andean and Lowland ecotypes of Chenopodium quinoa Willd

Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is a native species that originated in the High Andes plateau (Altiplano) and its cultivation spread out to the south of Chile. Because of the different edaphoclimatic characteristics of both regions, soils from Altiplano accumulated higher levels of nitrate (NO3−) than in the south of Chile, where soils favor ammonium (NH4+) accumulation. To elucidate whether C. quinoa ecotypes differ in several physiological and biochemical parameters related to their capacity to assimilate NO3− and NH4+, juvenile plants of Socaire (from Altiplano) and Faro (from Lowland/South of Chile) were grown under different sources of N (NO3− or NH4+). Measurements of photosynthesis and foliar oxygen-isotope fractionation were carried out, together with biochemical analyses, as proxies for the analysis of plant performance or sensitivity to NH4+. Overall, while NH4+ reduced the growth of Socaire, it induced higher biomass productivity and increased protein synthesis, oxygen consumption, and cytochrome oxidase activity in Faro. We discussed that ATP yield from respiration in Faro could promote protein production from assimilated NH4+ to benefit its growth. The characterization of this differential sensitivity of both quinoa ecotypes for NH4+ contributes to a better understanding of nutritional aspects driving plant primary productivity