Theoretical Explanations of Persistent Black Youth Unemployment

This essay reviews and briefly summarizes three theoretical models used most often to explain two decades of persistently high unemployment among black youth and declining rates of male labor-force participation: neoclassical, Keynesian/neo-Keynesian, and radical perspectives. Based on a review of these models, it offers an alternative approach to explaining and analyzing black youth unemployment

Cultural influences on palliative family caregiving: service recommendations specific to the Vietnamese in Canada

10.1186/s13104-015-1252-3BMC Research Notes8128

The Preperation, Roles, and Responsibilities of Teacher Educators

The literature in teacher education is filled with discourse around the topic of what it is that teacher candidates need to know and be able to do upon completion of their teacher preparation programs. However, a seriously under-researched area in the literature of teacher education is the task of preparing prospective teacher educators in doctoral programs across schools, departments, and colleges of education. Teacher educators must negotiate their varied roles as researchers, teachers, and service stewards without sacrificing their responsibility of modeling sound teaching practices for their teacher candidates. Further, these individuals must learn what the expectations and values are across diverse types of institutes of higher education (IHE). In fact, the transition from P-12 teacher to teacher educator/faculty member often proves difficult while the expectations often seem convoluted. These individuals must have a breadth of knowledge regarding the totality of teacher education as a whole, instead of the prevalent phenomena of a fragmented discipline based on content area-specific scholarship. Thus, an analysis of the pervasive challenge of equipping these individuals with the necessary tools and wisdom of practice needed to fulfill their roles and responsibilities as future teacher educators, warrants attention. This chapter uncovers topics related to the preparation of teacher educators and challenges related to teaching, research, and service for teacher educators. Therefore, this chapter attempts to reveal what it is that teacher educators need to know and be able to do to become effective teacher educators prepared to mentor teacher candidates as well as graduate students in teacher education for the twenty-first century. Implications for future research regarding the topic of preparing teacher educators are outlined throughout each chapter. This discussion is timely and important for sustaining the field of teacher education and its future existence as well as re-negotiating the less than flattering stigmatization of teacher educators in the environment of academia

Public Health Liberation – An Emerging Transdiscipline to Elucidate and Transform the Public Health Economy

Public Health Liberation (PHL) is an innovative general theory of public health aimed at accelerating health equity. This paper provides a rich synthesis of philosophical traditions, novel theories, and approaches to establish the basis for a new public health transdiscipline. The authors argue that the public health economy as a single analytic lens elucidates the contradictions and tensions that reproduce vast health inequity. Authored by a majority of Black women, community experiences and perspectives are a major strength of this paper because they draw upon leadership experiences with contemporary issues. The authors begin by describing their background in public health advocacy and by demonstrating the need for PHL using lead-contaminated water crises from Flint, Michigan and Washington, DC. They discuss the benefits of horizontal and vertical integration that broaden public health discourse to include affected populations and that seek opportunities throughout the public health economy. Their philosophical and theoretical reasoning reinterprets and adopts disciplinary concepts in political theory, sociology, women\u27s studies, African American emancipatory writing, anti-racism, and community psychology to form a culturally relevant worldview and cogent thesis. Several new constructs emerge that do not appear elsewhere in the literature - Gaze of the Enslaved, Morality Principle, liberation, illiberation, liberation safe spaces, public health realism, and hegemony. The authors use their ethical and theoretical assumptions to guide practice and community self-help. Public Health Liberation presents a major challenge to assumptions about public health effectiveness in addressing vast health inequity

Bringing Upstairs Care Downstairs; Integration of Rehabilitation Medicine, Care Management, and the Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) into an Emergency Department.

Introduction: Services such as physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), speech-language pathology (SLP), social work (SW), care management, and elder life specialists have long been an established part of care for patients admitted to Maine Medical Center (MMC) but not for patients in the Emergency Department (ED). Methods and Results: Driven in part by changes in Medicare reimbursement models, care management established a presence in the Emergency Department (ED) in 2003 with a focus on care planning and cost avoidance. In recent years PT, OT, SLP, SW, and the Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) have increased their ED involvement substantially. These services not only support care management decisions but have become an invaluable part of the ED team. The timing, staffing models, and roles of these services in our emergency department are described. Discussion: There was strong leadership support to create these positions in the ED. Increased patient volume hospital wide has required staffing flexibility. Initial concerns for slowing the ED where anecdotally resolved. Other hospitals in our system are interested in this approach. Conclusions: While the value of this work feels self-evident and is already established for admitted patients, descriptive and outcome-oriented studies for ED patients would be enlightening

Evaluating community coalitions for prevention of substance abuse: The case of project freedom

In the United States alone, there are more than 2,000 community coalitions to address local concerns about abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. This article describes an evaluation system used to examine the process, outcome, and impact of coalitions for the prevention of substance abuse. The evaluation addresses five key questions: (a) Was the community mobilized to address substance abuse (Process)? (b) What changes in the community resulted from the coalition (Outcome)? (c) Is there a change in reported use of alcohol and other substances by youths (Outcome)? (d) Does the coalition have a community-level impact on substance abuse (Impact)? and (e) Is community-level impact related to changes facilitated by the coalition (Impact)? To address these and other questions, using eight core measurement instruments, the evaluation system collects 15 distinct measures. This evaluation system is illustrated with a multiyear study of Project Freedom, a substance abuse coalition in a large midwestern city

In situ detection of boron by ChemCam on Mars

We report the first in situ detection of boron on Mars. Boron has been detected in Gale crater at levels Curiosity rover ChemCam instrument in calcium-sulfate-filled fractures, which formed in a late-stage groundwater circulating mainly in phyllosilicate-rich bedrock interpreted as lacustrine in origin. We consider two main groundwater-driven hypotheses to explain the presence of boron in the veins: leaching of borates out of bedrock or the redistribution of borate by dissolution of borate-bearing evaporite deposits. Our results suggest that an evaporation mechanism is most likely, implying that Gale groundwaters were mildly alkaline. On Earth, boron may be a necessary component for the origin of life; on Mars, its presence suggests that subsurface groundwater conditions could have supported prebiotic chemical reactions if organics were also present and provides additional support for the past habitability of Gale crater