Obtaining cyclopentanone from acidic wastewater of caprolactam production

It has been shown that adipic acid released from the by-products of caprolactam production is a promising raw material for the production of cyclopentanone. The thermal stability of calcium adipate was investigated by the derivatographic method and the conditions were selected that ensure the yield of at least 50% of the target cyclopentanone with a purity of at least 99%

Генеза и анализ эффективности оциальной рекламы в Украине

У статті розглядається генезис та ефективність соціальної реклами в Україні. Досліджуються проблеми та методи підвищення її ефективності, окреслені деякі напрямки підсилення дієвості соціальної реклами в сучасному українському суспільстві.The article deals with the origins and effectiveness of social advertising in Ukraine. The problems and methods of improving its efficiency, outlining some directions for strengthening the effectiveness of social advertising in the Ukrainian society.В статье рассматривается генезис и эффективность социальной рекламы в Украине. Исследуются проблемы и методы повышения ее эффективности, очерченные некоторые направления усиления действенности социальной рекламы в современном украинском обществе

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ВІТАМІНОТЕРАПІЇ Й АМІНОКИСЛОТНОГО ПРЕПАРАТУ В КОМПЛЕКСІ ЛІКУВАННЯ ХРОНІЧНОГО ОБСТРУКТИВНОГО ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ ЛЕГЕНЬ ІЗ СУПУТНЬОЮ АНЕМІЄЮ ХРОНІЧНИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ, ЩО ПЕРЕНЕСЛИ ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗ ЛЕГЕНЬ

The aim of the study – to learn the efficiency of vitamin therapy and amino acid drug use in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in patients with anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) and a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Material and Methods. 95 COPD patients with ACD and a history of TB were examined according to the clinical protocols with iron metabolism study, anxiety and depression index detection, and who additionally to the standard COPD treatment received group B vitamins with or without amino acid (ademetionine) drug. Results. In COPD patients with ACD and a history of TB a prescription of group B vitamins with or without amino acid (ademetionine) drug additionally to the standard COPD treatment lead to significant improvement not only of clinical presentation and pulmonary function tests but of red blood characteristics, decrease in inflammation intensity and depression index as well, predominantly in the group of patients who took a combination of group B vitamins and ademetionine. Conclusions. It is advisable to prescribe vitamin therapy and amino acid drug in addition to standard therapy for the correction of red blood counts, the normalization of systemic inflammation and the depression index for patients with a history of COPD and TB.Цель исследования – изучить возможности применения витаминотерапии (ВТ) и аминокислотного препарата в комплексе лечения хронического обструктивного заболевания легких (ХОЗЛ) с сопутствующей анемией хронических заболеваний (АХЗ) у пациентов, переболевших туберкулезом легких (ТБЛ). Материал и методы. Обследовано 95 пациентов с ХОЗЛ и сопутствующей АХЗ и перенесенным ТБЛ согласно действующим протоколам с исследованием показателей обмена железа, а также тревожности и депрессии, и дополнительным назначением витаминов группы В с или без адеметионина к стандартному лечению ХОЗЛ. Результаты. Назначение аминокислотного ВТ с или без адеметионина в дополнение к стандартной фармакотерапии ХОЗЛ с ТБЛ в анамнезе и АХЗ позволило достичь достоверной положительной динамики не только клинико-функционального состояния, но и показателей красной крови, а также снижения интенсивности воспаления и индекса депрессии, более выраженные при назначении комбинации витаминов и аминокислотного препарата. Применение только стандартной фармакотерапии позволило достичь достоверного улучшения клинико-функциональных показателей без существенных изменений показателей красной крови, системного воспаления и уровня депрессии. Выводы. Пациентам с ХОБЛ и ТБЛ в анамнезе с сопутствующей АХЗ целесообразно назначать витаминотерапию и аминокислотный препарат дополнительно к стандартной терапии для коррекции показателей красной крови, нормализации показателей системного воспаления и индекса депрессии.Мета дослідження – вивчити можливості застосування вітамінотерапії (ВТ) і амінокислотного препарату в комплексі лікування хронічного обструктивного захворювання легень (ХОЗЛ) із супутньою анемією хронічних захворювань (АХЗ) у пацієнтів, що перенесли туберкульоз легень (ТБЛ). Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 95 пацієнтів із ХОЗЛ і перенесеним ТБЛ та АХЗ згідно з діючими протоколами із дослідженням показників обміну заліза, а також тривожності та депресії, і додатковим призначенням вітамінів групи В з або без адеметіоніну до стандартного лікування ХОЗЛ. Результати. Додаткове призначення ВТ з або без амінокислотного препарату (адеметіоніну) до стандартної фармакотерапії ХОЗЛ у поєднанні з перенесеним ТБЛ і АХЗ дозволило досягти достовірної позитивної динаміки не тільки клініко-функціонального стану, а й показників червоної крові, а також зниження інтенсивності запального процесу та індексу депресії, більше виражене в групі, в якій призначали і вітаміни, і амінокислотний препарат. Застосування тільки стандартної фармакотерапії дозволило досягти достовірного покращення клініко-функціональних показників без істотних змін показників червоної крові, системного запалення та психологічного стану. Висновки. Пацієнтам із ХОЗЛ і супутньою АХЗ, що перенесли ТБЛ, додатково до стандартної терапії доцільно призначати вітамінотерапію і амінокислотний препарат для корекції показників червоної крові, нормалізації показників системного запалення та індексу депресії

Multiwavelength studies of MHD waves in the solar chromosphere: An overview of recent results

The chromosphere is a thin layer of the solar atmosphere that bridges the relatively cool photosphere and the intensely heated transition region and corona. Compressible and incompressible waves propagating through the chromosphere can supply significant amounts of energy to the interface region and corona. In recent years an abundance of high-resolution observations from state-of-the-art facilities have provided new and exciting ways of disentangling the characteristics of oscillatory phenomena propagating through the dynamic chromosphere. Coupled with rapid advancements in magnetohydrodynamic wave theory, we are now in an ideal position to thoroughly investigate the role waves play in supplying energy to sustain chromospheric and coronal heating. Here, we review the recent progress made in characterising, categorising and interpreting oscillations manifesting in the solar chromosphere, with an impetus placed on their intrinsic energetics.Comment: 48 pages, 25 figures, accepted into Space Science Review

An Inside Look at Sunspot Oscillations with Higher Azimuthal Wavenumbers

Solar chromospheric observations of sunspot umbrae offer an exceptional view of magneto-hydrodynamic wave phenomena. In recent years, a wealth of wave signatures related to propagating magneto-acoustic modes have been presented, which demonstrate complex spatial and temporal structuring of the wave components. Theoretical modelling has demonstrated how these ubiquitous waves are consistent with an m=0 slow magneto-acoustic mode, which are excited by trapped sub-photospheric acoustic (p-mode) waves. However, the spectrum of umbral waves is broad, suggesting that the observed signatures represent the superposition of numerous frequencies and/or modes. We apply Fourier filtering, in both spatial and temporal domains, to extract chromospheric umbral wave characteristics consistent with an m=1 slow magneto-acoustic mode. This identification has not been described before. Angular frequencies of 0.037 +/- 0.007 rad/s (2.1 +/- 0.4 deg/s), corresponding to a period approximately 170 s for the m=1 mode are uncovered for spatial wavenumbers in the range of 0.45<k<0.90 arcsec^-1 (5000-9000 km). Theoretical dispersion relations are solved, with corresponding eigenfunctions computed, which allows the density perturbations to be investigated and compared with our observations. Such magnetohydrodynamic modelling confirms our interpretation that the identified wave signatures are the first direct observations of an m=1 slow magneto-acoustic mode in the chromospheric umbra of a sunspot

The Frequency-dependent Damping of Slow Magnetoacoustic Waves in a Sunspot Umbral Atmosphere

High spatial and temporal resolution images of a sunspot, obtained simultaneously in multiple optical and UV wavelengths, are employed to study the propagation and damping characteristics of slow magnetoacoustic waves up to transition region heights. Power spectra are generated from intensity oscillations in sunspot umbra, across multiple atmospheric heights, for frequencies up to a few hundred mHz. It is observed that the power spectra display a power-law dependence over the entire frequency range, with a significant enhancement around 5.5 mHz found for the chromospheric channels. The phase-difference spectra reveal a cutoff frequency near 3 mHz, up to which the oscillations are evanescent, while those with higher frequencies propagate upwards. The power-law index appears to increase with atmospheric height. Also, shorter damping lengths are observed for oscillations with higher frequencies suggesting frequency-dependent damping. Using the relative amplitudes of the 5.5 mHz (3 minute) oscillations, we estimate the energy flux at different heights, which seems to decay gradually from the photosphere, in agreement with recent numerical simulations. Furthermore, a comparison of power spectra across the umbral radius highlights an enhancement of high-frequency waves near the umbral center, which does not seem to be related to magnetic field inclination angle effects

Coronal Density and Temperature Profiles Calculated by Forward Modeling EUV Emission Observed by SDO/AIA

We present a model for the intensity of optically thin extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission for a plasma atmosphere. We apply our model to the solar corona as observed using the six optically thin EUV channels of the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly instrument. The emissivity of the plasma is calculated from the density and temperature using CHIANTI tables and the intensity is then determined by integration along the line of sight. We consider several different profiles for the radial density and temperature profiles, each of which are constrained by the observational data alone with no further physical assumptions. We demonstrate the method first by applying it to a quiet region of the corona, and then use it as the background component of a model including coronal holes, allowing the plasma densities and temperatures inside and outside the hole to be estimated. We compare our results with differential emission measure inversions. More accurate estimates for the coronal density and temperature profiles have the potential to help constrain plasma properties such as the magnetic field strength when used in combination with methods such as seismology

Monetary traps of the new macroeconomic consensus: Problems of stabilization policy after COVID-19

The relevance of the study lies in the consideration of transmission channels through which the influence of monetary policy carried out by the governments and central banks of the United States, Japan and Germany was realized. The purpose of the article is to consider the phenomenon of the monetary trap as a special case of an unforeseen macroeconomic reaction to the stabilization anti-crisis policy pursued by the state, which is designed to stimulate economic activity and contribute to the growth of aggregate output. The article identified the potential of economic theory (with an emphasis on the New Macroeconomic Consensus) to illuminate the current practice of state stabilization policy, taking into account new historical challenges, as well as modeling the impact of monetary instruments of stabilization policy on the potential for economic recovery of the United States, Japan and Germany. To achieve the goal of the study, scientific and special research methods were used, namely: methods of analysis, abstraction and synthesis, induction and deduction, as well as a system-structural method; hypothetical-deductive method; idealization method; methods of economic and mathematical modeling. An analysis of the consequences of the state policy to counteract the downturn in the economic situation as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic made it possible to periodize it and establish that the stabilization measures at the first stage were mainly of a fiscal nature, while at the second stage they were focused on monetary containment of the volatility of commodity prices. A regression express analysis of the relationship between monetary incentives and changes in GDP and inflation in the United States, Japan, and Germany made it possible to establish that the influence of monetary impulses on price stability manifests itself over a longer period of time and depends on the influence of many factors, including price fluctuations, changes in nominal wages, exchange rate dynamics and expectations of economic agent