Espectroscopia Raman y de absorción para el análisis del efecto de un plasma para el tratamiento de aguas residuales

En la actualidad, la búsqueda de soluciones eficientes, innovadoras y sustentables dirigidas a las problemáticas socioambientales ha cobrado mayor relevancia en el ámbito científico; de esta manera es importante el estudio experimental de plasmas atmosféricos y los beneficios que estos brindan de forma directa a la industria. Uno de los principales problemas asociados a la industria, en específico la textil, está relacionado con el proceso de teñido de telas, para esto se utilizan grandes cantidades de agua que termina contaminada, esta se desecha en ríos y mares sin ningún tratamiento que contenga el impacto ambiental que provoca. El presente trabajo expone cómo la aplicación de un plasma atmosférico interaccionando con una muestra de agua con colorante textil provoca la degradación de los contaminantes textiles, eliminando los efectos negativos que estos provocan cuando es desechada a los afluentes. Para determinar que el agua pierde las características contaminantes después de aplicado el tratamiento, se realiza un diagnóstico de la muestra mediante Espectroscopía Raman, de Absorción y Espectroscopia Óptica de Emisión, con el objetivo de señalar cuales son las especies moleculares que se generan y los elementos resultantes. Así mismo, para la caracterización del plasma y de la muestra, se midieron los siguientes parámetros: corriente, voltaje, temperatura, pH, conductividad eléctrica, volumen, Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO), Carbono Orgánico Total (COT) y turbidez. Dentro del análisis estadístico, es conveniente medir la correlación entre el tiempo de tratamiento y la constante de velocidad de degradación

Effect of the Target Size in the Calculation of the Energy Deposited Using PENELOPE Code

The specific and linear energy was calculated in target sizes of 10 µm, 5 µm, 1 µm, 60 nm, 40nm and 20 nm by taking into account the contribution of the primary photon beams and the electrons generated by them in LiF: Mg, Ti (TLD-100). The simulations were carried out by the code PENELOPE 2011. Using different histories of primary particles, for each energy beams the mean deposited energy is the same, but to achieve a statistical deviation lower than 1% the value of 10 was fixed. We find that setting the values C1 = 0.1 C2 = 0.1 and W The Author(s) 2018. This article is published with open access at www.chitkara.edu.in/publications. ISSN No.: 2321-8649(Print) ISSN No.: 2321-9289(Online); Registration No. : CHAENG/2018/51628 cc = W = 50 eV the time of simulation decreases around the 25%. The uncertainties (1 SD) in the specific energy increases with energy for all target sizes and decreases with target size, with values from 1.7 to 94% for 20 nm and between 0.1 and 0.8% for 10 µm. As expected, the specific and linear energies decrease with target size but not in a geometrical behavior

EFECTO DE DECOLORACIÓN POR PLASMA NO TÉRMICO EN COLORANTES TEXTILES DISUELTOS: NEGRO ÁCIDO 194

Artículo de investigaciónIn this work, we show that cold plasma (electrical discharge) acting on the liquidatmosphere interface can change some macroscopic and microscopic parameters of wastewater with dissolved dyes, a process characterized by the study of physical and chemical variables, such as the voltage and current of the electrical discharge, temperature, volume, absorbance, electrical conductivity, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC). The dye used is Acid Black 194 (AB194) in a water solution (250 mL) with a concentration of 0.1 mM and the addition of FeSO4 at 1.0 mM. The initial values of pH and electrical conductivity were 2.54 and 1.55 S/cm, respectively, at a temperature of 21.5 ºC. Nonthermal plasma was generated with a DC power supply at a potential of 700 V and 133 mA, which was maintained throughout the process, until an exposure time of 45 min. This physicochemical method is environmentally friendly because it does not generate polluting waste.UAEM 4307/2017/CI

Comparative study of the degradation process of Azo textile dyes AB52 and AB210 in water using a type-Corona electric discharge

Artículo completo Comparative study of the degradation process of Azo textile dyes AB52 and AB210 in water using a type-Corona electric dischargeIn this study, the effect of maintaining the same initial chemical and physical conditions in the mineralization process, (decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions to CO2 , mineral salts and water) was evaluated for 2 azo-type dyes (N=N) using a cold plasma as agent precursor to the mechanism of elimination of pollutants in water. This paper reports the treatment of water with Acid Black 52 (AB52) and Acid Black 210 (AB210), using as a reaction accelerator iron filing (analytical grade) (Fe2+). The kinetics of the reaction was determined by UV/VIS spectrophotometry, at the beginning and during the treatment of the samples the total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) value was determined. The discoloration values in 180 min are greater than 95% and the values of TOC and COD decrease, more than 90% depending upon the time of treatment. In addition, the optical emission spectrum of the plasma was obtained to determine the species present in the ionization processes of the corona discharge. The energy yield value was calculated in terms of G50, these results provide information for the subsequent application of this process to degradation of organic compounds4307/2017/ CI UAEMe

Elimination of AB210 dye in residual textile water by glow-discharge plasma application

Artículo de investigaciónOwing to the global population growth and economic development in several developing countries, the availability of clean drinking water is a problem that has been growing in parallel with the continual increase in water consumption. Atmospheric nonthermal plasma discharge is inexpensive and safe in comparison of other toxic chemical methods of wastewater treatment. Here, the results of treating wastewater containing the Acid Black 210 (AB210) dye, at a concentration of 0.5 mM, are presented. In this process, Fe2+ filings are used as a catalyst. The treatment was carried out by means of plasma generated at atmospheric pressure on the surface of water. The effectiveness of the degradation of AB210 was quantified at different treatment times, 0–180 min, obtaining a 99.9% removal rate of the dye. The experiments were performed at an initial volume of 250 mL, and the electrical conductivity, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined. The changes in the spectral range (200–1,100 nm) of the plasma during wastewater treatment were studied.UAEM 4307/2017/CI

Emerging Compounds in Mexico: Challenges for Their Identification and Elimination in Wastewater

In recent years, the presence of organic pollutants has received great attention due to their effects on public health and biota. Within this set of compounds, a new range of compounds that are characterized by their high persistence and low degradation have been identified, called Emerging Compounds. Emerging pollutants include a wide variety of products for daily use of different structures, domestic and industrial applications, such as: pesticides, industrial and personal hygiene products, hormones, and drugs, most of which are toxic, persistent and bioaccumulative. A characteristic of these types of pollutants is that current wastewater treatment plants are unable to remove them; they are designed to remove organic matter and nutrients in higher concentrations. In Mexico there is little information on the concentration levels of these compounds, due to the lack of public policies aimed at providing resources to institutions and researchers trained to carry out this type of study. On the other hand, the technological infrastructure of the wastewater treatment plants is insufficient for the country’s demand. This situation represents one of the greatest challenges for the authorities responsible for the management of water resources, in the immediate time if it is intended to preserve said resource and therefore take care of the health of the population

A comparative study of the physical properties of Sb2S3 thin films treated with N2 AC plasma and thermal annealing in N2.

As-deposited antimony sulfide thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition were treated with nitrogen AC plasma and thermal annealing in nitrogen atmosphere. The as-deposited, plasma treated, and thermally annealed antimony sulfide thin films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, and electrical measurements. The results have shown that post-deposition treatments modify the crystalline structure, the morphology, and the optoelectronic properties of Sb2S3 thin films. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the crystallinity of the films was improved in both cases. Atomic force microscopy studies showed that the change in the film morphology depends on the postdeposition treatment used. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) analysis revealed the plasma etching on the surface of the film, this fact was corroborated by the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The optical band gap of the films (Eg) decreased after post-deposition treatments (from 2.36 to 1.75 eV) due to the improvement in the grain sizes. The electrical resistivity of the Sb2S3 thin films decreased from 108 to 106 V-cm after plasma treatments

Dendritic cell deficiencies persist seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection induces an exacerbated inflammation driven by innate immunity components. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the defense against viral infections, for instance plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), have the capacity to produce vast amounts of interferon-alpha (IFN-α). In COVID-19 there is a deficit in DC numbers and IFN-α production, which has been associated with disease severity. In this work, we described that in addition to the DC deficiency, several DC activation and homing markers were altered in acute COVID-19 patients, which were associated with multiple inflammatory markers. Remarkably, previously hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients remained with decreased numbers of CD1c+ myeloid DCs and pDCs seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the expression of DC markers such as CD86 and CD4 were only restored in previously nonhospitalized patients, while no restoration of integrin β7 and indoleamine 2,3-dyoxigenase (IDO) levels were observed. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immunological sequelae of COVID-19

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good