Evaluation of the pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis process of palm shell and waste tyres in a CO2 atmosphere

In this manuscript, the effect of various mixture proportions of a lignocellulosic material (palm shell) and waste tyres (a material not easily degraded in natural environmental conditions) subjected to a thermochemical process known as pyrolysis, on the distribution of the different fractions of the reaction products, was analyzed. The mixtures consisted of 20%-80%, 50%-50% and 80%-20% of palm shell and used tyre respectively, which were subjected to a co-pyrolysis, a simultaneous thermochemical decomposition of two biomass sources, and the resulting liquid and solid fractions were characterized. The experiments were carried out using a 0.5 mm-particle size under 500 °C for each pyrolysis run. The raw materials are characterized by proximate and elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in addition to Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Solid and liquid products were also characterized by FTIR, and their calorific value was also determined. The distribution of fractions was made by weight difference between the fractions and the mass fed. The pyrolysis run that obtained the best properties was the mixture of 80% waste tyres and 20% palm shells with a calorific value of 21,117 kJ/kg, obtaining three types of products with the following mass proportions: solid 23.5%, liquid 18.6% and gas 57.9%. It can be concluded that the solid product obtained has a great energy potential, superior than that of dry wood, which is 19,000 kJ/kg

Estructura Factorial de la Escala de Riesgo de Violencia de Plutchik (ERVP): Propiedades psicométricas y diferencias en función a variables sociodemográficas en universitarios limeños

Ante el incremento de los niveles de violencia ciudadana, resulta relevante adaptar instrumentos para identificar factores de riesgo en población juvenil. Por ello, el objetivo fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Riesgo de Violencia de Plutchik (ERVP). Se realizó una adaptación lingüística de la versión española de la ERVP, ajustándola a la terminología local. Dicha adaptación fue examinada por ocho jueces. Se administró a 1052 universitarios limeños, entre los 16 y 37 años de edad. La unidimensionalidad permitió aplicar un modelo Rasch de Escala de Valoración de Andrich, considerando el funcionamiento diferencial de tres ítems en función al sexo. La confiabilidad se obtuvo a través del coeficiente omega, cuyo valor es de .70, 95% IC [.63, .77]. La ERVP cuenta con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y es una buena alternativa para el tamizaje del riesgo de violencia en poblaciones similares.Based on the current increase in levels of citizen violence, it is relevant to standardize instruments for identifying crime-related risk factors in youth population. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the psychometric properties of Plutchik's Violence Risk Scale (PVRS). The PVRS Spanish version was linguistically adapted to local terminology, and subsequently examined by eight judges. It was administered to 1052 university students from Lima, who ranged from 16 to 37 years old. The exploratory factor analysis showed a single-factor structure, which differs from the three-factor Spanish version. It was applied the Rasch model of Andrich's Rating Scale because of its unidimensionality, identifying sex differential functioning of three items. Reliability was obtained through coefficient omega, whose value was.70; 95% CI [.63,.77]. In conclusion, the PVRS has suitable psychometric properties and appears to be a good alternative to screen the risk of violence in populations similar to the one studied

Análisis de la experiencia de TNT como grupo de Teatro Comunitario en San Antonio Los Ranchos Chalatenango, El Salvador

Esta investigación se hace con el afán de conocer la trayectoria y experiencia del Grupo de Teatro Comunitario “Asociación Tiempos Nuevos Teatro (TNT)”, quiénes tienen 25 años de existencia y han trascendido en el tiempo. Toda nuestra investigación y muestreo se realiza en San Antonio Los Ranchos, Chalatenango. Gracias a esto, se puede analizar la experiencia de TNT, lo primero que se hace es un resumen de la historia sobre cómo surge TNT, también cómo ellos han logrado subsistir a través del tiempo, cuál es su organización interna, quiénes son los facilitadores y como llegan a ese puesto, algo muy importante son sus procesos creativos, tanto en talleres como en muestras artísticas, entre otros. Es importante mencionar que, para facilidad del lector, antes del análisis de la experiencia de TNT, hay una pequeña investigación donde facilitamos conceptos de Teatro Comunitario, Educación Popular, también hay un apartado para conocer cómo surge la comunidad, entre otro, todo esto resaltando rasgos importantes que definen a la asociación.Monografía presentada para optar al título de Técnico en Artes Dramática

Environmental magnetic fingerprinting of anthropogenic and natural atmospheric deposition over southwestern Europe

Here we present an environmental magnetic study of atmospheric deposition collected by a multi-site network in Spain that covers fourteen locations representative of urban, industrial, agricultural, and natural environments across southwestern Europe. We have combined magnetic methods with scanning electron microscopy and geochemical data to characterize the magnetic mineral assemblages of particulate matter across different types of sites and phenomenological scenarios, and to unravel their environmental significance in terms of the most important anthropogenic and natural components of atmospheric deposition. Our results enable identification of two magnetite/maghemite components of anthropogenic origin, derived mostly from vehicular traffic, plus a hematite component associated with a baseline supply of north African dust, in all the studied sites regardless of their type. The ubiquitous presence of anthropogenic magnetite/maghemite particles in pristine natural envi-ronments, albeit in lower concentrations, point to their arrival from neighbouring urban areas through atmo-spheric mixing processes. Samples including particulate matter deposited during distinctively intense periods of north African dust supply are characterized by a fourth component, represented also by coarser-grained he-matite, that is likely derived from a different source area within the Sahara Desert. The concomitant increase observed in these cases in the amounts of magnetite/maghemite particles suggests strongly that part of the magnetite/maghemite load attributed to anthropogenic sources for the rest of the phenomenological scenarios is aeolian in origin. This seems to explain the overall moderate correlation observed between magnetite/maghe-mite contents and proxies for vehicular traffic, and demonstrates the need for caution when interpreting envi-ronmental magnetic proxies for magnetite/maghemite abundances in terms of anthropogenic loads. This is especially the case in southern European cities where a steady supply of north African dust occurs throughout most of the year. Our results show a good correlation between hematite abundances and geochemical proxies for north African dust, which collectively delineate broad maxima during the summer and large peaks during distinctive dust breakouts. Thus, environmental magnetic proxies of hematite abundances can be used to monitor the contribution of natural sources to atmospheric deposition.This study was funded by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación and the European Funds for Regional Development (AEI/FEDER, UE) via the DONAIRE (CGL2015-68993-R) project. XZ and DH were supported by Australian Council Discovery Project DP200100765

Sequencing and Analysis of the Myostatin Gene (GDF-8) in Bubalus bubalis Young Animals to Determine the Existence of Possible Mutations Expressed in Double Musculature Phenotype

Since the 19th century, the presentation of bovines with disproportionate muscle development have been associated with mutations that inhibit the action of the myostatin gene, it is referred to as double muscle mutation, which is common in some European Bos taurus breeds but it is not reported in buffaloes Bubalus bubalis. This study aims to evaluate if the phenotype observed in 6 young buffaloes with disproportionate muscle development has the same myostatin mutation reported in cattle. DNA was obtained from the blood of the animals of the Murrah breed. First, second and third exon was amplified end point PCR; the fragments were sequenced using capillary electrophoresis. Holstein cattle (Bos taurus) was used As control for normal phenotype. The results obtained from the comparison of the sequence of the myostatin gene show that the observed double-muscled phenotype did not show differences from normal controls. Interspecific variation was demonstrated by comparing exons two and three of the gene, finding 12 variations between the Bos taurus and Bubalus bubalis species in the evaluated fragments. It is necessary to study physiology, and the animals to explain the phenotype observed in buffaloes

Instalación, Configuración Zentyal Server 5.1 y servicios DHCP Server, DNS Server, Controlador de Dominio, Proxy no Transparente, Cortafuegos, File Server, Print Server y VPN

El presente artículo evidencia la instalación y configuración de Zentyal y sobre esta instalación la configuración de los servicios de DHCP server, DNS server, Controlador de dominio, Proxy no transparente, Cortafuegos, File Server, Print verver y VPN. Cada uno de estos servicios se implementaron sobre máquinas virtuales con el fin de lograr una buena práctica académica y a la vez acercar al estudiante a un entorno real de trabajo de infraestructura de TI. Con el desarrollo de esta implementación se observa que se puede tener una opción Linux muy robusta y perfecta para implementar a nivel empresarial y que se presenta como una opción a los servicios de Microsoft u otras que exigen licencias de pago.This article evidences the installation and configuration of Zentyal and over that installation, the configuration of the services of DHCP server, DNS server, domain controller, non-transparent Proxy, Firewall, File Server, Print server and VPN. Each of these services was implemented on virtual machines in order to achieve good academic practice and at the same time bring the student to a real working environment of IT infrastructure. With the development of this implementation it is observed that you can have a very robust and perfect Linux option to implement at the corporate level and that is presented as an option to Microsoft services or others that require payment licenses

Revealing giant exciton fine-structure splitting in 2D perovskites using van der Waals passivation

The study of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials has been an active field of research in the development of new optoelectronics and photonic applications over the last decade. Organic-inorganic layered perovskites are currently some of the most promising 2D van der Waals materials, due to their exceptional optical brightness and enhanced excitonic effects. However, low crystal quality and spectral diffusion usually broaden the exciton linewidth, obscuring the fine structure of the exciton in conventional photoluminescence experiments. Here, we propose a mechanical approach for reducing the effect of spectral diffusion by means of hBN-capping on layered perovskites with different thicknesses, revealing the exciton fine structure. We used a stochastic model to link the reduction of the spectral linewidth with the population of active charge fluctuation centres present in the organic spacer taking part in the dynamical Stark shift. Active fluctuation centres are reduced by a factor of 3.7 to 7.1 when we include hBN-capping according to our direct spectral measurements. This rate is in good agreement with the analysis of the overlap between the squared perovskite lattice and the hexagonal hBN lattice. Van der Waals forces between both lattices cause the partial clamping of the perovskite organic spacer molecules, and hence, the amplitude of the dynamical Stark shift characteristic of the spectral diffusion effect is reduced. Our work provides an easy and low-cost solution to the problem of accessing important fine-structure excitonic state information, along with an explanation of the important carrier dynamics present in the organic spacer that affect the quality of the optical emission

Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Antiproliferative Evaluation of NBD-Triterpene Fluorescent Probes

A fluorescent labeling protocol for hydroxylated natural compounds with promising antitumor properties has been used to synthesize 12 derivatives having fluorescent properties and biological activity. The reagent used for the synthesis of these fluorescent derivatives was 7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole chloride (NBD-Cl). The linkers employed to bind the NBD-Cl reagent to the natural compounds were ω-amino acids of different chain lengths. The natural triterpene compounds chosen were oleanolic and maslinic acid, as their corresponding 28-benzylated derivatives. Thus, triterpene conjugates with NBD have been studied for their optical fluorescence properties and their biological activities against cell proliferation in three cancer cell lines (B16-F10, HT-29, and HepG2), compared with three nontumor cell lines (HPF, IEC-18, and WRL68) from different tissues. The results of the fluorescence study have shown that the best fluorescent labels are those in which the ω-amino acid chain is shorter, and the carboxylic group is not benzylated. Analysis by confocal microscopy showed that these compounds were rapidly incorporated into cells in all three cancer cell lines, with these same derivatives showing the highest toxicity against the cancer cell lines tested. Then, the fluorescent labeling of these triterpene conjugates with NBD enabled their uptake and subcellular distribution to be followed to probe in detail their biological properties at the cellular and molecular level.Grupo de Investigación "Biotecnología y Química de Productos Naturales" (grupo FQM-139 del PAIDI de la Junta de Andalucía

In vitro production of gases with mixtures of Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit

Objective. To evaluate in vitro the production of total gases and CH4 in different mixtures of Hyparrhenia ruffa (Hr) and Leucaena leucocephala (Ll). Design / methodology / approach: In hermetic biodigesters with 200 mL of culture medium, 20 g of the following treatments were incubated in triplicate: T1: 100% Hr, T2: 80% Hr + 20% Ll, T3: 60% Hr + 40 % Ll, T4: 40% Hr + 60% Ll; They were inoculated with 20 mL of fresh ruminal fluid and incubated at 38 ± 0.5 ° C for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours (h). The production of total gases and methane (CH4) was measured; the data were analyzed in a completely randomized design. Results: When adding 20%, 40% and 60% of Ll in mixture with Hr, the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, production of total gases and CH4 decreased; while the crude protein content increased. Study limitations / implications: In vivo studies are required / by including amounts greater than 20% of Ll, the efficiency of energy use can be improved. Findings / conclusions: By adding more than 20% of L. leucocephala in a mixture with H. ruffa, the production of total gases and CH4 decreases. Keywords: methane, ruminants, tropical grasses, forage shrubsObjective: To evaluate total in vitro gas and methane (CH 4 ) production in different mixtures of Hyparrhenia ruffa (Hr) and Leucaena leucocephala (Ll).Design/methodology/approach: In airtight biodigesters with 200 mL of culture medium, 20 g of the following treatments were incubated by triplicate: T1: 100 % Hr, T2: 80 % Hr + 20 % Ll, T3: 60 % Hr + 40 % Ll, T4: 40 % Hr + 60 % Ll; these were inoculated with 20 mL of fresh rumen fluid and incubated at 38 ± 0.5 °C for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The total gas and CH 4 production were assessed; the data were analyzed in a completely randomized design.Results: The addition of 20 %, 40 % and 60 % Ll in mixture with Hr decreased theneutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total gas and CH 4 production, while the crude protein content increased. Study limitations/implications: In vivo studies are required / by including amounts higher than 20 % Ll may improve energy utilization efficiency.Findings/conclusions: Adding more than 20 % L. leucocephala in a mixture with H. ruffa decreases total gas and CH 4 production