Conectividad ambiental y articulación de la zona norte a partir del espacio público

El crecimiento acelerado de las ciudades colombianas ha traído ciertas dificultades para el control de procesos de urbanización, siendo espontáneos e informales no han generado las condiciones necesarias dentro del aspecto del espacio público. Por esta razón a partir de lo propuesto por el PZN, y teniendo como elemento principal a la Estructura Ecológica Principal se pretende conectar ambientalmente la zona a partir de un sistema de espacio público (ejes ambientales y parques ecológicos) para el disfrute de los habitantes de Bogotá. El proyecto a través de un parque de escala metropolitana busca centrar las actividades recreativas pasivas en estas áreas de expansión y permitir socialmente una educación de medio ambiente para el cuidado de los ecosistemas presentes. (Humedal Torca y Humedal Guaymaral.)The rapid growth of Colombian cities has brought some difficulties to control urbanization, being spontaneous and informal hadn t generated the necessary conditions in the aspect of public space. Therefore from that proposed by the PZN, and having as main element to the National Ecological environmentally seeks to connect the area from a public space system (environmental and ecological parks axes) for the enjoyment of the people of Bogotá. The project through a metropolitan scale park looking passive recreation focus in these areas of expansion and socially enabling education environment for the care of the ecosystems. (Wetland and Wetland Guaymaral Torca.Arquitecto (a)Pregrad

Seguridad de la diálisis peritoneal automatizada-DPA en niños por cuidadores primarios en casa

Introduction: Chronic renal failure in children is considered high-cost disease, causing great emotional impact, family and society on the child and the primary caregiver. Most of the processes of care in this group of patients are complex, requiring renal replacement therapy. Objective: Evaluate the Safety of DPA children at home, through training for nursing primary caregivers. Material and Mhetods: Cross-sectional study using convenience sampling included 12 primary caregivers of children in DPA urban and rural area of Valle del Cauca department belonging to the Renal Unit of Cali-Colombia, was assessed through home visits: socio-demographic profile, environmental conditions, treatment adherence, and risk factors in two time periods. Results: We evaluated 12 children between 5-18 years, 60% with 10-15 years, at ambient conditions, 83% lived in houses completed, 17% in construction, 50% belonged to socioeconomic status 2. In relation to the educational level of the caregiver, 58% attended elementary, 58.3% had a caregiver to mother, father 8.3% and 25% the same patient. Conclusion: Children with APD are vulnerable to multiple risk factors, being strategies necessary for evaluation. The interdisciplinary team and especially addressed nurse care guidelines for DPA, becoming an effective way to minimize risks and complications triggers to develop skills to guide DPA security at home.IntroducciónLa Insuficiencia Renal Crónica en pediatría es considerada como enfermedad de alto costo, generando gran impacto emocional, familiar y social en el niño y el cuidador primario. La mayoría de los procesos de atención en este grupo de pacientes son   complejos, requiriendo terapias de remplazo renal.ObjetivoEvaluar la Seguridad de la DPA a niños en casa, a través  del entrenamiento a cuidadores primarios por enfermería.Material y MétodosEstudio descriptivo transversal, utilizando muestreo por conveniencia, incluyó 12 cuidadores primarios de niños en DPA de zona urbana y rural del departamento del Valle del Cauca pertenecientes a una Unidad Renal de Cali-Colombia, se evaluó por medio de visita domiciliaria: perfil socio demográfico, condiciones ambientales, adherencia al tratamiento y factores de riesgo en dos periodos de tiempo.ResultadosSe evaluaron 12 niños entre 5 a 18 años, el 60% con 10 a 15 años; en condiciones ambientales el 83% habitaban en casas terminadas, 17%  en construcción; 50% pertenecen al estrato socioeconómico 2. En relación al  nivel educativo del cuidador, el 58% cursó primaria,  58.3% tenía  como cuidador a la madre, 8.3% padre y 25% el mismo paciente.DiscusiónLos niños con DPA son vulnerables a múltiples factores de riesgo, siendonecesario estrategias para su evaluación. El equipo interdisciplinario y en especial profesional de enfermería direccionan lineamientos al cuidado de la DPA, convirtiéndose en una forma efectiva para minimizar riesgos desencadenantes de complicaciones y poder desarrollar destrezas que orienten la seguridad de la DPA en casa  

In vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical isolates of Fusarium from Colombia

Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal susceptibilities of isolates of Fusarium to amphotericin B, itraconazole and voriconazole.Methods The susceptibility of 44 isolates of Fusarium was tested by the E-test methodology.Results All the isolates were resistant to itraconazole, and 89 % and 54,5 % were resistant to amphotericin B and voriconazole, respectively.Discussion The results confirm the high level of resistance reported, regardless of the species or the strain of Fusarium involved. The high MICs level observed are worrying and suggest that new drugs are needed.Objetivo Evaluar la susceptibilidad antifúngica in vitro de aislamientos de Fusarium a los antimicóticos amfotericina B, itraconazol y voriconazol.Métodos La susceptibilidad de 44 aislamientos clínicos de Fusarium fue evaluada por el método de difusión en disco, E-test.Resultados Todos los aislamientos fueron resistentes al itraconazol, y 89 % y 54,5 % fueron resistentes a la amfotericina B y al voriconazol, respectivamente.Discusión Los resultados confirman el alto nivel de resistencia reportado, independiente de la especie o la cepa de Fusarium involucrada. Los valores tan altos de MICs son preocupantes y sugieren la necesidad de evaluar nuevos medicamentos

Caracterización De La Funcionalidad De Válvulas Cardiacas Mecánicas Por Medio De Un Túnel De Viento

Las válvulas cardiacas mecánicas deben tener un funcionamiento hidrodinámico adecuado para que el flujo sanguíneo transcurra sin traumatismo y no se generen complicaciones secundarias en el paciente. Actualmente la evaluación de estos dispositivos se realiza tanto por medio de pruebas in vitro como por métodos numéricos, donde se busca obtener una adecuada caracterización del paso del fluido a través de la válvula. En este trabajo se propone un nuevo método de evaluación de válvulas cardiacas mecánicas que muestre mayor sensibilidad a los cambios geométricos de la válvula, diferencias de presión y turbulencias en el flujo, y que además permita una fácil visualización; todo esto a través de la utilización de un túnel de viento subsónico, el cual ha sido debidamente instrumentado y adecuado para medir variables como presión y velocidad. Utilizando los conceptos de similitud dinámica se pretende relacionar las condiciones del túnel de viento con los parámetros de flujo máximo desarrollado durante la sístole a través de una válvula cardiaca, y a partir de esto encontrar los perfiles de velocidad y presión

The Process and Product of Coherence Monitoring in Young Readers:Effects of Reader and Text Characteristics

We examined sixth graders’ detection of inconsistencies in narrative and expository passages, contrasting participants who were monolingual speakers (N=85) or Spanish-English DLLs (N=94) when recruited in pre-kindergarten (PK). We recorded self-paced reading times and judgements about whether the text made sense, and took an independent measure of word reading. Main findings were that inconsistency detection was better for narratives, for participants who were monolingual speakers in PK, and for those who were better word readers. When the text processing demands were increased by separating the inconsistent sentence and its premise with filler sentences there was a stronger signal for inconsistency detection during reading for better word readers. Reading patterns differed for texts for which children reported an inconsistency compared to those for which they did not, indicating a failure to adequately monitor for coherence while reading. Our performance measures indicate that narrative and expository texts make different demands on readers

Identifiers of Spanish-speaking children with language impairment who are learning English as a second language.

This study identified a set of measures that accurately and efficiently discriminated between predominantly Spanish-speaking children with normal language and with language impairment. Twenty-one 5- to 7-year-old children with normal language and 21 with language impairment, matched for age, gender, and school were studied. Each child responded to a set of verbal and nonverbal measures. The verbal measures assessed vocabulary and bound-morpheme learning skills, spontaneous language form, and responses to a standardized language test. The nonverbal measures assessed nonverbal intelligence, spatial-rotation, and motor-sequential skills. In addition, the children's parents participated in an interview to describe the child's current speech, language, and learning skills; and to report family history of speech, language, and academic problems. The results of a stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that four measures accounted for 79% of the variance of the model (p < .0001). This four-measure discriminant model had a sensitivity of 91.3% and a specificity of 100%. The measures that contributed to the discriminant model were: parental report of the child's current speech, language, and learning problems; number of errors per terminable unit; family history of speech, language, or academic problems; and mean length of terminable unit. An additional discriminant analysis indicated that the same level of discriminant accuracy could be maintained with the two measures that accounted for the most variance in the four-measure model: parental report of speech and language problems, and number of errors per terminable unit. Confirmatory discriminant analyses of the two-measure and four-measure models indicated that the results were stable across an independent sample. This study underscores the need for data-based approaches to the identification of Spanish-speaking children with language impairment, and the contributions of standard evaluations procedures to the identification of these children: parent interview and language-form analysis. In addition, the findings of this study indicate that a language-form deficit characterized by morphosyntactic difficulties and a high prevalence of family history of speech and language problems characterize children with language impairment regardless of the languages they speak

Language Sample Analysis and Elicitation Technique Effects in Bilingual Children With and Without Language Impairment

Purpose This study examined whether the language sample elicitation technique (i.e., storytelling and story-retelling tasks with pictorial support) affects lexical diversity (D), grammaticality (grammatical errors per communication unit [GE/CU]), sentence length (mean length of utterance in words [MLUw]), and sentence complexity (subordination index [SI]), which are commonly used indices for diagnosing primary language impairment in Spanish–English-speaking children in the United States. Method Twenty bilingual Spanish–English-speaking children with typical language development and 20 with primary language impairment participated in the study. Four analyses of variance were conducted to evaluate the effect of language elicitation technique and group on D, GE/CU, MLUw, and SI. Also, 2 discriminant analyses were conducted to assess which indices were more effective for story retelling and storytelling and their classification accuracy across elicitation techniques. Results D, MLUw, and SI were influenced by the type of elicitation technique, but GE/CU was not. The classification accuracy of language sample analysis was greater in story retelling than in storytelling, with GE/CU and D being useful indicators of language abilities in story retelling and GE/CU and SI in storytelling. Conclusion Two indices in language sample analysis may be sufficient for diagnosis in 4- to 5-year-old bilingual Spanish–English-speaking children

Análisis de los elementos de mercado social implícitos en campañas de prevención de embarazo en adolescentes

Objective: this article analyses two campaigns designed to prevent adolescent pregnancy. The authors aim to clarify the implementation of elements coming from other disciplines such as marketing, and the possible effects in the campaigns’ results, in light of “the social marketing wheel” model. Methodology: reports of qualitative and quantitative studies on the campaigns “Sexo a lo Bien” and “Parents Speak Up!” were studied. Those campaigns were originally implemented in different contexts: one in Colombia and one in the United States. The analysis was carried out by tracking implicit marketing elements in both campaigns, from existing records about them. Results: a lack of coherence between the problems’ definition, the chosen strategy and its execution was evident and affected the expected outcomes in one of the campaigns. The “Parents Speak Up!” campaign achieved important results, because it had a strong theoretical basis, articulated with a well-defined execution for different target focused audiences. The “Sexo a lo Bien” campaign had less effective results. It was too ambitious; it lacked coherence between the aimed problem, an unclear definition of target audience and the content of the messages. Conclusions: Social marketing can offer valuable elements for and educational campaign on adolescent pregnancy to achieve effective results, such as planning, execution and evaluation of the type of product, the target audience and the content of the message.Objetivo: este artigo analisa duas campanhas encaminhadas a prevenir a gravidez na adolescência, visando esclarecer a incorporação de elementos originários de disciplinas como o marketing, e seus possíveis efeitos nos resultados das campanhas, utilizando o modelo de “a roda de marketing social”. Metodologia: revisaram-se relatórios de estudos qualitativos e quantitativos sobre as campanhas “Sexo a lo Bien” e “Parents Speak Up!”, realizadas em dois contextos sociais diferentes: uma foi feita na Colômbia e a outra nos Estados Unidos. A análise foi mediante rastreio de elementos de marketing implícitos nas duas campanhas, com arquivos identificados sobre elas. Resultados: a falta de coerência entre a definição do problema, a estratégia utilizada e a sua execução foi evidente, afetando os resultados esperados em uma das campanhas. A campanha “Parents Speak Up!” obteve resultados importantes, porque teve uma forte base teórica, articulada com uma execução bem definida para diferentes públicos focalizados. A campanha “Sexo a lo Bien” teve resultados menos efetivos por ser uma proposta muito ambiciosa, e por falta de coerência entre a concepção do problema objetivo, uma definição difusa de públicos de interesse e o conteúdo das mensagens. Conclusões: para conseguir resultados efetivos nas campanhas educativas sobre a prevenção da gravidez na adolescência o marketing social pode fornecer elementos relacionado com o processo de planejamento, execução e avaliação do tipo de produto, do público alvo e do conteúdo das mensagens.Objetivos: este artículo analiza dos campañas orientadas a prevenir el embarazo en adolescentes.Métodos: se revisaron informes de estudios cualitativos y cuantitativos sobre las campañas Sexo a lo Bien y ¡Parents Speak Up!, realizadas en dos contextos sociales diferentes, una en Colombia y la otra en Estados Unidos. El procedimiento de análisis permite ilustrar la utilización del esquema de “la rueda del mercadeo social” en cuanto a la planeación, el desarrollo y la evaluación de campañas educativas para prevenir el embarazo en adolescentes.Resultados: se evidencia que la falta de coherencia entre la definición del problema, la estrategia usada y la ejecución de la misma afecta los resultados esperados. La campaña que presenta mejores resultados se basó en un buen respaldo teórico articulado con una ejecución bien definida frente a distintos públicos focalizados. La menor efectividad de resultados en una de las campañas preventivas se debe a la ambiciosa propuesta así como en la falta de coherencia entre la concepción del problema que se enfrenta y la poca claridad en definición de públicos de interés y en el contenido de los mensajes. Conclusiones: para el logro efectivo de resultados en campañas educativas sobre prevención de embarazo en adolescentes, el mercadeo social puede aportar elementos en cuanto a incorporar el proceso de planeación, ejecución y evaluación respecto del tipo de producto, el público y el contenido de los mensajes

Estudio de lactobacilos salivares y caries activa en pacientes diabéticos tipo I y sanos.

La Microbiología Oral es un área de la Odontología donde se estudia la etiología de la mayor parte de las enfermedades a las cuales se enfrenta la profesión, tales como caries y enfermedad periodontal, ya que se ha comprobado la producción de estas enfermedades por microorganismos específicos. Existen en el mundo, y en Colombia en particular, muy pocos estudios publicados que reporten las condiciones orales concernientes a caries y Lactobacilos salivares en los pacientes diabéticos, los cuales alcanzan un alto porcentaje de la población en general. De allí que sea importante estimular la investigación dirigida hacia este tema específico. Con la realización de este estudio, se busca establecer las diferencias que existen entre los pacientes diabéticos tipo I y pacientes sanos para brindar pautas dirigidas al manejo preventivo de estos individuos