Habitação progressiva autoconstruída: caracterização morfológica com uso da gramática da forma

This paper concerns the spontaneous habitation and focuses on the progressive processes of housing production. It considers the relative scarcity of studies on that subject as problematic, particularly in relation to the emergent typologies of self-construction processes. Therefore, a case study was developed in the Planalto Pici, a Special Zone of Social Interest (ZEIS) in Fortaleza, capital of the state of Ceará, Brazil. It was applied on the basis of a methodological arrangement involving the physical measurement and recording of progressivity in the construction of 94 houses. This information was examined and described by adopting Shape Grammar, an instrument of representation of logic that involves the formation of units. Based on the data collected, we looked for recurrences of forms in order to understand the morphological characteristics of dwellings in line with research on type. The results indicate a multiplicity of factors involved in the production of autonomous housing and point to the need for further research focusing on these specific fragments of the city, since understanding the morphology requires an understanding of the urban context. Based on the knowledge obtained, the research offers an overview of knowledge about the user, which may indicate a path for the development of housing design projects best suited to the needs of that public, as well as a resource in technical assistance programs applied to the environment studied.Keywords: progressive housing, self-construction, Shape Grammar, typologies.O trabalho se insere no campo de pesquisas sobre a habitação espontânea, com foco nos processos progressivos de produção das moradias. Considera como problemática a escassez de estudos a respeito das tipologias emergentes dos processos de autoconstrução. Para seu alcance foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso na ZEIS do Planalto Pici em Fortaleza, capital do Estado do Ceará, aplicado a partir de um arranjo metodológico que envolveu o levantamento físico e o registro da progressividade na construção de 94 casas. Estas informações foram examinadas e descritas adotando-se a Gramática da Forma, instrumento de representação da lógica que envolve a formação das unidades. A partir dos dados coletados, buscou-se por recorrências de formas, com a finalidade de compreender as características morfológicas das habitações em consonância com as pesquisas sobre tipo. Após a análise dos dados, propôs-se o registro da morfologia resultante da progressividade na construção a partir do sistema gerador de formas supracitado. Os resultados encontrados indicam uma multiplicidade de fatores envolvidos na produção autônoma da moradia, os quais se vinculam diretamente às formas emergentes e apontam para a necessidade de estudos direcionados a estes fragmentos específicos da cidade, visto que a compreensão da morfologia passa, antes de tudo, pelo entendimento do contexto urbano no qual a habitação está inserida. A pesquisa se constitui de um apanhado de conhecimento sobre o usuário, que pode indicar um caminho para o desenvolvimento de projetos habitacionais mais adequados às necessidades deste público, assim como para o subsídio em programas de assistência técnica aplicados ao cenário estudado.Palavras-chave: habitação progressiva, autoconstrução, gramática da forma, tipologias

Perineal Hernia in Dogs

Background: Perineal hernia is a serious disease characterized by weakening or atrophy and separation of the muscles and fasciae of the perineal musculature, followed by the caudal displacement of pelvic and abdominal organs to the perineum region. Treatment is invariably surgical and several approaches have been proposed, but complication and recurrence rates remain high. This study aimed to evaluate 120 cases of perineal hernia treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba (HVU) from 2005 to 2020, addressing the clinical and surgical aspects and the postoperative period, seeking to identify the most relevant factors to improve care and treatment of future patients affected by this disease.Materials, Methods & Results: The medical records of dogs with a definitive diagnosis of perineal hernia were collected. The prevalence of perineal hernia was calculated. Data were obtained regarding sex, being castrated or not, age, body mass, race, clinical signs, affected side, possibility of hernia reduction, treatments used, associated pathologies. Of the 120 cases, only 69 underwent surgery at the HVU and from these cases data were obtained regarding hernia content, surgical techniques, surgical wires used, recurrences and postoperative complications. Fisher's exact test was applied to assess the influence of the type of surgical treatment and surgical thread on the occurrence of complications and recurrences. Perineal hernia was the second most frequently observed hernia. Mixed breed, male, non-neutered and geriatric dogs were the most affected. The most frequently observed clinical signs were related to the digestive and urinary tract, consistent with the most commonly found hernia contents (bladder, prostate and rectum). The simple herniorrhaphy technique was the most used and showed a high number of complications. The second most used technique was the elevation of the internal shutter, which proved to be more efficient than the simple technique. Regardless of the technique used, the association of two or more techniques proved to be more efficient to reduce major complications. The use of the vaginal tunic stood out because it proved to be efficient in the treatment of perineal hernias regardless of whether it is associated with simple herniorrhaphy or obturator elevation. The surgical fixations of abdominal organs (Bladder, Ducto deferente and Colon) proved to be effective, since there were no recurrences or major complications associated with their use and the most used threads for herniorrhaphy were polyamide and catgut. Low recurrence rates were found in patients who received synthetic yarns. The most frequent complications were suture dehiscence and serous secretion.Discussion: Perineal hernia is a very important alteration due to difficulties in treatment, high rates of complications and recurrence, in addition to the large number of affected dogs. Several surgical techniques have already been proposed for the treatment of perineal hernia in dogs and are based on the reconstruction of the perineal musculature through sutures, muscle flaps, biological membranes, synthetic mesh and the reduction of pressure on the perineum through the surgical fixation of organs abdominals such as colon, vas deferens and bladder (in the musculature of the abdominal wall). It is concluded that the perineal hernia affects mainly male, non-neutered and geriatric dogs, being rare in females. Regardless of the techniques used, the association of two or more techniques is more efficient to reduce the rate of recurrences and complications. The autogenous vaginal tunic is a good option for muscle strengthening in perineal herniorraphies. The use of synthetic surgical wires leads to better results in the treatment of perineal hernia when compared to biological wires

Influence of Solar Radiation and Wet Processing on the Final Quality of Arabica Coffee

The coffee growing in the state of Espírito Santo has some peculiarities that differ from the other regions producing Arabica coffee in Brazil because it has a diversity of edaphoclimatic conditions that influence the final quality of the bean. This study aimed to demonstrate and quantify the effect of solar radiation and of different forms of wet process on the final quality of Arabica coffee in crops located in the altitude range of 950 meters, in order to understand what would be the best wet processing methods for the coffee cultivated to the East (sun-grown) and coffee cultivated to the South-Southeast (shade-grown). The results indicate that shading has a significant effect on the final quality of the Arabica coffee, as well as the type of wet process used to process the beans after harvest. Therefore, there is a need to study in depth the factors related to the processing, edaphoclimatic, and relief conditions inherent to mountain coffee cultivation

Green manure in coffee systems in the region of Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais: characteristics and kinetics of carbon and nitrogen mineralization.

The use of green manure may contribute to reduce soil erosion and increase the soil organic matter content and N availability in coffee plantations in the Zona da Mata, State of Minas Gerais, in Southeastern Brazil. The potential of four legumes (A. pintoi, C. mucunoides, S. aterrimum and S. guianensis)to produce above-ground biomass, accumulate nutrients and mineralize N was studied in two coffee plantations of subsistence farmers under different climate conditions. The biomass production of C. mucunoides was influenced by the shade of the coffee plantation.C. mucunoides tended to mineralize more N than the other legumes due to the low polyphenol content and polyphenol/N ratio. In the first year, the crop establishment of A. pintoi in the area took longer than of the other legumes, resulting in lower biomass production and N2 fixation. In the long term, cellulose was the main factor controlling N mineralization. The biochemical characteristics, nutrient accumulation and biomass production of the legumes were greatly influenced by the altitude and position of the area relative to the sun

Behaviour of the foramen ovale flow in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction

Foramen ovale (FO) flow may be altered in IUGR. .is study was designed to test this hypothesis. Methods. Forty pregnant women (24–38 weeks) were divided into 3 groups: group I (IUGR), group II (adequate growth and maternal hypertension), and group III (normal controls). Impedance across the FO was assessed by the FO pulsatility index (FOPI): (systolic velocity − presystolic velocity)/mean velocity. Statistical analysis utilized ANOVA, Tukey test, and ROC curves. Results. Mean FOPI in IUGR fetuses (n=15) was 3.70 ± 0.99 (3.15–4.26); in the group II (n=12), it was 2.84 ± 0.69 (2.40–3.28), and in the group III (n=13), it was 2.77 ± 0.44 (2.50–3.04) (p=0.004). FOPI and UtA RI were correlated (r= 0.375, p= 0.017), as well as FOPI and UA RI (r= 0.356, p= 0.024) and, inversely, FOPI and MCA RI (r= −0.359, p= 0.023). Conclusions. .e FO flow pulsatility index is increased in fetuses with IUGR, probably as a result of impaired left ventricular diastolic functio

MEMÓRIA EXPLÍCITA INTRA-OPERATÓRIA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

INTRODUCTION: The use of anesthetic substances to perform surgeries is indispensable, but remembering these events after the event is a serious complication. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the occurrence of intraoperative explicit memory in the current literature, to identify data relevant to the event and to correlate them. METHODS: A literary research was conducted, in which studies were searched in the database of Google Scholar, BvSalud, Pubmed, LILACs, Scielo from the keywords: Memory, intraoperative period, peroperative awareness, general anesthesia, memory, intraoperative period, intraoperative awareness, general anesthesia. Initially, 20,200 articles were found. Of these, literature reviews, doctoral theses, master's thesis were excluded, and a total of 18 articles were used, and these studies were published between 2019 and 2021. RESULTS: In the present study, there was an investigation whether anesthesia managed by residents can increase the incidence of consciousness in the self-reported intraoperative period compared to anesthesia managed by anesthesiatoses. Based on the raw data of the patients, the management of anesthesia by anesthesialists increased the incidence of consciousness compared to the management of anesthesia by residents. However, based on this analysis of the propensity score of the patient data, the management of anesthesia by anesthesiatoses did not increase the incidence of awareness. CONCLUSION: The investigation of the occurrence of intraoperative memory is performed by specialists and their research instruments, in this work assumption it was identified that the female gender, along with extremeages and anesthetic pre-procedures are causes of these memories in the surgical environment.INTRODUCCIÓN: El uso de sustancias anestésicas para realizar cirugías es indispensable, pero recordar estos eventos después del evento es una complicación grave. OBJETIVOS: Investigar la ocurrencia de memoria explícita intraoperatoria en la literatura actual, identificar datos relevantes para el evento y correlacionarlos. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una investigación literaria, en la que se buscaron estudios en la base de datos de Google Scholar, BvSalud, Pubmed, LILACs, Scielo a partir de las palabras clave: Memoria, período intraoperatorio, conciencia peroperativa, anestesia general, memoria, período intraoperatorio, conciencia intraoperatoria, anestesia general. Inicialmente, se encontraron 20.200 artículos. . RESULTADOS: En el presente estudio, hubo una investigación sobre si la anestesia administrada por residentes puede aumentar la incidencia de conciencia en el período intraoperatorio autoinformado en comparación con la anestesia administrada por anestesias. Sobre la base de los datos brutos de los pacientes, el manejo de la anestesia por parte de los anestesistas aumentó la incidencia de la conciencia en comparación con el manejo de la anestesia por parte de los residentes. Sin embargo, en base a este análisis de la puntuación de propensión de los datos de los pacientes, el manejo de la anestesia mediante anestesias no aumentó la incidencia de la concienciación. CONCLUSIÓN: La investigación de la ocurrencia de la memoria intraoperatoria es realizada por especialistas y sus instrumentos de investigación, en este supuesto de trabajo se identificó que el género femenino.INTRODUÇÃO: O uso de substâncias anestésicas para a realização de cirurgias é indispensável, porém lembrar desses eventos após o ocorrido é uma complicação grave. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a ocorrência de memória explícita intraoperatória na literatura atual, identificar dados relevantes ao acontecimento e correlacioná-los. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma pesquisa literária, em que foram buscados estudos na base de dados do Google Scholar, BvSalud, Pubmed, LILACs, Scielo a partir das palavras-chaves: Memória, período intraoperatório, consciência no peroperatório, anestesia geral, memory, intraoperative period, intraoperative awareness, anestesia general. Foram encontrados, inicialmente, 20.200 artigos. Desses, foram excluídos, revisões de literatura, teses de doutorado, dissertação de mestrado, sendo utilizados, no total, 18 artigos, sendo esses estudos publicados entre 2019 e 2021. RESULTADOS: No presente estudo, houve uma investigação se a anestesia manejada por residentes pode aumentar a incidência de consciência no intraoperatório autorrelatada em comparação com a anestesia manejada por anestesistas. Com base nos dados brutos dos pacientes, o manejo da anestesia por anestesistas aumentou a incidência de consciência em comparação com o manejo da anestesia pelos residentes. No entanto, com base nessa análise do escore de propensão dos dados do paciente, o manejo da anestesia pelos anestesistas não aumentou a incidência de conscientização. CONCLUSÃO: A investigação da ocorrência de memória intraoperatória é realizada por especialistas e por seus instrumentos de pesquisa, nesse pressuposto trabalho foram identificados que o sexo feminino, junto a extremos de idades e pré-procedimentos anestésicos são causas dessas memorias no ambiente cirúrgico.INTRODUÇÃO: O uso de substâncias anestésicas para a realização de cirurgias é indispensável, porém lembrar desses eventos após o ocorrido é uma complicação grave. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a ocorrência de memória explícita intraoperatória na literatura atual, identificar dados relevantes ao acontecimento e correlacioná-los. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma pesquisa literária, em que foram buscados estudos na base de dados do Google Scholar, BvSalud, Pubmed, LILACs, Scielo a partir das palavras-chaves: Memória, período intraoperatório, consciência no peroperatório, anestesia geral, memory, intraoperative period, intraoperative awareness, anestesia general. Foram encontrados, inicialmente, 20.200 artigos. Desses, foram excluídos, revisões de literatura, teses de doutorado, dissertação de mestrado, sendo utilizados, no total, 18 artigos, sendo esses estudos publicados entre 2019 e 2021. RESULTADOS: No presente estudo, houve uma investigação se a anestesia manejada por residentes pode aumentar a incidência de consciência no intraoperatório autorrelatada em comparação com a anestesia manejada por anestesistas. Com base nos dados brutos dos pacientes, o manejo da anestesia por anestesistas aumentou a incidência de consciência em comparação com o manejo da anestesia pelos residentes. No entanto, com base nessa análise do escore de propensão dos dados do paciente, o manejo da anestesia pelos anestesistas não aumentou a incidência de conscientização. CONCLUSÃO: A investigação da ocorrência de memória intraoperatória é realizada por especialistas e por seus instrumentos de pesquisa, nesse pressuposto trabalho foram identificados que o sexo feminino, junto a extremos de idades e pré-procedimentos anestésicos são causas dessas memorias no ambiente cirúrgico