MicroRNAs: emerging players in apical periodontitis

Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder of periradicular tissues developed from endodontic infections. Understanding its pathophysiology and the underlying molecular mechanisms is key to the advancement of endodontics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs, may be phenotypically and functionally associated with the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis. Several studies have focused on the role of miRNAs in the pulp and periradicular biology, and they have demonstrated their essential functions, such as initiating odontogenic differentiation and promoting pro- or anti-inflammatory responses in pulpitis. Up to date, over 2,000 miRNAs have been discovered in humans; however, only few have been reported to associate with apical periodontitis. Therefore, identifying miRNAs involved in diseased apical tissues and conducting functional studies are important in expanding our current knowledge of pulp and periradicular biology and exploring novel therapeutic avenues. In this review, we revisit current models of apical periodontitis and miRNA biogenesis, analyze existing evidence of the involvement of miRNAs in diseased apical tissues, and discuss their diverse functions and potential values. Based on their sheer abundance, prolonged stability in biofluid, and relative ease of sampling, miRNAs may be a useful tool to be developed as diagnostic biomarkers for apical periodontitis. Furthermore, it can be used as therapeutic targets in conjunction with conventional endodontic therapies

Final irrigation protocols can be used to promote stable long-term bond strength of AH Plus to dentin

Irrigation solutions might affect dentin surface characteristics and, consequently, endodontic sealers adhesion. Objective: This study analyzed the effect of different final irrigation protocols on push-out bond strength (BS) of AH Plus to dentin seven days and 20 months after obturation. Scanning electron micrographs were obtained from the dentin surface of one sample/group after final irrigation. Methodology: Canals of bovine incisors were instrumented and received final irrigation with (n=21): G1 – 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + distilled water; G2 – 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA; G3 – 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl; G4 – 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA + 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); G5 – mixture 5% NaOCl + 18% etidronate (HEDP); and G6 – mixture 5% NaOCl + 10% tetrasodium EDTA (Na4EDTA). After irrigation, one root/group was split and images were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The other 20 roots/group were filled with only AH Plus sealer. Three slices/root were used for push-out assessment seven days and 20 months after obturation. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey (α<0.05) were used to compare the results among experimental groups, and unpaired t-test (α<0.05) was used to compare the results of the same group over time. Results: The photomicrographs showed that, excepting G1, all groups completely removed the smear layer from the samples. In G2 and G4, the opening of the dentin tubules enlarged. In G3, erosion was observed in the peritubular and intertubular dentin. Values of the BS in the seven days were G2=G3=G4=G5>G6=G1 and in the 20 months were G3=G5>G6=G4>G1=G2. G3, G5, and G6 presented values of BS in 20 months similar to the values of seven days (P>0.05). Conclusions: The final irrigation protocols tested produced dentin surfaces with different characteristics. Only G3 and G5 presented high BS values that were stable over time

Ensaios com o vírus rábico "ERA", no Brasil. I. Distribuição do vírus no organismo de bovinos inoculados e formação de inclusões no sistema nervoso central

Rabies virus, "ERA" strain, inoculated by intra-muscular route into the masseter muscle was capable of localizing in the salivary glands, brain, cerebellum, bulbus and spinal cord. The "ERA" strain determined the appearence of inclusions, in the cytoplasm of the neurons of bulbus and spinal cord, which resembled Negri bodies. Fine granular acidophile material diffusely dispersed in the cytoplasm was encountered. The viral rabies antigen was detected in high concentration in the bulbus, spinal cord and salivary glands, by fluorescent antibodies techniques. The rabies virus was not recovered from the nervous tissues, salivary glands saliva of mice.A amostra de vírus rábido ERA, inoculada por via intramuscular em bovinos, no masseter, foi capaz de se localizar nos tecidos das glândulas salivares (submaxilares, parótidas e sublinguais) e no sistema nervoso central. A amostra ERA determinou o aparecimento de inclusões no citoplasma e nos prolongamentos dos neurônios dos bovinos, muito semelhantes aos corpúsculos de Negri. Material acidófilo finamente granular, espalhado difusamente no citoplasma celular, pôde ser observado. Os camundongos que receberam intracranialmente a amostra ERA também mostraram inclusões muito semelhantes aos corpúsculos de Negri no citoplasma de suas células nervosas. O antígeno rábico nos tecidos glandular e nervoso foi evidenciado pelo teste de anticorpos fluorescentes. Não se recuperou vírus dos tecidos imuno-positivos, nem da saliva, por inoculação em camundongos adultos e lactentes

Taper modeling and economic evaluation of multi-products obtained from wood of short-rotation eucalyptus stands

This study aims at defining the appropriate model to describe the stem tapering of trees of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis hybrid, and at evaluating the economic viability of obtaining wood multi-products at different interest rates. The volume of 60 sample trees were determined, and stem tapering was described according to the models proposed by Demaerschalk, Prodan, Kozak, and Ormerod. The best model was used to convert the trees into assortments so that the wood could be optimized for the product that offers the maximum economic return with the minimum possible waste. Then, an economic viability analysis was performed for wood multi-product production, using the Net Present Value (NPV) and applying interest rates of 8 to 12% p.a. The Demaerschalk model is the most appropriate one for the study of stem tapering and assortment determination in short-rotation stands of the Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis hybrid intended for multi-products in the region covered by the study. The allocation of wood for multi-products is a viable option for stands of the Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis hybrid, according to the interest rates applied in the present study

PERFIL DA PRESCRIÇÃO DE ANTIBIOTICOPROFILAXIA EM EXODONTIA POR CIRURGIÕES DENTISTAS DA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO

Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo, com a aplicao de um questionrio estruturado a 100 dentistas da cidade de So Paulo, para se avaliar a prescrio odontolgica, a especializao do dentista, idade, tempo de atuao clnica e se o mesmo fez algum curso de reciclagem em farmacologia, aps a graduao. Os resultados mostraram uma grande variao no esquema teraputico, quanto ao frmaco e quanto necessidade da prescrio. A maioria dos pesquisados no realizou reciclagem em farmacologia. Dentre aqueles que relataram ter realizado algum curso de reciclagem, foi observada uma similaridade na prescrio: amoxicilina: 500mg a cada 8 horas, por 7 dias. Entretanto, apenas 9,3% dos entrevistados relataram utilizar a antibioticoprofilaxia recomendada pela American Heart Association (AHA). A grande variabilidade para indicao da antibioticoprofilaxia, seja quanto escolha do frmaco, esquema teraputico ou situaes em que devam ser prescritos, demonstra que a padronizao do uso destes frmacos na prtica clnica odontolgica deve ser levada em considerao, evitando sua administrao de forma equivocada ou desnecessria para seus pacientes

Subconjunto Terminológico de Clasificación Internacional de la Práctica de Enfermería para pacientes hospitalizados por quemaduras

Objective: To develop a proposal of a terminological subset of the International Classification for Nursing Practice for burned patients. Method: This is a methodological study following the steps: identification of clinical findings; mapping of terms; construction of statements of diagnoses/results and nursing interventions; content validation of statements; and structuring of the subset with the theoretical model of Basic Human Needs. Content validation was performed by 26 specialist nurses, through the Content Validity Index, with statements ≥ 0.80 being considered validated. Results: A total of 36 diagnoses/results and 119 interventions were validated. Among these, the ones with the highest index were: Respiratory System Function, Impaired/Respiratory System Function, Effective; Volume of Fluids, Impaired/ Volume of Fluids, Effective; Burn Wound/Wound Healing, Effective; Pain, Acute/ Pain, Absent, and as interventions: To Monitor Vital Signs; to Monitor Fluid Balance; to Treat Skin Condition; to Assess Response to Pain Management (Control). Conclusion: The validated statements depict the burned people basic human needs, with the psychobiological ones being the most prevalent.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

COMPLIANCE NA GESTÃO HOSPITALAR: PERFIL HOSPITALAR DA MACRORREGIÃO DE SAÚDE CENTRO EM MINAS GERAIS

Compliance programs have the objective of ensuring that the organization and its stakeholders comply with the institution's legal norms, policies and codes of conduct. The objective of the study was to describe the profile of hospitals belonging to the health macro-region Center in Minas Gerais that have a Compliance program, according to: health micro-region; legal nature and size. This is a descriptive study, with a quantitative approach and method with documentary research procedures. Hospitals that presented the Code of Conduct and the Reporting Channel on their website were eligible for the study. It was observed that the profile of hospitals that have the program is large, private in nature and predominantly located in the health micro-region of Belo Horizonte. The importance of the Compliance Program for the evolution of Health Management is highlighted, in addition to the need for organizations to make Compliance information accessible on their websites.Programas de Compliance tienen el objetivo de asegurar que la organización y sus grupos de interés cumplan con las normas legales, políticas y códigos de conducta de la institución. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el perfil de los hospitales pertenecientes a la macrorregión de salud Centro de Minas Gerais que cuentan con un programa de Compliance, según: microrregión de salud; naturaleza jurídica y tamaño. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, con enfoque y método cuantitativo con procedimientos de investigación documental. Los hospitales que presentaron el Código de Conducta y el Canal de Denuncias en su website fueron elegibles para el estudio. Se observó que el perfil de los hospitales que cuentan con el programa es grande, de carácter privado y predominantemente ubicados en la microrregión de salud de Belo Horizonte. Se destaca la importancia del Programa de Compliance para la evolución de la Gestión en Salud, además de la necesidad de las organizaciones de hacer accesible la información de Cumplimiento en sus sitios web.Os programas de Compliance possuem o objetivo de fazer cumprir com que a organização e seus stakeholders estejam de acordo com as normas legais, políticas e códigos de conduta da instituição. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o perfil dos hospitais pertencentes à macrorregião de saúde Centro em Minas Gerais que possuem programa de Compliance, segundo microrregião de saúde, natureza jurídica e porte. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa e método com procedimentos de pesquisa documental. Foram elegíveis para o estudo os hospitais que apresentaram, em seu website, o Código de Conduta e o Canal de Denúncias. Observou-se que o perfil dos hospitais que possuem o programa é de grande porte, natureza privada e localização predominante na microrregião de saúde de Belo Horizonte. Ressalta-se a importância do Programa de Compliance para evolução da Gestão em Saúde, além da necessidade das organizações tornarem acessíveis as informações de Compliance em seus websites.DOI: 10.53706/gep.v.24.797

Tecnologias Assistivas E Suas Aplicações: uma análise a partir de patentes

The objective of this study was to map the assistive technologies and their applications from the patent applications, considering that such technologies are products and / or mechanisms that will foster social inclusion of people with disabilities. The database used in this research was Espacenet and the INPI, with about 90 million registered documents. Were found 616 documents related to assistive technologies in a period of 15 years, from 2000 to 2015. Specifically, the results revealed that the application of assistive technologies for physical and visual disabilities are concentrated in four classes of patents involving (A61G5) "chairs or personal transport specially adapted for disabled patients or disabled" (A61H3) "devices to help disabled people to move around," (A61G7) "beds and devices for lifting patients or disabled" and (A61F2) "prostheses and artificial substitutes for body parts". It was also established that China is the key country in the registration of patents relating to the application of assistive technology and, in addition, is also the country that centralizes most of the inventors and depositors.O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear as tecnologias assistivas e suas aplicações a partir dos depósitos de patentes, considerando que tais tecnologias são produtos e/ou mecanismos que oportunizam a inclusão social das pessoas com deficiência. A base de dados utilizada na pesquisa foi a Espacenet e o INPI, com aproximadamente 90 milhões de documentos registrados. Foram encontrados 616 documentos relacionados às tecnologias assistivas em um período de 15 anos, ou seja, de 2000 a 2015. De forma específica, os resultados revelaram que as aplicações das tecnologias assistivas para deficiências físicas e visuais estão concentradas em quatro classes de patentes, envolvendo (A61G5) “cadeiras ou transportes pessoais especialmente adaptadas para pacientes ou deficientes físicos”, (A61H3) “aparelhos para ajudar os deficientes físicos a se locomoverem”, (A61G7) “camas e dispositivos para levantamento de pacientes ou deficientes físicos”, e (A61F2) “próteses e substitutos artificiais de partes do corpo”. Foi também possível constatar que a China é o país chave no registro de patentes associadas à aplicação de tecnologias assistivas e, além disso, é também o país que centraliza a maior parte dos inventores e depositantes