Oximetria de pulso na avaliação do transporte de oxigênio em pacientes críticos

In this clinical investigation 35 patients under mechanical ventilation were studied. It was possible to establish the precision of two pulse oximeters of different brands. The performance of these equipments was evaluated by comparing data with the hemo-oximeter and a statistical analysis employed the student t test. Results showed that bias between oximeters reading and hemo-oximeter was similar for both instruments. Eventually critical patients may present conditions that limit the use of this technique. The study showed that the discrepancy in the results observed may be attributed to the presence of the methemoglobin and possible to anaemia associated to hipoxia.En este estudio el monitoraron 35 pacientes de cuidado intensivo, submetidos a ventilación mecánica, permitiendo establecer el nivel de precisión de 2(dos) oxímetros de pulso de diferentes fabricantes. El desempeño fue determinado en función de datos comparativos obtenidos por la hemo-oximetría. Para proceder al análisis estadístico, fue utilizado el ensayo t. pacientes críticos son portadores de condiciones clínicas que pueden, eventualmente, limitar el uso de esta técnica. En el presente trabajo, fue demostrado que la discrepancia en los resultados obtenidos, puede ser atribuida a la presencia de metemoglobina e posiblemente a la anemia asociada a la hipoxia.Neste estudo a monitorização de 35 pacientes de terapia intensiva, submetidos a ventilação mecânica, permitiu estabelecer o nível de precisão de dois oxímetros de pulso de diferentes fabricantes. O desempenho foi determinado em função de dados comparativos obtidos pela hemo-oximetria, para proceder a análise estatística foi utilizado o teste t. Pacientes críticos são portadores de condições clínicas que podem, eventualmente, limitar o uso desta técnica. No presente trabalho foi demonstrado que a discrepância nos resultados obtidos pode ser atribuída a presença de metemoglobina e possivelmente à anemia associada a hipóxia

Volumetric capnography as a noninvasive diagnostic procedure in acute pulmonary thromboembolism

Pulmonary thromboembolism is a common condition. Its diagnosis usually requires pulmonary scintigraphy, computed angiotomography, pulmonary arteriography and, in order to rule out other diagnoses, the measurement of D-dimer levels. Due to the fact that these diagnostic methods are not available in most Brazilian hospitals, the validation of other diagnostic techniques is of fundamental importance. We describe a case of a woman with chronic pulmonary hypertension who experienced a pulmonary thromboembolism event. Pulmonary scintigraphy, computed angiotomography and pulmonary arteriography were used in the diagnosis. The D-dimer test result was positive. Volumetric capnography was performed at admission and after treatment. The values obtained were compared with the imaging test results.O tromboembolismo pulmonar é uma situação freqüente que pode ser diagnosticada pela cintilografia pulmonar, angiotomografia computadorizada, arteriografia pulmonar e, como método de exclusão, dosagem do dímero-D. Como estes exames nem sempre estão disponíveis, a validação de outros métodos diagnósticos é fundamental. Relata-se o caso de uma paciente com hipertensão pulmonar crônica, agudizada por tromboembolismo pulmonar. Confirmou-se o diagnóstico por cintilografia, angiotomografia computadorizada, arteriografia pulmonar; a dosagem do dímero-D resultou positiva. A capnografia volumétrica associada à gasometria arterial foi realizada na admissão e após o tratamento. As variáveis obtidas foram comparadas com os resultados dos exames de imagem.32833

[thrombolysis In Massive Pulmonary Embolism Based On The Volumetric Capnography].

This is the first report of a patient submitted to chemical thrombolysis due to massive pulmonary embolism (PE) during the postoperative period of neurosurgery, in whom due to the lack of adequate clinical conditions, no imaging assessment was performed. Clinical, gasometric and capnographic data allowed the decision to perform the thrombolysis with safety. The P(a-et)CO2 gradient decreased from 46.4 mmHg to 11.8 mmHg (normal < 5 mmHg) and the end-tidal alveolar dead space fraction decreased from 0.85 to 0.37 (normal < 0.15) from the pre-thrombolysis period to the 7th day post-thrombolysis. We conclude that the volumetric capnography (VC) was useful in the patient's diagnosis and clinical follow-up.95e97-e9

Death concepts and brain death diagnostic criteria

The authors present considerations about death and brain death concepts, as well the legal aspects for its diagnosis in Brazil. They also present the UNICAMP Protocol for the Diagnosis of Brain Death, revised and according with the current law, with standard techniques for the diagnostic exam. They emphasize the importance of a mature ethical position for this frequent and challenging situation.Os autores apresentam considerações a respeito dos conceitos de morte e morte encefálica, bem como dos aspectos legais para o seu diagnóstico no Brasil. Apresentam também o Protocolo para Diagnóstico de Morte Encefálica atualmente em vigor no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, revisto e atualizado conforme a lei vigente no país, com a padronização técnica dos testes diagnósticos, ressaltando a importância de um posicionamento ético maduro frente a essa desafiante e cada vez mais frequente situação.70571

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P &lt; 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Pulse oximeters in the evaluation of oxygen transportation in critical patients

In this clinical investigation 35 patients under mechanical ventilation were studied. It was possible to establish the precision of two pulse oximeters of different brands. The performance of these equipments was evaluated by comparing data with the hemo-oximeter and a statistical analysis employed the student t test. Results showed that bias between oximeters reading and hemo-oximeter was similar for both instruments. Eventually critical patients may present conditions that limit the use of this technique. The study showed that the discrepancy in the results observed may be attributed to the presence of the methemoglobin and possible to anaemia associated to hipoxia.Neste estudo a monitorização de 35 pacientes de terapia intensiva, submetidos a ventilação mecânica, permitiu estabelecer o nível de precisão de dois oxímetros de pulso de diferentes fabricantes. O desempenho foi determinado em função de dados comparativos obtidos pela hemo-oximetria, para proceder a análise estatística foi utilizado o teste t. Pacientes críticos são portadores de condições clínicas que podem, eventualmente, limitar o uso desta técnica. No presente trabalho foi demonstrado que a discrepância nos resultados obtidos pode ser atribuída a presença de metemoglobina e possivelmente à anemia associada a hipóxia.En este estudio el monitoraron 35 pacientes de cuidado intensivo, submetidos a ventilación mecánica, permitiendo establecer el nivel de precisión de 2(dos) oxímetros de pulso de diferentes fabricantes. El desempeño fue determinado en función de datos comparativos obtenidos por la hemo-oximetría. Para proceder al análisis estadístico, fue utilizado el ensayo t. pacientes críticos son portadores de condiciones clínicas que pueden, eventualmente, limitar el uso de esta técnica. En el presente trabajo, fue demostrado que la discrepancia en los resultados obtenidos, puede ser atribuida a la presencia de metemoglobina e posiblemente a la anemia asociada a la hipoxia.798

Volumetric capnography: In the diagnostic&amp;nbsp;work-up of chronic thromboembolic disease

Marcos Mello Moreira1, Renato Giuseppe Giovanni Terzi1, Laura Cortellazzi2, Antonio Luis Eiras Falc&amp;atilde;o1, Heitor Moreno Junior2, Luiz Cl&amp;aacute;udio Martins2, Otavio Rizzi Coelho21Department of Surgery, 2Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, School of Medical Sciences, Campinas, Sao Paulo, BrazilAbstract: The morbidity and mortality of pulmonary embolism (PE) have been found to be related to early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The examinations used to diagnose PE are expensive and not always easily accessible. These options include noninvasive examinations, such as clinical pretests, ELISA D-dimer (DD) tests, and volumetric capnography (VCap). We report the case of a patient whose diagnosis of PE was made via pulmonary arteriography. The clinical pretest revealed a moderate probability of the patient having PE, and the DD result was negative; however, the VCap associated with arterial blood gases result was positive. The patient underwent all noninvasive exams following admission to hospital and again eight months after discharge. Results gained from invasive tests were similar to those produced by image exams, highlighting the importance of VCap as an important noninvasive tool.Keywords: pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, volumetric capnography, d-dimers, pretest probabilit