CRIME E PLANEJAMENTO URBANO DE BAIRROS: O CASO DA MATA ESCURA NA METRÓPOLE BAIANA

This article aims to identify elements in order to contributing to urban planning in the area of public security based on analysis of the cases of homicide and attempted their forms in a low-income neighborhood of Bahia metropolis. The study considers the list of crimes with the historical development of the area, in which is located a state penitentiary. The analysis also contemplates the crossing of the data of the offenses with those available by the 2010 Census (IBGE) for the universe of the population, as well as a brief spatial analysis of these phenomena, demonstrating a significant correlation between poverty and homicides or their attempts.Este artigo visa identificar elementos contributivos ao planejamento urbano na área da segurança pública a partir da análise das ocorrências de homicídios e suas formas tentadas em um bairro de baixa renda da metrópole baiana. O estudo considera na sua realização a relação dos crimes com a formação histórica da área, onde funciona um complexo penitenciário estadual. A análise também contempla o cruzamento dos dados dos delitos com aqueles publicamente disponibilizados pelo Censo 2010 (IBGE) para o universo da população, bem como uma breve análise espacial desses fenômenos, demonstrando haver significativa correlação entre pobreza e homicídios ou suas tentativas

Clinical Relevance Of Breast And Gastric Cancer-associated Polymorphisms As Potential Susceptibility Markers For Oral Clefts In The Brazilian Population

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Epidemiological studies have indicated a higher incidence of breast and gastric cancer in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL +/- P) and their relatives, which can be based on similar genetic triggers segregated within family with NSCL +/- P. Methods: This multicenter study evaluated the association of 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in AXIN2 and CDH1, representing genes consistently altered in breast and gastric tumors, with NSCL +/- P in 223 trios (father, mother and patient with NSCL +/- P) by transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). Results: Our results showed that the minor A allele of rs7210356 (p = 0.01) and the T-G-G-A-G haplotype formed by rs7591, rs7210356, rs4791171, rs11079571 and rs3923087 SNPs (p = 0.03) in AXIN2 were significantly under-transmitted to patients with NSCL +/- P. In CDH1 gene, the C-G-A-A and A-G-A-G haplotypes composed by rs16260, rs9929218, rs7186053 and rs4783573 polymorphisms were respectively over-transmitted (p = 0.01) and under-transmitted (p = 0.008) from parents to the children with NSCL +/- P. Conclusions: The results suggest that polymorphic variants in AXIN2 and CDH1 may be associated with NSCL +/- P susceptibility, and reinforce the putative link between cancer and oral clefts.1839Foundation of Minas Gerais - FAPEMIGNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPqCoordination of Improvement of High Education Personnel (CAPES) and Procad/CasadinhoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Quinoline- and benzoselenazole-derived unsymmetrical squaraine cyanine dyes: design, synthesis, photophysicochemical features and light-triggerable antiproliferative effects against breast cancer cell lines

Photodynamic therapy is an innovative treatment approach broadly directed towards oncological diseases. Its applicability and efficiency are closely related to the interaction of three main components, namely a photosensitizer, light and molecular triplet oxygen, which should drive cell death. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that squaraine cyanine dyes have a set of photophysical and photochemical properties that have made of these compounds’ potential photosensitizers for this therapeutic modality. In the present research work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of four quinoline- and benzoselenazole-derived unsymmetrical squaraine cyanine dyes. Except for the precursor of aminosquaraine dyes, i.e., O-methylated derivative, all dyes were evaluated for their behavior and absorption capacity in different organic and aqueous solvents, their ability to form singlet oxygen, their light-stability, and in vitro phototherapeutic effects against two human breast cancer cell cultures (BT-474 and MCF-7). Regardless of the nature of the used solvents, the synthesized dyes showed intense absorption in the red and near-infrared spectral regions, despite the formation of aggregates in aqueous media. Dyes showed high light-stability against light exposure. Despite the low ability to produce singlet oxygen, aminosquaraine dyes demonstrated worthy in vitro phototherapeutic activity.This research was funded by the European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI under projects POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 (CITAB) and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491 (CICS-UBI) and Funds by FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and technology, under the projects UIDB/ 04033/2020 (CITAB) and UIDB/ 00616/2020 (CQ-VR). This work was also supported by funds from the Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI) through National Funds by FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology (UID/Multi/00709/2019).The research at iBB was supported by Project UID/NAN/50024/2019 and M-ERA-NET/0002/2015 from FCT. E.L. was supported by the FCT PhD grant SFRH/BD/147645/2019.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Femtosecond Two-Photon Absorption Spectroscopy Of Copper Indium Sulfide Quantum Dots: A Structure-Optical Properties Relationship

We have interpreted the two-photon absorption spectrum of water-soluble copper indium sulfide (CIS) QDs with stoichiometry 0.18 (Cu), 0.42 (In), and 2 (S) and an average diameter of approximately 2.6 nm. For that, we employed the wavelength-tunable femtosecond Z-scan technique and the parabolic effective-mass approximation model, in which the excitonic transition energies were phenomenologically corrected due to the stoichiometry of the nanocrystal. This model considers a conduction band and three valence sub-bands allowing excitonic transitions via centrosymmetric (Δl = ±1, where l is the angular momentum of the absorbing state) and non-centrosymmetric (Δl = 0) channels. In such case, this became relevant because the CIS QDs with chalcopyrite crystalline structure is a non-centrosymmetric semiconductor. Thus, our experimental results pointed out two 2 PA allowed bands located at 715 nm (2hv = 3.47 eV) and 625 nm (2hv = 3.97 eV) with cross sections of (6.3 ± 1.0) x 102 GM and (4.5 ± 0.7) x 102 GM, respectively. According to the theoretical model, these 2 PA bands can be ascribed to the 1P1/2(h3) → 1S3/2(e) (lower energy band) and 1P1/2(hheavy) → 1S3/2(e) (90%)/(10%)1P1/2(hsplit-off) → 1P3/2(e) (higher energy band) excitonic transitions. A good agreement (magnitude and spectral position) between the experimental and theoretical data were obtained. However, our experimental data suggest that the higher-energy 2 PA band may have other contributions due to the mixing between the heavy- and the light-hole bands, which the effective mass model does not take into consideration

Impact of Environment and Social Gradient on Leptospira Infection in Urban Slums

Leptospirosis, a life-threatening zoonotic disease, has become an important urban slum health problem. Epidemics of leptospirosis now occur in cities throughout the developing world, as the growth of slum settlements has produced conditions for rat-borne transmission of this disease. In this prevalence survey of more than 3,000 residents from a favela slum community in Brazil, Geographical Information System (GIS) and modeling approaches identified specific deficiencies in the sanitation infrastructure of slum environments—open sewers, refuse, and inadequate floodwater drainage—that serve as sources for Leptospira transmission. In addition to the environmental attributes of the slum environment, low socioeconomic status was found to independently contribute to the risk of infection. These findings indicate that effective prevention of leptospirosis will need to address the social factors that produce unequal health outcomes among slum residents, in addition to improving sanitation

Cartilage restoration of patellofemoral lesions: a systematic review

Purpose This study aimed to systematically analyze the postoperative clinical, functional, and imaging outcomes, complications, reoperations, and failures following patellofemoral cartilage restoration surgery. Methods This review was conducted according to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to August 31, 2018, to identify clinical studies that assessed surgical outcomes of patellofemoral cartilage restoration surgery. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) was used to assess study quality. Results Forty-two studies were included comprising 1,311 knees (mean age of 33.7 years and 56% males) and 1,309 patellofemoral defects (891 patella, 254 trochlear, 95 bipolar, and 69 multiple defects, including the patella or trochlea) at a mean follow-up of 59.2 months. Restoration techniques included autologous chondrocyte implantation (56%), particulated juvenile allograft cartilage (12%), autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (9%), osteochondral autologous transplantation (9%), and osteochondral allograft transplantation (7%). Significant improvement in at least one score was present in almost all studies and these surpassed the minimal clinically important difference threshold. There was a weighted 19%, 35%, and 6% rate of reported complications, reoperations, and failures, respectively. Concomitant patellofemoral surgery (51% of patients) mostly did not lead to statistically different postoperative outcomes. Conclusion Numerous patellofemoral restoration techniques result in significant functional improvement with a low rate of failure. No definitive conclusions could be made to determine the best surgical technique since comparative studies on this topic are rare, and treatment choice should be made according to specific patient and defect characteristics

SARS‐CoV2 pneumonia recovery is linked to expansion of innate lymphoid cells type 2 expressing CCR10

© 2021 The Authors. European Journal of Immunology published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.Accelerate lung repair in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is essential for pandemic handling. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are likely players, given their role in mucosal protection and tissue homeostasis. We studied ILC subpopulations at two time points in a cohort of patients admitted in the hospital due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 patients with moderate/severe respiratory failure featured profound depletion of circulating ILCs at hospital admission, in agreement with overall lymphocyte depletion. However, ILCs recovered in direct correlation with lung function improvement as measured by oxygenation index and in negative association with inflammatory and lung/endothelial damage markers like RAGE. While both ILC1 and ILC2 expanded, ILC2 showed the most striking phenotype changes, with CCR10 upregulation in strong correlation with these parameters. Overall, CCR10+ ILC2 emerge as relevant contributors to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia recovery.This work was funded by the following grants from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, through “APOIO ESPECIAL RESEARCH4COVID-19,” project numbers 125 to SMF and 803 to ACT. AMCG and GBF received fellowships funded by FCT (DOCTORATES4COVID-19, 2020.10202.BD) and JANSSEN- CILAG FARMACÊUTICA, respectively.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Liver accumulation of Plasmodium chabaudi-infected red blood cells and modulation of regulatory T Cell and dendritic cell responses

It is postulated that accumulation of malaria-infected Red Blood Cells (iRBCs) in the liver could be a parasitic escape mechanism against full destruction by the host immune system. Therefore, we evaluated the in vivo mechanism of this accumulation and its potential immunological consequences. A massive liver accumulation of P. c. chabaudi AS-iRBCs (PciRBCs) was observed by intravital microscopy along with an over expression of ICAM-1 on day 7 of the infection, as measured by qRT-PCR. Phenotypic changes were also observed in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and dendritic cells (DCs) that were isolated from infected livers, which indicate a functional role for Tregs in the regulation of the liver inflammatory immune response. In fact, the suppressive function of liver-Tregs was in vitro tested, which demonstrated the capacity of these cells to suppress naive T cell activation to the same extent as that observed for spleen-Tregs. On the other hand, it is already known that CD4+ T cells isolated from spleens of protozoan parasite-infected mice are refractory to proliferate in vivo. In our experiments, we observed a similar lack of in vitro proliferative capacity in liver CD4+ T cells that were isolated on day 7 of infection. It is also known that nitric oxide and IL-10 are partially involved in acute phase immunosuppression; we found high expression levels of IL-10 and iNOS mRNA in day 7-infected livers, which indicates a possible role for these\ud molecules in the observed immune suppression. Taken together, these results indicate that malaria parasite accumulation within the liver could be an escape mechanism to avoid sterile immunity sponsored by a tolerogenic environment.CAPES-FCT grant 258/2010CAPES-IGC grant 04/2012Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP grant 2009/53.889-0CAPES-FCT grant 258/2010FCT grant PTDC/EBB-BIO/115514/200

Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections in Brazilian Pediatric Patients: Microbiology, Epidemiology, and Clinical Features

Background: Nosocomial bloodstream infections (nBSIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality and are the most frequent type of nosocomial infection in pediatric patients.Methods: We identified the predominant pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibilities of nosocomial bloodstream isolates in pediatric patients (<= 16 years of age) in the Brazilian Prospective Surveillance for nBSIs at 16 hospitals from 12 June 2007 to 31 March 2010 (Br SCOPE project).Results: in our study a total of 2,563 cases of nBSI were reported by hospitals participating in the Br SCOPE project. Among these, 342 clinically significant episodes of BSI were identified in pediatric patients (<= 16 years of age). Ninety-six percent of BSIs were monomicrobial. Gram-negative organisms caused 49.0% of these BSIs, Gram-positive organisms caused 42.6%, and fungi caused 8.4%. the most common pathogens were Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (21.3%), Klebsiella spp. (15.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.6%), and Acinetobacter spp. (9.2%). the crude mortality was 21.6% (74 of 342). Forty-five percent of nBSIs occurred in a pediatric or neonatal intensive-care unit (ICU). the most frequent underlying conditions were malignancy, in 95 patients (27.8%). Among the potential factors predisposing patients to BSI, central venous catheters were the most frequent (66.4%). Methicillin resistance was detected in 37 S. aureus isolates (27.1%). of the Klebsiella spp. isolates, 43.2% were resistant to ceftriaxone. of the Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 42.9% and 21.4%, respectively, were resistant to imipenem.Conclusions: in our multicenter study, we found a high mortality and a large proportion of gram-negative bacilli with elevated levels of resistance in pediatric patients.Pfizer, Inc.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Inst Oncol Pediat IOP GRAAC, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilHosp 9 Julho, São Paulo, BrazilSanta Casa Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Conceicao, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Base, Brasilia, DF, BrazilHosp Walter Cantidio, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilHosp Diadema, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Espanhol, Salvador, BA, BrazilHosp Coracao, Natal, RN, BrazilHosp UNIMED, Natal, RN, BrazilHosp Clin Goiania, Goiania, Go, BrazilHosp Rim & Hipertensao, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, BrazilVirginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2006/57700-0Web of Scienc