A MEDIAÇÃO INTERCULTURAL A LUZ DA AGENDA 2030: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA O OBJETIVO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL Nº. 16

O presente trabalho (através de metodologia dialética-dedutiva, feita a partir da análise crítica de referencial bibliográfico) aborda, primeiramente, a interculturalidade, indicando conceito e importância, para, em seguida, avaliar os conflitos nascidos do interculturalismo. Após, indica o papel fundamental da mediação (como mecanismo pacífico e sustentável de solução de conflitos) para a viabilização do diálogo intercultural. Por fim, analisa a mediação intercultural como instrumento de obtenção do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável nº. 16, da Agenda 2030, da Organização das Nações Unidas, de modo a edificar instituições resilientes e inclusivas, que proporcionem dignidade da pessoa humana para as presentes e futuras gerações

APLICAÇÃO DA LÓGICA FUZZY NA SEGURANÇA E SAÚDE DO TRABALHO

O Brasil vem se destacando há alguns anos como o país que mais ocorrem acidentes de trabalho em diversos setores, como indústria da produção e construção civil. Acidentes de trabalho são aqueles que ocorrem no exercício do trabalho a serviço da empresa, provocando lesão temporária ou permanente, ou até mesmo a morte. A inteligência artificial pode contribuir como uma ferramenta promissora na redução de acidentes por ser um campo de conhecimentos que pode apoiar a tomada de decisões de um modo mais simples e mais preciso do que outros métodos, como a gestão por indicadores. A lógica Fuzzy, ou lógica difusa, vem sendo usada para o processo de avaliação de riscos a fim de minimizar a ocorrência de acidentes dentro dos locais de trabalho. Ela encontra-se dentro do campo de conhecimentos da Inteligência Artificial, associada ao processo de tomada de decisões empresariais. Com o objetivo de procurar entender melhor a aplicabilidade da utilização da lógica Fuzzy no processo de avaliação e priorização de riscos, esse trabalho pretende fazer uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando o Methodi Ordinatio

Aspectos histológico das vilosidades intestinais de Tambaquis (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1818) selvagens e de cultivo / histological aspects of intestinal villosities in Tambaquis (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1818) wild and cultivated

No presente trabalho foram avaliadas as características das vilos (área e comprimento) de tambaquis selvagem (S) e de piscicultura (P). Para tal, foram utilizados 6 espécimes de tambaqui, sendo 3 de piscicultura e 3 de ambiente natural. Assim, a área (seu perímetro - AV) e comprimento (medida da base ao ápice - CV) de 18 vilosidades foram mensuradas. Os valores médios de AV e CV foram submetidos ao teste t e apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos de peixes, onde (AVS = 13.690,71 ± 12.309,46 µm; AVP = 44.771,93 ± 23.793,75 µm; t = -3.480; df = 16; p = 0,003) e (CVS = 303,93 ± 164,75 µm; CVP = 505.89 ± 190,03 µm; t = -2.409; df = 16; p = 0,028). A análise de regressão linear mostrou que AV e CV em relação ao peso total (PT) e comprimento furcal (CF) dos peixes selvagens, não apresentaram correlação, r2 < 0,02. Por outro lado, as mesmas variáveis apresentaram linearidade positiva variando entre fraca e boa em relação ao peso total (AV vs PT:  r2 = 0,31; r = 0,56 e CV vs PT:  r2 = 0,12; r = 0,34) e o comprimento furcal (AV vs CF:  r2 = 0,42; r = 0,65 e CV vs CF:  r2 = 0,27; r = 0,52) dos peixes de piscicultura. Conclui-se que as vilosidades podem ser utilizadas para diferenciar grupos distintos de animais por ambiente e hábito alimentar. 

Do mel (ao arco das) cinzas: sobre a ecologia das abelhas e dos territórios dos povos indígenas isolados na fronteira amazônica

The eastern and southwestern borders of the Amazon have been the scene of an intense process of deforestation and land grabbing, where through the use of fire, the systematic conversion of forests into monocultures and pastures for cattle is carried out. In this context, the soil is being poisoned by the (de)regulation of the use of pesticides, and rivers and streams are disappearing more quickly. With the extermination of pollinators, soon all the agricultural production systems of this great region will be directly impacted, and little by little, the arch of fire, as this territory is known, will become an arch of ash and ruins. But there are other less obvious but no less worrisome impacts in this dramatic destructive process. This territory corresponds to the home of all the uncontacted Tupi indigenous peoples of the Brazilian Amazon. Communities that, like the Awá-Guajá of Maranhão and Kagwahiva of Mato Grosso, are formed by very small groups that live in the last forest strongholds of these Amazonian frontiers. The extinction of bees in these territories jeopardizes the deep relationship between indigenous peoples and this entomofauna, and the pattern of mobility and itinerancy related to the collection and extraction of honey, a practice of great relevance in this indigenous Tupi context.As fronteiras do leste e sudoeste amazônico têm sido palco de intenso processo de desmatamento e grilagem de terras públicas, onde, via a utilização do fogo, é realizada a conversão sistemática de florestas em monoculturas e pastagens para o gado. Neste contexto, os solos vão sendo envenenados pela (des) regulamentação do uso de agrotóxicos e rios e igarapés vão desaparecendo mais rapidamente. Com o extermínio dos polinizadores, logo todos os sistemas de produção agrícola desta grande região se verão diretamente impactados, e aos poucos, o arco do fogo, como é conhecido esse território, vai se convertendo em um arco de cinzas e ruínas. Mas há outros impactos menos evidentes, mas não menos preocupantes, neste dramático processo destrutivo. Esse território corresponde ao lar de todos os povos indígenas isolados tupi da Amazônia brasileira. Comunidades que, a exemplo dos Awá-Guajá do Maranhão e Kagwahiva do Mato Grosso, são formados por grupos bastante reduzidos e que vivem nos últimos redutos florestais destas fronteiras amazônicas. A extinção das abelhas nesses territórios coloca em xeque uma profunda relação dos povos indígenas e esta entomofauna, expressa no padrão de mobilidade e itinerância relacionados à coleta e extração do mel, prática de grande relevância neste contexto indígena tupi

Positive correlation between fluoride release and acid erosion of restorative glass-ionomer cements.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between acid erosion and fluoride release of conventional glass ionomer cements. METHODS: Ten specimens for each material were prepared for fluoride release tests and five for acid erosion tests separately. After placed in pH cycling solution, concentration of fluoride was measured by a fluoride-ion selective electrode each day for 15 days. For the acid erosion test, specimens were immersed in a lactic acid solution and their depth measured with a spring-loaded dial gauge. The data were submitted to 3-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test (p0.05). The highest acid erosion values were registered for Magic Glass, Ion Z, VitroFil and Maxxion R, which exceeded the maximum stipulated by the relevant ISO test (ISO 9917-1). A positive linear correlation (r2=0.4886) was found for both properties, i.e., higher fluoride release is related to higher acid erosion. SIGNIFICANCE: Acid erosion and fluoride release are related properties of GICs, though factors such as pH and P/L ratio lead to differences between actual values for individual brands of these materials

Ageing and dementia in low and middle income countries - Using research to engage with public and policy makers

Abstract While two thirds of the 24 million people with dementia worldwide live in low and middle income countries, very little research has been conducted to support policy making in these regions. Among the non-communicable diseases, dementia (in common with other chronic NCDs linked more to long-term disability than to mortality) has been relatively under-prioritized. International agreements, plans and policy guidelines have called for an end to ageist discrimination and a focus upon reducing disadvantage arising from poverty and the consequences of ill health. Social protection, access to good quality age-appropriate healthcare and addressing the problem of disability are all key issues. However, as yet, little progress has been made in addressing these concerns. In this review we outline the current international policy agenda for older individuals, and its specific relevance to those with dementia and other disabling non-communicable diseases. We consider the potential for epidemiological research to raise awareness, refine the policy agenda, and promote action, using the example of the dissemination strategy developed by the 10/66 Dementia Research Group

Photobiomodulation reduces the cytokine storm syndrome associated with Covid-19 in the zebrafish model

Although the exact mechanism of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not fully understood, oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been highlighted as playing a vital role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this sense, alternative treatments are needed to reduce the inflammation caused by COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential effect of red PBM as an attractive therapy to downregulate the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 from a zebrafish model. RT-PCR analyses and protein-protein interaction prediction among SARS-CoV-2 and Danio rerio proteins showed that rSpike was responsible for generating systemic inflammatory processes with significantly increased pro-inflammatory (il1b, il6, tnfa, and nfkbiab), oxidative stress (romo1) and energy metabolism (slc2a1a, coa1) mRNA markers, with a pattern like those observed in COVID-19 cases in humans. On the other hand, PBM treatment decreased the mRNA levels of these pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers compared with rSpike in various tissues, promoting an anti-inflammatory response. Conversely, PBM promotes cellular and tissue repair of injured tissues and significantly increases the survival rate of rSpike-inoculated individuals. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that the most impacted metabolic pathways between PBM and the rSpike-treated groups were related to steroid metabolism, immune system, and lipids metabolism. Together, our findings suggest that the inflammatory process is an incisive feature of COVID-19, and red PBM can be used as a novel therapeutic agent for COVID-19 by regulating the inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the need for more clinical trials remains, and there is a significant gap to overcome before clinical trials.publishedVersio

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt