Ultra-processed foods, incident overweight and obesity, and longitudinal changes in weight and waist circumference : the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Objective: To evaluate the association of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with gains in weight and waist circumference, and incident overweight/obesity, in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort. Design: We applied FFQ at baseline and categorized energy intake by degree of processing using the NOVA classification. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured at baseline and after a mean 3·8-year follow-up. We assessed associations, through Poisson regression with robust variance, of UPF consumption with large weight gain (1·68 kg/year) and large waist gain (2·42 cm/year), both being defined as ≥90th percentile in the cohort, and with incident overweight/obesity. Setting: Brazil. Participants: Civil servants of Brazilian public academic institutions in six cities (n 11 827), aged 35–74 years at baseline (2008–2010). Results: UPF provided a mean 24·6 (SD 9·6) % of ingested energy. After adjustment for smoking, physical activity, adiposity and other factors, fourth (>30·8 %) v. first (17·8 % of energy as UPF. Conclusions: Greater UPF consumption predicts large gains in overall and central adiposity and may contribute to the inexorable rise in obesity seen worldwide

Análise dos Indicadores de Neoplasia Maligna de Estômago no Brasil, no Período entre 2013 e 2023

INTRODUCTION: Stomach malignancy, or gastric cancer, refers to the disordered growth of malignant cells in the lining of the stomach, resulting in a tumor that can invade adjacent tissues and spread to other parts of the body. Considered one of the main causes of cancer mortality worldwide, this condition is especially prevalent in developing countries. This article will analyze the hospitalizations, deaths and mortality rates associated with this condition, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and advanced therapeutic interventions. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to quantify and analyze the rates of hospitalizations, deaths and mortality rates due to stomach malignancy in Brazil. METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective study with a quantitative approach, carried out from data collection by the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), made available by the secondary database of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (TABNET /DATASUS). The data studied referred to hospitalizations, deaths and the mortality rate due to malignant neoplasia of the stomach in Brazil in the period between January 2013 and December 2023. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, tabulation in an electronic spreadsheet using the Microsoft Excel program 2016 arranged in tables using Microsoft Word 10. RESULTS: From January 2013 to December 2023, 316,228 hospitalizations for malignant stomach neoplasia were recorded in Brazil. The Southeast Region had the highest percentage of hospitalizations (43.25%), followed by the South Region (24.02%). In the same period, there were 48,785 deaths, with the highest concentration also in the Southeast Region (48.28%). The mortality rate varied between 12.16 in the South Region and 22.39 in the North Region. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the analysis highlights significant regional disparities in the management of stomach malignancy in Brazil, highlighting the urgent need for public policies to improve access to early diagnosis and treatment, especially in regions with high mortality rates, such as the North. Specific regional strategies are crucial to reducing inequalities in the care and treatment of this condition, promoting a more equitable distribution of healthcare resources and improving outcomes for patients across the country.INTRODUÇÃO: A neoplasia maligna de estômago, ou câncer gástrico, refere-se ao crescimento desordenado de células malignas no revestimento do estômago, resultando em um tumor que pode invadir tecidos adjacentes e se disseminar para outras partes do corpo. Considerada uma das principais causas de mortalidade por câncer mundialmente, essa condição é especialmente prevalente em países em desenvolvimento. Este artigo analisará as internações, óbitos e taxa de mortalidade associados a essa condição, destacando a importância do diagnóstico precoce e das intervenções terapêuticas avançadas. OBJETIVO: Este estudo visa quantificar e analisar as taxas de internações, óbitos e taxa de mortalidade por neoplasia maligna de estômago no Brasil. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado a partir de coleta de dados pelo Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS), disponibilizados pela base de dados secundária do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (TABNET/DATASUS). Os dados estudados referiam-se às internações, aos óbitos e à taxa de mortalidade por neoplasia maligna de estômago no Brasil no período entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2023. A análise foi realizada por estatística descritiva, tabulação em planilha eletrônica do programa Microsoft Excel 2016 disposta em tabelas pelo Microsoft Word 10. RESULTADOS: No período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2023, foram registradas 316.228 internações por neoplasia maligna de estômago no Brasil. A Região Sudeste apresentou a maior porcentagem de internações (43,25%), seguida pela Região Sul (24,02%). No mesmo período, ocorreram 48.785 óbitos, com a maior concentração também na Região Sudeste (48,28%). A taxa de mortalidade variou entre 12,16 na Região Sul e 22,39 na Região Norte. CONCLUSÃO: Portanto, a análise evidencia disparidades regionais significativas no manejo da neoplasia maligna de estômago no Brasil, destacando a necessidade urgente de políticas públicas para melhorar o acesso ao diagnóstico precoce e tratamento, especialmente nas regiões com altas taxas de mortalidade, como o Norte. Estratégias regionais específicas são cruciais para reduzir as desigualdades no cuidado e tratamento dessa condição, promovendo uma distribuição mais equitativa dos recursos de saúde e melhorando os resultados para os pacientes em todo o país

Tamponamento intrauterino induzido por vácuo para hemorragia pós-parto: uma revisão sistemática

A hemorragia pós-parto (HPP) é uma complicação grave e uma das principais causas de mortalidade materna global, respondendo por aproximadamente 25% de todos os óbitos maternos. A busca por intervenções eficazes e seguras é crítica para melhorar os desfechos maternos. O tamponamento intrauterino induzido por vácuo (VHD) surgiu como uma abordagem promissora, oferecendo potencial para rápido controle do sangramento e redução da necessidade de procedimentos invasivos. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a eficácia, segurança e aplicabilidade na prática clínica moderna. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura de 2016 a 2024 nas bases de dados PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library e SciELO. A seleção dos estudos foi baseada em critérios de inclusão e exclusão rigorosos, focando na eficácia, segurança e aplicabilidade do VHD para tratamento da HPP. Três estudos chave foram analisados, com pacientes submetidos ao tratamento com VHD para HPP. Os resultados demonstraram uma taxa de sucesso no tratamento variando de 73% a 94%, com um controle do sangramento alcançado em uma média de 3 minutos. Foi observada uma redução significativa na necessidade de transfusões maciças de sangue e na perda de sangue estimada quando comparado com o tamponamento com balão uterino. Eventos adversos foram relatados, mas todos resolveram-se sem sequelas graves. O tamponamento intrauterino induzido por vácuo apresenta-se como uma opção promissora no tratamento da hemorragia pós-parto, com resultados consistentes indicando eficácia no controle do sangramento e redução na necessidade de transfusões sanguíneas. Embora os resultados sejam encorajadores, mais estudos são necessários para confirmar essas descobertas e explorar plenamente o potencial do VHD na prática clínica. O VHD emerge como uma alternativa eficaz e segura, com potencial para melhorar significativamente os desfechos maternos e reduzir a morbimortalidade associada à HPP

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Pemphigus Vulgaris in the Mouth and Esophageal Mucosa

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic autoimmune mucocutaneous disease. In most cases, the initial manifestation occurs in the mouth as multiple ulcerations preceded by blisters that rupture and later spread to other mucous membranes and the skin. Esophageal impairment is rare. We report a case of PV with esophageal involvement in a 53-year-old woman who sought medical care, complaining of diffuse painful lesions in the oral cavity for approximately 1 month, with no improvement with nystatin. Upper digestive endoscopy (UDE) was performed with findings of vesiculobullous lesions in the proximal and middle esophagus, which were biopsied and for which histopathology confirmed PV in the esophageal mucosa. We draw attention to UDE as important for the diagnosis, and it should be indicated in patients with vesiculobullous lesions of the mouth, especially if there are esophageal complaints

AMAZONIA CAMTRAP: A data set of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest

The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer-reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non-invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal, bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data set comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals: Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and other human-mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using these data