Lipid oxidation dysregulation: an emerging player in the pathophysiology of sepsis

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by abnormal host response to infection. Millions of people are affected annually worldwide. Derangement of the inflammatory response is crucial in sepsis pathogenesis. However, metabolic, coagulation, and thermoregulatory alterations also occur in patients with sepsis. Fatty acid mobilization and oxidation changes may assume the role of a protagonist in sepsis pathogenesis. Lipid oxidation and free fatty acids (FFAs) are potentially valuable markers for sepsis diagnosis and prognosis. Herein, we discuss inflammatory and metabolic dysfunction during sepsis, focusing on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) alterations in the liver and muscle (skeletal and cardiac) and their implications in sepsis development

A sportomics soccer investigation unveils an exercise-induced shift in tyrosine metabolism leading to hawkinsinuria

Tyrosine metabolism has an intense role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters. Our study used an untargeted, sportomics-based analysis of urine samples to investigate changes in metabolism during a soccer match in 30 male junior professional soccer players. Samples were collected before and after the match and analyzed using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Results showed significant changes in tyrosine metabolism. Exercise caused a downregulation of the homogentisate metabolites 4-maleylacetoacetate and succinylacetone to 20% (p = 4.69E−5) and 16% (p = 4.25E−14), respectively. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate, a homogentisate precursor, was found to be upregulated by 26% (p = 7.20E−3). The concentration of hawkinsin and its metabolite 4-hydroxycyclohexyl acetate increased ~six-fold (p = 1.49E−6 and p = 9.81E−6, respectively). Different DOPA metabolism pathways were also affected by exercise. DOPA and dopaquinone increased four-to six-fold (p = 5.62E−14 and p = 4.98E−13, respectively). 3-Methoxytyrosine, indole-5,6-quinone, and melanin were downregulated from 1 to 25%, as were dopamine and tyramine (decreasing to up to 5% or 80%; p= 5.62E−14 and p = 2.47E−2, respectively). Blood TCO2 decreased as well as urinary glutathione and glutamate (40% and 10% respectively) associated with a two-fold increase in pyroglutamate. Our study found unexpected similarities between exercise-induced changes in metabolism and the inherited disorder Hawkinsinuria, suggesting a possible transient condition called exercise-induced hawkinsinuria (EIh). Additionally, our research suggests changes in DOPA pathways may be involved. Our findings suggest that soccer exercise could be used as a model to search for potential countermeasures in Hawkinsinuria and other tyrosine metabolism disorders

Erratum to: The study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents – ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents

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Determinantes Clínicos e Moleculares da Resposta ao Tratamento Neoadjuvante em Câncer de Mama: Uma Revisão Sistemática

This article presents a systematic review of the clinical and molecular determinants of response to neoadjuvant treatment in patients with breast cancer. Searches were conducted in scientific databases to identify relevant studies investigating factors associated with response to neoadjuvant treatment. The results highlighted the importance of tumor molecular subtype, patient clinical characteristics, and biomarker expression in predicting treatment response. Understanding these determinants can provide valuable insights for clinical practice and guide future research on breast cancer management.Este artigo apresenta uma revisão sistemática dos determinantes clínicos e moleculares da resposta ao tratamento neoadjuvante em pacientes com câncer de mama. Foram realizadas buscas em bases de dados científicas para identificar estudos relevantes que investigassem os fatores associados à resposta ao tratamento neoadjuvante. Os resultados destacaram a importância do subtipo molecular do tumor, características clínicas do paciente e expressão de biomarcadores na predição da resposta ao tratamento. A compreensão desses determinantes pode fornecer insights valiosos para a prática clínica e orientar futuras pesquisas sobre o manejo do câncer de mama

Consenso brasileiro para o tratamento da esclerose múltipla : Academia Brasileira de Neurologia e Comitê Brasileiro de Tratamento e Pesquisa em Esclerose Múltipla

O crescent arsenal terapêutico na esclerose múltipla (EM) tem permitido tratamentos mais efetivos e personalizados, mas a escolha e o manejo das terapias modificadoras da doença (TMDs) tem se tornado cada vez mais complexos. Neste contexto, especialistas do Comitê Brasileiro de Tratamento e Pesquisa em Esclerose Múltipla e do Departamento Científico de Neuroimunologia da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia reuniram-se para estabelecer este Consenso Brasileiro para o Tratamento da EM, baseados no entendimento de que neurologistas devem ter a possibilidade de prescrever TMDs para EM de acordo com o que é melhor para cada paciente, com base em evidências e práticas atualizadas. Por meio deste documento, propomos recomendações práticas para o tratamento da EM, com foco principal na escolha e no manejo das TMDs, e revisamos os argumentos que embasam as estratégias de tratamento na EM.The expanding therapeutic arsenal in multiple sclerosis (MS) has allowed for more effective and personalized treatment, but the choice and management of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) is becoming increasingly complex. In this context, experts from the Brazilian Committee on Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and the Neuroimmunology Scientific Department of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology have convened to establish this Brazilian Consensus for the Treatment of MS, based on their understanding that neurologists should be able to prescribe MS DMTs according to what is better for each patient, based on up-to-date evidence and practice. We herein propose practical recommendations for the treatment of MS, with the main focus on the choice and management of DMTs, as well as present a review of the scientific rationale supporting therapeutic strategies in MS

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Paradigmas positivistas nas reformas educacionais do (des)governo Temer: Do Escola sem partido ao Novo Ensino Médio

O presente artigo pretende contextualizar a crise política atual no Brasil e realizar apontamentos sobre o movimento Escola Sem Partido e a Reforma do Ensino Médio do governo Temer. Nossa escolha justifica-se, por tais projetos expressarem uma “nova” forma de pensar o Estado, a escola e os movimentos civis sob uma lógica cada vez mais regulada, e sob uma concepção de controle dos currículos e propostas pedagógicas que destoam de todas as elaborações já produzidas em outros países que tendem a caminhar para uma perspectiva da gestão democrática, e que em nada tem a ver com tais propostas. Contextualizado a política em crise no Brasil, apresentadas as propostas de ambos os projetos, e explicitado o motivo da junção das proposições legislativas em análises, partimos para a averiguação da veracidade de seus argumentos e dos possíveis caminhos que modernizariam a educação e resolveriam o problema de déficit de aprendizagem que temos. Ao analisarmos os critérios para a aplicação de tais medidas, compreendemos que tanto o projeto de reforma do Ensino Médio, quando o programa “Escola sem Partido” partem de análises rasas da realidade. As mudanças propostas pela Lei 13. 415/2017 e o PL 867/2015, escamoteiam a verdade, confundem a comunidade escolar, desfocam o real problema da educação básica, principalmente do Ensino Médio