TRIAGEM FITOQUÍMICA E ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE DE Arctium lappa Linne E Myrcianthes pungens

A Bardana (Arctium lappa Linne) é uma planta perene, originária da Europa, pertencente à família Asteraceae. Esta planta é conhecida mundialmente e propaga-se espontaneamente por todo o Brasil. Caracteriza-se por apresentar folhas grandes e flores arroxeadas, podendo chegar a 2,5 metros de altura. Guabiju conhecido por guabijuzeiro (Myrcianthes pungens) é uma árvore perenifólia que pertence à família Myrtaceae e atinge 15 a 25 m de altura cujas folhas apresentam ápice espinescente muito característico, ocorre no Brasil desde São Paulo até o Rio Grande do Sul. Este estudo teve por objetivo principal verificar e identificar os compostos químicos presentes em farinhas de folhas e no extrato hidroalcoólico de folhas de Bardana e Guabiju através de triagem fotoquímicas por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) e análise antioxidante pelo método de DPPH. Todos os experimentos foram feitos em triplicata. Para identificação dos compostos, foi aplicado na placa de sílica, soluções de padrões autênticos (Sigma®) na mesma concentração da solução amostra. Os resultados mostram que ambas as plantas, Bardana e Guabiju, apresentaram atividades antioxidantes significativa e a análise fitoquímica evidenciou a presença de catequinas, flavonoides, taninos, quercetina, ácido fenólico, ácido gálico e ausência de alcaloides. Os extratos mostraram-se mais concentrados do que as farinhas (maior intensidade das manchas nas placas de CCD e maior atividade antioxidante no teste de DPPH). Conclui-se que ambos os compostos testados apresentam potencial antoxidante, o que pode justificar o uso de tais plantas no combate ou prevenção das consequências causadas pelo estresse oxidativo

Essential Oils as an Innovative Approach against Biofilm of Multidrug-Resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens that cause recurrent, chronic, and biofilm-related diseases. Biofilms are the major form of bacterial structures capable of secreting polysaccharides that provide intrinsic protection against environmental stress like high concentrations of antibiotics. This, along with the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, has made S. aureus infections a worldwide problem as a result of the inefficiency of the conventional medications. Plant essential oils (EOs) are an important source for drug discovery and pharmaceutical development due to their diverse biological activities, such as antimicrobial agents. The EOs’ microbicide action is extensively reported at the scientific literature and frequently associated with bioactive molecules, such as aldehydes and terpenes. However, the ability of some EOs to inhibit biofilm formation has been poorly explored and it is still unclear how they could be applied in specific treatments against well-known infections. Therefore, this chapter will address virulence factors and biofilm formation of S. aureus, as well as bioprospecting of essential oil as a promising source in the search for new bioactive compounds employed in the fight against this microorganism

Can pruning enhance the allelopathic effect? A study with Golden-Dewdrop

Golden-Dewdrop (Duranta erecta L.), known for its landscaping applications, undergoes successive pruning to maintain its ornamental structure, a practice known to induce numerous physiological and chemical responses in the plant. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of pruning and different extraction methods on the allelopathic potential of Golden-Dewdrop on the germination and initial growth of lettuce. Leaf extracts were obtained by decoction (hot) and maceration (cold) at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, with distilled water as a negative control. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was performed for phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanidins, tannins, cardioactive heterosides, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenes. For the bioassay, germinative and morphological parameters were measured and characterized. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and for quantitative data, regression models were adjusted, while for qualitative data, means were compared using the Scott-Knott test with 5% significance. Significant differences were observed between extraction methods and management practices, with the hot aqueous extract from pruned plants significantly reducing germination at higher concentrations. The initial growth of lettuce was severely affected, presenting numerous morphological abnormalities, with severe damage to the root system at all concentrations. This study suggests that pruning practices have a modulating effect on the allelopathic activity of Golden-Dewdrop, providing valuable information for landscaping projects and botanical studies considering its evaluation and production of phytotoxic phytochemicals

SAÚDE MENTAL: INTERVENÇÕES MULTIDISCIPLINAR NO TRATAMENTO E DIAGNÓSTICO.

Multidisciplinary disciplines in mental health treatment and diagnosis represent a comprehensive and collaborative approach to dealing with psychological and emotional issues. This model involves the synergy of professionals from different areas, such as psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, occupational therapists and nurses, working together to diagnose and treat mental disorders. The main advantage of this approach is the ability to offer a broad, holistic view of an individual's mental health challenges. A multidisciplinary team is capable of carrying out more comprehensive assessments, taking into account not only symptoms, but also the social, emotional and physical aspects that can influence a person's mental health. By combining specialties, the team can create personalized treatment plans, combining different therapies and approaches to meet patients' individual needs. This collaboration allows the application of varied methods, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication disciplines, occupational therapy and counseling. Furthermore, this approach is not limited to treatment; it also seeks prevention and education, evolves to reduce the stigma surrounding mental illnesses and promote awareness. Communication and cooperation between professionals is essential, ensuring that everyone is aligned and updated on the patient's progress. This integration facilitates continuous adjustments to treatment, adapting it according to evolving needs. In summary, multidisciplinary interventions in mental health represent a collaborative and comprehensive approach that detects the complexity of mental disorders, promoting more complete and personalized care, evolving towards the patient's recovery and overall well-being. &nbsp;As disciplinas multidisciplinares no tratamento e diagnóstico de saúde mental representam uma abordagem abrangente e colaborativa para lidar com questões psicológicas e emocionais. Esse modelo envolve a sinergia de profissionais de diversas áreas, como psicólogos, psiquiatras, assistentes sociais, terapeutas ocupacionais e enfermeiros, trabalhando juntos para diagnosticar e tratar distúrbios mentais. A principal vantagem dessa abordagem é a capacidade de oferecer uma visão ampla e holística dos desafios de saúde mental de um indivíduo. Uma equipe multidisciplinar é capaz de realizar avaliações mais abrangentes, levando em consideração não apenas os sintomas, mas também os aspectos sociais, emocionais e físicos que podem influenciar a saúde mental de uma pessoa. Ao unir especialidades, a equipe pode elaborar planos de tratamento personalizados, combinando diversas terapias e abordagens para atender às necessidades individuais dos pacientes. Essa colaboração permite a aplicação de métodos variados, como terapia cognitivo-comportamental, disciplinas medicamentosas, terapia ocupacional e aconselhamento. Além disso, essa abordagem não se limita ao tratamento; também busca a prevenção e educação, evolui para reduzir o estigma em torno das doenças mentais e promover a conscientização. A comunicação e a cooperação entre os profissionais são essenciais, garantindo que todos estejam alinhados e atualizados sobre o progresso do paciente. Essa integração facilita ajustes contínuos no tratamento, adaptando-o de acordo com as necessidades em evolução. Em resumo, as intervenções multidisciplinares em saúde mental representam uma abordagem colaborativa e abrangente que detecta a complexidade dos distúrbios mentais, promovendo um cuidado mais completo e personalizado, evoluindo para a recuperação e o bem-estar global do paciente

ESTUDO DA QUALIDADE DAS ÁGUAS DO RIO MAROMBAS (SC/BRASIL), UTILIZANDO PARÂMETROS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS E BIOENSAIOS.

O presente trabalho propôs realizar estudos preliminares de avaliação da qualidade das águas do Rio Marombas (SC-Brasil), utilizando parâmetros físico-químicos e bioensaios. Amostras de águas do Rio Marombas foram coletadas em 3 pontos e realizada a determinação de pH, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), análise de agroquímicos, hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA’s), compostos orgânicos voláteis (COV’s) e bifenilas policloradas (PCB’s). Foram executados ensaios de toxicidade aguda (CL50) em microcrustáceos Artemia sp. e de fitotoxicidade em Allium cepa L. avaliada pela inibição de crescimento e peso de raízes e pelos biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo glutationa reduzida (GSH) e peroxidação lipídica. Os resultados dos parâmetros físico-químicos indicaram que os valores de pHestiveram compatíveis com padrões previstos pela legislação. Foi constatada a presença dos agroquímicos metomil nos Pontos 1 e 2 e metconazol no Ponto 1. Os bioensaios revelaram que não houve toxicidade em Artemia sp. e ausência de inibição de crescimento e peso de raízes em Allium cepa L. A concentração de GSH estava significativamente aumentada no Ponto 3 quando comparada ao Ponto 1 e ao controle negativo. Não foi observada diferença significativa na avaliação de peroxidação lipídica entre os diferentes grupos. Esses resultados indicam que as águas do Rio Marombas podem estar sendo contaminadas por agroquímicos, sugerindo a necessidade de implementação de sistema de monitoramento periódico de sua qualidade.Palavras-chave: rio Marombas; parâmetros físico-químicos; bioensaiosSTUDY OF WATER QUALITY FROM THE MAROMBAS RIVER (SC/BRAZIL) USING THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND BIOASSAYS.ABSTRACTThe present study proposed preliminary studies assessing the quality of water from the river Marombas (SCBrazil) using the physicochemical parameters and bioassays. Samples of water from Marombas river were collected at three points and it was determined the pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), concentration of agrochemicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s), volatile organic compounds (VOC`s) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB´s). Acute toxicity tests (LC50) were carried out in microcrustaceans Artemia sp. and phytotoxicity tests in Allium cepa L. assessed through theinhibition of growth and weight of roots and by biomarkers of oxidative stress reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation. The results of physicochemical parameters indicated that the pH values were consistent with standards established by the legislation. It could be observed the presence of the agrochemicals methomyl in Points 1 and 2 and metconazole in Point 1. The bioassays showed absence of the acute toxicity in Artemia sp. and there was no inhibition of growth and weight of roots in Allium cepa L. The concentration of GSH was significantly increased (P<0.05) in Point 3 when compared to Point 1 and the negative control. No significant difference could be observed in the evaluation of lipid peroxidation between different groups. These results demonstrate that the water of the Marombas river is contaminated by agrochemicals, suggesting the necessity of implementing a system of monitoring its quality.Key words: Marombas river, physicochemical parameters, bioassay

ENSINO INDIVIDUALIZADO: ADAPTAR O ENSINO DE ACORDO COM AS NECESSIDADES INDIVIDUAIS DE CADA ALUNO, OFERECENDO INSTRUÇÕES CLARAS, ORGANIZAÇÃO E ESTRUTURAÇÃO DAS TAREFAS, E FEEDBACK ESPECÍFICO E IMEDIATO.

Individualized teaching refers to the educational practice of personalizing the teaching process according to the individual needs and characteristics of each student. This includes providing clear and precise instructions, establishing an organizational structure for tasks, as well as offering specific and immediate feedback to promote development and learning. This approach aims to cater to the different skills, interests and learning styles of each student, providing an adaptable and flexible learning environment. By recognizing individual differences, educators can adjust content and teaching strategies to maximize each student's engagement and academic success. Specific and immediate feedback plays a crucial role in the individualized learning process, allowing students to understand their strengths and areas for improvement, as well as encouraging them to progress in their skills and knowledge. This contributes to building a solid foundation for students’ continued growth and development.O ensino individualizado refere-se à prática educacional de personalizar o processo de ensino de acordo com as necessidades e características individuais de cada aluno. Isso inclui fornecer instruções claras e precisas, estabelecer uma estrutura organizacional para as tarefas, bem como oferecer feedback específico e imediato para promover o desenvolvimento e o aprendizado. Essa abordagem visa atender às diferentes habilidades, interesses e estilos de aprendizagem de cada aluno, proporcionando um ambiente de aprendizagem adaptável e flexível. Ao reconhecer as diferenças individuais, os educadores podem ajustar o conteúdo e as estratégias de ensino para maximizar o engajamento e o sucesso acadêmico de cada aluno. O feedback específico e imediato desempenha um papel crucial no processo de aprendizagem individualizada, permitindo que os alunos compreendam seus pontos fortes e áreas de melhoria, além de incentivá-los a progredir em suas habilidades e conhecimentos. Isso contribui para a construção de uma base sólida para o crescimento e o desenvolvimento contínuo dos alunos

Genomic history of coastal societies from eastern South America

Sambaqui (shellmound) societies are among the most intriguing archaeological phenomena in pre-colonial South America, extending from approximately 8,000 to 1,000 years before present (yr bp) across 3,000 km on the Atlantic coast. However, little is known about their connection to early Holocene hunter-gatherers, how this may have contributed to different historical pathways and the processes through which late Holocene ceramists came to rule the coast shortly before European contact. To contribute to our understanding of the population history of indigenous societies on the eastern coast of South America, we produced genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals as early as 10,000 yr bp from four different regions in Brazil. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers were found to lack shared genetic drift among themselves and with later populations from eastern South America, suggesting that they derived from a common radiation and did not contribute substantially to later coastal groups. Our analyses show genetic heterogeneity among contemporaneous Sambaqui groups from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, contrary to the similarity expressed in the archaeological record. The complex history of intercultural contact between inland horticulturists and coastal populations becomes genetically evident during the final horizon of Sambaqui societies, from around 2,200 yr bp, corroborating evidence of cultural change

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio