純有機発光材料における逆項間交差の高速化とHyperfluorescence系への応用

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第24903号工博第5183号京都大学大学院工学研究科分子工学専攻(主査)教授 梶 弘典, 教授 関 修平, 教授 寺村 謙太郎学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDFA

Effect of a twin-emitter design strategy on a previously reported thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diode

Authors thank EU Horizon 2020 Grant Agreement No. 812872 (TADFlife) for funding this project. Further support was obtained by the Helmholtz Association Program at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). The German Research Foundation (formally Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG) in the framework of SFB1176 Cooperative Research Centre "Molecular Structuring of Soft Matter" (CRC1176, A4, B3, C2, C6) and the cluster 3D Matter Made To Order all funded under Germany’s Excellence Strategy 2082/1--390761711 are greatly acknowledged for financial contributions. We acknowledge support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the UK (grant EP/P010482/1), from the International Collaborative Research Program of Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University (grant # 2020-37 and 2021-37), and from JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20H05840 (Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas, “Dynamic Exciton”). ZZ acknowledges the financial support from the China Scholarship Council (CSC, 201606890009) for his PhD studies. EZ-C is a Royal Society Leverhulme Trust Senior Research fellow (SRF\R1\201089).In this work we showcase the emitter DICzTRZ in which we employed a twin-emitter design of our previously reported material, ICzTRZ . This new system presented a redshifted emission at 488 nm compared to that of ICzTRZ at 475 nm and showed a comparable photoluminescence quantum yield of 57.1% in a 20 wt% CzSi film versus 63.3% for ICzTRZ . The emitter was then incorporated within a solution-processed organic light-emitting diode that showed a maximum external quantum efficiency of 8.4%, with Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage coordinate of (0.22, 0.47), at 1 mA cm−2.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Promoting Reverse Intersystem Crossing in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence via Heavy-Atom Effect

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules are promising for realizing durable organic light-emitting diodes in all color regions. Fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) is a way of improving the device lifetime of TADF-based organic light-emitting diodes. To date, RISC rate constants (kRISC) of 10^8 s−1 have been reported for metal-free TADF molecules. Here, we report the heavy-atom effect on TADF and a molecular design for further promoting RISC. First, the RISC mechanism of a sulfur-containing TADF molecule (with kRISC of 10^8 s−1) was comprehensively investigated via density functional theory. The role of the heavy-atom effect on the rapid RISC process was clarified. Our calculations also predicted that much larger kRISC (>10^10 s−1) will be obtained for selenium- and tellurium-containing TADF molecules. However, a polonium-containing molecule promotes phosphorescence without exhibiting TADF, indicating that too strong heavy-atom effect is unfavorable for achieving both rapid RISC and efficient TADF

Infiltration and extravasation of intravenous infusions in children-value of high-quality care on outcome

Objective: To study the value of high-quality care on the outcome of infiltration and extravasation of peripheral intravenous infusions in children. Methods: After ethical approval for this retrospective cohort study, we conducted secondary data analysis on data collected on children <3 years, hospitalized in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University between January 2013 and September 2019. The study population was divided into control and high-quality care groups. The outcomes were severity of infiltration and extravasation of intravenous infusions graded by INS (Infusion Nurses society score). Ordinal logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent relationship of high-quality care and infiltration and extravasation, as well as to identify risk factors associated with the outcome of infiltration and extravasation. Results: During the study period, 2147 and 14121 children were assigned to the control and high-quality care groups, respectively. The ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the control group, the high-quality care group had a lower severity of infiltration and extravasation (odds ratio (OR): 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63-0.90). Additionally, the multivariable model also identified that the causes of infiltration and extravasation include agents with high osmolarity, poor condition of veins, guardianship negligence, and allergies to dressing materials. Conclusion: High-quality care was more effective in reducing the incidence and degree of infiltration and extravasation of peripheral intravenous infusions than the routine care given to the controls. Therefore, the high-quality care program is worth continuing. Keywords: Children; extravasation; infiltration; nurse; Continuous..