Assessment of genetic diversity in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using RAPD markers

The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of 10 wheat cultivars by Random Amplified Pol-ymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker. The genomic DNA of 10 wheat genotypes were amplified with 10 RAPD primers that produced 53 amplified band, out of which 23 band were polymorphic (43.39%). The number of fragment amplified per primer ranged from 4 to 9. Primer A01 generated maximum number of amplified band, out of which 5 band were polymorphic. Cluster analysis of wheat genotypes were based on UPGMA method. Cluster analysis of 10 wheat genotypes were classified in to two main group; single variety AKW 1071 was placed in first group and rest 9 variety were placed in second group. The pair wise similarity values ranged from 0.58% to 100% and showed that cultivars Raj-3765 and K-7903 were the closest with highest similarity value (100%), while genotypes AKW 1071 and K9006 showed minimum similarity value (62%). The present study indicated the presence of high genetic diversity among wheat cultivars, which could be used for the developing core collection of wheat germplasm for breeding purpose

MEASURING THE ATTITUDE OF RURAL YOUTH TOWARDS FARMING: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF HARYANA

Not AvailableThe present study was carried out to measure the attitude of rural youth towards farming. The study was conducted in Haryana and sample constituted 270 rural youth. They representedrandomlyselected 270 householdsfrom 18 villages and 9 blocks of Hisar district. Data on socio personal and socio psychological characteristics were collected through face to face interviews and observation using a pretested questionnaire. A five point scale developed by Hari (2014) was used to measure the attitude of rural youth towards farming. The study revealed that 75.19% of rural youth had moderately favourable attitude towards farming. Significant and positive relationship was observed with the age, family size, land holding, herd size, level of participation in farm activities with their attitude towards farming. It is suggested that there is a need of special efforts to attract, train and retain the rural youth in farming as a whole by developing more favourable attitude towards farming by transforming the agriculture and making it more agribusiness oriented, scientifically attractive, and economically profitabl

Performance of Compressive Sensing Based Energy Detection

Detailed workflow for Physical position search (DOCX 36 kb

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

An Analysis of Causes for Rural Youth Migrations

Not AvailableLarge migration of youth from rural to urban areas presents a complex challenge before the academicians, researchers and policy makers and call immediate attention. Keeping in view, the present study has been taken with the research objective to explore the interests of rural youth (15-29 yrs) of Hisar district of Haryana, their thoughts forcing them for urban migration and its after effects perceived by them. The data were collected from 270 rural youth came from 18 randomly selected villages personally through an personal interview schedule. The causes of migration were categorized into push and pull factors. About eighty per cent of the respondents wished to be migrated from rural to urban areas due to one or the another reasons.About 19 per cent still showed their desire to remain in their villages and continue to be as farmer with more scientific farming. 34.44 per cent youth preferred inter-district migration followed by intra-state. About 17 per cent youth showed their desire to be migrated within the district only for more homophilous environment. 95 per cent youth revealed that better job availability in urban areas (Rank I), better educational opportunities (Rank II) and better opportunities for more income (Rank III) were the major reasons for migration revealed by 91.74 and 87.61 per cent respectively. Respondents were also asked to reveal the after effects of migration perceived by them. 62 per cent respondents felt to go back to their villages after migration and work in agriculture related with improved techniques for better earning and ranked Ist based on its mean score (2.49). The other after effects revealed by 52.96 per cent respondents that they would earn more prestige /social recognition in the eyes of villagers as most significant and ranked IInd with 2.39 of mean score. The IIIrd major after effect revealed by youth was better socio economic status of the family and better purchasing power due to migration. Covering of crops by weather insurance revealed by 83.33 per cent youth followed by readily available entrepreneurial packages/models in the villages itself with skill development programs (77.40 %), raising agricultural productivity per unit of land (70.37 %), and support of private player to spread the extension services for better awareness and adoption of improved practices (66.30 %) as most important suggestions that ranked Ist, IInd, IIIrd and IVth, respectively for reducing the migration of youth to urban areas. The findings lead to recommendations to make the agriculture as lucrative and profitable occupation as outcome of the study for harnessing the huge potential of rural youth in farming of Hisar district and of those in similar situations

Organization and post-transcriptional processing of the psb B operon from chloroplasts of Populus deltoides

Chloroplast genes are typically organized into polycistronic transcription units that give rise to complex sets of mono- and oligo-cistronic overlapping RNAs through a series of processing steps. The psbB operon contains genes for the PSII (psbB, psbT, psbH) and cytochrome b6f (petB and petD) complexes which are needed in different amounts during chloroplast biogenesis. The functional significance of gene organization in this polycistronic unit, containing information for two different complexes, is not known and is of interest. To determine the organization and expression of these complexes, studies have been carried out on crop plants by different groups, but not much information is known about trees. We present the nucleotide sequences of PSII genes and RNA profiles of the genes located in the psbB operon from Populus deltoides, a tree species. Although the gene organization of this operon in P. deltoides is similar to that in other species, a few variations have been observed in the processing scheme

What the Parents Think About the Future of their Young Sons in Farming: A Case of Haryana

Not AvailableThe present study was carried out by using exploratory research design in the Hisar district of Haryana comprising nine blocks. Two villages from each block (18 villages) and from each village, five households were selected purposively having living father and his own young son between age of 15-29 yrs engaged in farming making a total of 180 respondents (90 son and 90 parents from 90 households). They were personally interviewed through two different interview schedules. The study revealed that majority of the parents as respondents belonged to low socio economic status. Respondents (parents and son) were classified as per their educational, occupational, economic, social and career aspiration for their children. Post graduation was the highest aspirations of 61.1 per cent parents followed by professional degree revealed by 21.1 per cent parents. On the contrary 48.89 per cent youth aspired for graduation as highest qualification followed by post graduation. Parents and sons had high aspirations for getting high income jobs and did not vary in their economic aspirations. Social aspirations were also found almost same of parents towards their children and sons towards themselves, both wished to be respectable as their major social aspiration. For sons, economic aspirations were at the top followed by educational and social aspirations whereas parents wished that their children should complete the highest education first and then should go for earn money. 52.20 per cent respondents (parents) did not desire to continue to remain their children in farming activities and more than 80 per cent sons wanted to be migrated from the village first to fulfil their aspirations by living in the urban areas. High and significant correlation was found between the attitude of parents towards their children in farming and attitude of sons towards farming and revealed moderately favourable attitude towards farming