Flow behavior of chain and star polymers and their mixtures

Star-shaped polymers show a continuous change of properties from flexible linear chains to soft colloids, as the number of arms is increased. to investigate the effect of macromolecular architecture on the flow properties, we employ computer simulations of single chain and star polymers as well as of their mixtures under poiseuille flow. hydrodynamic interactions are incorporated through the multi-particle collision dynamics (mpcd) technique, while a bead-spring model is used to describe the polymers. for the ultradilute systems at rest, the polymers are distributed uniformly in the slit channel, with a weak dependence on their number of arms. once flow is applied, however, we find that the stars migrate much more strongly towards the channel center as the number of arms is increased. in the star-chain mixtures, we find a flow-induced separation between stars and chains, with the stars located in the channel center and the chains closer to the walls. in order to identify the origin of this flow-induced partitioning, we conduct additional simulations without hydrodynamic interactions, and find that the observed cross-stream migration originates from a combination of wall-induced hydrodynamic lift forces and viscoelastic effects. the results from our study give valuable insights for designing microfluidic devices for separating polymers based on their architecture

Morphological, physiochemical and colour characteristics of fresh and cured starch in potato varieties

The present study was conducted to study the morphological, physicochemical and colour characteristics of potato starch extracted by control and combined methods from potato varieties viz., Kufri Chipsona-4, Badshah, Pushkar, Bahar and Sindhuri (fresh and cured). Among these varieties, Kufri Chipsona-4 exhibited maximum percent of small size (< 30 μm) particles (48%). Kufri Sindhuri showed highest starch purity (87.1%) but lowest whiteness (92.2%) whereas, highest whiteness (95.4%) was recorded in starch extracted from Kufri Badshah. Among starch extraction methods, combined method showed significantly lower starch moisture content (11.8%), fat (0.28%), protein (0.31%), ash (0.28%) and crude fibre (0.15%) whereas; starch purity (87.2%), percentage of small size particles (45%) and starch whiteness (96.3%) were observed higher than control methods in all varieties

CONCEPT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF AGNI IN AYURVEDA

Agni in Ayurveda has a significant role to maintain body homeostasis, body functioning, metabolism of body and proper functioning of body. Agni in Ayurveda is correlated with digestive power of the body. There are many reasons behind the maintenance of Agni (digestive power of body) in Ayurveda. The main reason behind its maintenance is that it helps in growth and development of the body. Agni is basically divided in three types which have further types and the main three types which maintain body balance are Jhataragni (digestive fire), Bhutagni and Dhatuvagni (metabolism at cellular level). They work together to maintain the balance in the body as Jhataragni is maintaining metabolism and Bhutagni and Dhatuagni is maintaining the cellular metabolism. Imbalance in the physiology of Agni is the main cause for the formation of Ama which is the main reason for many diseases. So Agni is important for every function of body. This article shows the importance of Agni and significance of Agni in Ayurveda

Studies on Manganese(II), lron(II), Cobalt(II) & (III), Nickel(II), Copper(II) & Zinc(II) Complexes of Ethoxythiocarboxyl Hydrazide

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Laboratory-based Next Generation sequencing didactics in an undergraduate environment

https://openworks.mdanderson.org/edwk22/1010/thumbnail.jp

Genetic divergence and its implication in breeding of desired plant type in coriander -Coriandrum sativum L.-

Seventy germplasm lines of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) of diverse eco-geographical origin were undertaken in present investigation to determine the genetic divergence following multivariate and canonical analysis for seed yield and its 9 component traits. The 70 genotypes were grouped into 9 clusters depending upon the genetic architecture of genotypes and characters uniformity and confirmed by canonical analysis. Seventy percent of total genotypes (49/70) were grouped in 4 clusters (V, VI, VIII and IX), while apparent diversity was noticed for 30 percent genotypes (21/70) that diverged into 5 clusters (I, II, III, FV, and VII). The maximum inter cluster distance was between I and IV (96.20) followed by III and IV (91.13) and I and VII (87.15). The cluster VI was very unique having genotypes of high mean values for most of the component traits. The cluster VII had highest seeds/umbel (35.3 ± 2.24), and leaves/plant (12.93 ± 0.55), earliest flowering (65.05 ± 1.30) and moderately high mean values for other characters. Considering high mean and inter cluster distance breeding plan has been discussed to select desirable plant types

NEUROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA LEAVES IN DIABETIC RATS

Objective: Azadirachta indica is a treasure of multiple pharmacological properties and presently leaves of this plant have been explored to evaluate the neuroprotective potential in diabetic rats.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with single intra peritoneal dose of streptozotocin (60mg/ Kg body weight (BW.) to develop animal model of diabetes. Post twenty one days of streptozotocin induction, animals were treated with aqueous Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract (ALE, 600mg/Kg BW.) for seven consecutive days. Followed this, all animals were evaluated for the levels of blood glucose, lipid peroxidation (LPO), C Reactive Proteins (CRP), pro oxidant biomarkers and histological changes.Results: Streptozotocin treated rats exhibited elevated levels of blood glucose, LPO, CRP and altered pro oxidant biomarkers in comparison to control rats. Additionally, histological alterations/damage was evidenced as fragmentation, vacuolization, inflammation etc. However, ALE treatment to these rats significantly decreased blood glucose levels, LPO, CRP levels and restored pro-oxidants status. Light microscopic and ultra microscopic analysis also indicated less damage, tissue architectural changes in comparison to untreated diabetic rats. Further decrease in hyperalgesia and inflammation levels; along with protective and restorative changes following ALE treatment suggested the neuroprotective potential of Azadirachta indica leaves in diabetic rats.Conclusion: The oral administration of ALE to streptozotocin induced diabetic animals resulted in neuro-protection against degenerative oxidative stress associated with metabolic and histopathological damage in the brain.Key words:  Azadirachta indica, Antioxidants, Hyperalgesia, Neuroprotection Â

Field dependent nilpotent symmetry for gauge theories

We construct the field dependent mixed BRST (combination of BRST and anti-BRST) transformations for pure gauge theories. These are shown to be an exact nilpotent symmetry of both the effective action as well as the generating functional for certain choices of the field dependent parameters. We show that the Jacobian contributions for path integral measure in the definition of generating functional arising from BRST and anti-BRST part compensate each other. The field dependent mixed BRST transformations are also considered in field/antifield formulation to show that the solutions of quantum master equation remain invariant under these. Our results are supported by several explicit examples.Comment: 25 pages, No figures, Revte