Talent map of female soccer: How does the birthplace and birthdate impact the participation of soccer players in Brazilian Serie A1 Championship?

This present study aimed to verify the impact of birthplace and birthdate on the identification and development of talented Brazilian female players. The sample comprised 876 players from the Brazilian Serie A1 Championship between 2003 and 2020. Players’ birthdate and birthplace data from their hometowns were collected. The birthplace’s variables used were city size and Human Development Index (HDI). Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Pearson correlation tests were performed. Results indicated that the players who were born in small cities (up to 100,000 inhabitants) and large urban centres (> 6,000,000 inhabitants), also with high HDI (> 0.701), have a greater chance to play in the most important tournament of the country. Results did not indicate significant differences in the frequencies of players born in each quartile according to players’ positional roles. Based on these findings, it is possible to conclude that the environmental conditions of birthplace are essential to promote initial conditions for the training processes related to soccer. They bring a relevant contribution to facilitate the pathway to high-level performance.This study was funded by the Government of Minas Gerais' Sports Incentive Law, the Academy & Football Program of the Ministry of Citizenship, through the National Secretariat for Football and Supporter's Rights, by FAPEMIG, CAPES, CNPQ, FUNARBE and PPG, CCB and Rectory of the Federal University of Viçosa

Comparison between olympic weightlifting llfts and derivatives for external load and fatigue monitoring

Load management is an extremely important subject in fatigue control and adaptation processes in almost all sports. In Olympic Weightlifting (OW), two of the load variables are intensity and volume. However, it is not known if all exercises produce fatigue of the same magnitude. Thus, this study aimed to compare the fatigue prompted by the Clean and Jerk and the Snatch and their derivative exercises among male and female participants, respectively. We resorted to an experimental quantitative design in which fatigue was induced in adult individuals with weightlifting experience of at least two years through the execution of a set of 10 of the most used lifts and derivatives in OW (Snatch, Snatch Pull, Muscle Snatch, Power Snatch, and Back Squat; Clean and Jerk, Power Clean, Clean, High Hang Clean, and Hang Power Clean). Intensity and volume between exercises were equalized (four sets of three repetitions), after which one Snatch Pull test was performed where changes in velocity, range of motion, and mean power were assessed as fatigue measures. Nine women and twelve men participated in the study (age, 29.67 ± 5.74 years and 28.17 ± 5.06 years, respectively). The main results showed higher peak velocity values for the Snatch Pull test when compared with Power Snatch (p = 0.008; ES = 0.638), Snatch (p < 0.001; ES = 0.998), Snatch Pull (p < 0.001, ES = 0.906), and Back Squat (p < 0.001; ES = 0.906) while the differences between the Snatch Pull test and the derivatives of Clean and Jerk were almost nonexistent. It is concluded that there were differences in the induction of fatigue between most of the exercises analyzed and, therefore, coaches and athletes could improve the planning of training sessions by accounting for the fatigue induced by each lift.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Social support and sport injury recovery : an overview of empirical findings and practical implications

Epidemiologically-based evidence has demonstrated that a substantial number of athletes and exercisers are injured each year, which can result in physical disability as well as other negative physical, social and psychological consequences. Accumulated research has indicated that the prevalence of sport and physical activity-related injuries varies based on gender, age group, type of sport, level of participation, and role on the team, among other considerations. Although physical causes are the primary contributors to injury, a considerable number of studies have suggested that psychological and social factors also have importance in injury prevention and rehabilitation. Among the psychosocial factors investigated, social support has emerged as a significant buffering and coping resource in the recovery process from athletic injuries. However, research has also indicated that sources of social support tend to be less frequently available to athletes during some stages of rehabilitation and do not necessarily meet the athletes' expectations and needs. Moreover, some studies have suggested that social support may have detrimental effects under certain circumstances. As such, coaches, athletic trainers and health care professionals should be aware of these complex forms of influence and develop and implement injury rehabilitation processes that are based on a holistic approach in order to promote the athletes' recovery and well-being.Los estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado que, cada año, un número considerable de atletas y de practicantes de actividad física sufre una lesión causante de discapacidad y de otras repercusiones negativas para el bienestar físico, psicológico y social. Además, las investigaciones actuales revelan que la prevalencia de las lesiones asociadas a los deportes varía según el género, la edad, el deporte, el nivel competitivo, la posición en el juego, entre otros. Aunque los factores físicos constituyen las principales causas de las lesiones más comunes, varios estudios han sugerido que los factores psicológicos y sociales también ejercen un efecto significativo en la prevención y rehabilitación de las lesiones deportivas. Entre los factores psicosociales estudiados, el apoyo o soporte social percibido por el propio deportista se ha destacado como un importante mecanismo para controlar el distrés emocional y afrontar mejor las dificultades inherentes al proceso de recuperación de las lesiones deportivas. Sin embargo, la investigación también indica que las fuentes de apoyo social tienden a no satisfacer las expectativas y necesidades de soporte social de los atletas, siendo insuficientes en determinadas fases de la rehabilitación. Igualmente, algunos estudios han sugerido que el apoyo social puede inducir efectos perjudiciales en determinadas circunstancias. Por lo tanto, los entrenadores y profesionales de la salud (médicos, fisioterapeutas, psicólogos, etc.) deben tener conocimiento de estos factores influyentes y implementar intervenciones desde un punto de vista más integral con el fin de promover la recuperación de los atletas y mejorar su bienestar.Os estudos epidemiológicos têm demonstrado que, cada ano, um número considerável de atletas e de praticantes de actividade física sofre uma lesão causadora de incapacidade e de outras repercussões negativas para o bem-estar físico, psicológico e social. Adicionalmente, as investigações actuais revelam que a prevalência de lesões associadas à prática desportiva varia segundo o género, idade, modalidade, nível competitivo, posição de jogo, entre outros. Embora os factores físicos constituam as principais causas das lesões mais comuns, vários estudos têm sugerido que os factores psicológicos e sociais também exercem um efeito significativo na prevenção e reabilitação das lesões desportivas. Entre os factores psicossociais estudados, o apoio ou suporte social percebido pelo próprio desportista tem-se destacado como um importante mecanismo para controlar o distress emocional e enfrentar melhor as dificuldades inerentes ao processo de recuperação das lesões desportivas. Contudo, a investigação indica também que as fontes de suporte social tendem a não satisfazer as expectativas e necessidades de suporte social dos atletas, sendo insuficientes em determinadas fases da reabilitação. De igual modo, alguns estudos têm sugerido que o suporte social pode induzir efeitos prejudiciais em determinadas circunstâncias. Portanto, os treinadores e os profissionais da saúde (médicos, fisioterapeutas, psicólogos, etc.) devem ter conhecimento destes influentes factores e implementar intervenções desde um ponto de vista mais global, visando promover a recuperação dos atletas e a melhoria do seu bem-estar

Relationship between anthropometric variables and body image dissatisfaction among fitness center users

The purpose of this study was to identify the anthropometric dimensions related with body image dissatisfaction among fitness center users. Participants were 276 Brazilian members of fitness centers (168 males and 108 females) with ages between 17 and 39 years (mage = 23.93, sd = 5.17). After body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI) and body fat (% BF) were measured, participants indicated their current (cs) and ideal (Is) silhouettes, allowing the calculation of body dissatisfaction as the difference between Is and cs. BMI and % BF were grouped by body dissatisfaction category and analyzed using one-way and repeated measures ANoVA. results revealed that only 1.2 % of men and 6.5 % of women considered themselves satisfied with their body. comparisons of global ratings of their cs and Is revealed that male and female individuals reported that their current bodies were significantly less muscular than their ideal bodies (p < .001), although the degree of dissatisfaction revealed no significant difference between sexes. Moreover, results demonstrated that the relationship between body composition and body dissatisfaction only occurs in individuals that feel very dissatisfied with their body image and appearance

Assessment of Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Contributions in an Extreme Intensity CrossFit® Benchmark Workout

Our purpose was to characterize the oxygen uptake kinetics (VO 2), energy systems contributions and total energy expenditure during a CrossFit ® benchmark workout performed in the extreme intensity domain. Fourteen highly trained male CrossFitters, aged 28.3 ± 5.4 years, with height 177.8 ± 9.4 cm, body mass 87.9 ± 10.5 kg and 5.6 ± 1.8 years of training experience, performed the Isabel workout at maximal exertion. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured at baseline, during exercise and the recovery period, with blood lactate and glucose concentrations, including the ratings of perceived exertion, measured pre- and post-workout. The Isabel workout was 117 ± 10 s in duration and the VO 2 peak was 47.2 ± 4.7 mL·kg -1·min -1, the primary component amplitude was 42.0 ± 6.0 mL·kg -1·min -1, the time delay was 4.3 ± 2.2 s and the time constant was 14.2 ± 6.0 s. The accumulated VO 2 (0.6 ± 0.1 vs. 4.8 ± 1.0 L·min -1) value post-workout increased substantially when compared to baseline. Oxidative phosphorylation (40%), glycolytic (45%) and phosphagen (15%) pathways contributed to the 245 ± 25 kJ total energy expenditure. Despite the short ~2 min duration of the Isabel workout, the oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent metabolism energy contributions to the total metabolic energy release were similar. The CrossFit ® Isabel requires maximal effort and the pattern of physiological demands identifies this as a highly intensive and effective workout for developing fitness and conditioning for sports. </p

To focus or not to focus: Is attention on the core components of action beneficial for cycling performance?

We conducted a counterbalanced repeated measure trial to investigate the effect of different internal and external associative strategies on endurance performance. Seventeen college-aged students were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions to test the notion that different attention-performance types (optimal Type 1, functional Type 2, and dysfunctional Type 3) would influence endurance time on a cycling task. Specifically, Type 1 represented an effortless and automatic, “flow-feeling” attentional mode. Type 2 referred to an associative focus directed at core components of the task. Type 3 represented an attentional focus directed at irrelevant components of the task. Participants completed three time-to-exhaustion-tests while reporting their perceived exertion and affective states (arousal and hedonic tone). Results revealed that Type 1 and Type 2 attentional strategies, compared to Type 3 strategy, exerted functional effects on performance, whereas a Type 3 strategy was linked to lower performance, and lower levels of arousal and pleasantness. Applied implications are discussed

Effect of different resistance exercise repetition velocities on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and energetic expenditure

The excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) consists of the excess oxygen consumed above a resting state following exercise. Performance of resistance exercise can significantly disrupt the body’s homeostasis, with the EPOC being dependent on the specific combination of prescriptive variables. Presently, the effects of different repetition velocities on VO2 and caloric expenditure during and following resistance exercise bouts have not been completely elucidated. Objective: To examine the effect of different repetition velocities on EPOC and total energetic expenditure during and following resistance exercise bouts. Methods: Twenty women (34.6 ± 5.5 years; 159 ± 4.1 cm; 55.1 ± 3.4 kg; 24±2.5 kg/m-²; 18.9 ± 4.3 % body fat) performed two resistance exercise bouts that differed only in the velocity of repetitions: sequence 1 (SEQ1) involved 1 second concentric and eccentric phases and sequence 2 (SEQ2) involved 2 second concentric and eccentric phases. Both bouts utilized a 70% of 1-RM load for all exercises, performed for 3 sets of 10 repetitions. The respired gas analysis was assessed before, during, and for 60 minutes following each bout. Results: None of the variables assessed (i.e. VO2, VCO2, VE/VO2, VE/ VCO2, VE, RQ) were significantly different between bouts (p \u3e 0.05). Conclusion: A relatively slower repetition velocity will produce similar energy expenditure during and following resistance exercise as a relatively faster repetition velocity, as long as the total volume is equal between resistance exercise bouts

In-season microcycle quantification of professional women soccer players—external, internal and wellness measures

Although data currently exists pertaining to the intensity in the women’s football match, the knowledge about training is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify external (locomotor activity) and internal (psychophysiological) intensities, as well as the wellness profile of the typical microcycle from professional female soccer players during the 2019/20 in-season. Ten players (24.6 ± 2.3 years) from an elite Portuguese women soccer team participated in this study. All variables were collected in 87 training session and 15 matches for analysis from the 2019–2020 in-season. Global positioning variables such total distance, high-speed running, acceleration, deceleration and player load were recorded as intensity while Rated Perceived Exertion (RPE) and session-RPE were recorded as internal measures. The Hooper Index (HI) was collected as a wellness parameter. The results showed that internal and external intensity measures were greater in matches compared to trainings during the week (match day minus [MD-], MD-5, MD-4, MD-2), p < 0.05 with very large effect size (ES). In the same line, higher internal and external intensity values were found in the beginning of the week while the lowest values were found in MD-2 (p < 0.05, with very large ES). Regarding wellness, there was no significant differences in the HI parameters between the training days and match days (p > 0.05). This study confirmed the highest intensity values during MD and the lowest on the training session before the MD (MD-2). Moreover, higher training intensities were found in the beginning of the training week sessions which were then reduced when the MD came close. Wellness parameters showed no variation when compared to intensity measures. This study confirmed the hypothesis regarding internal and external intensity but not regarding wellness.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Marcadores hematológicos e bioquímicos após um torneio de Jiu-Jitsu Brasileiro em atletas de elite

Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar o efeito de um esforço de competição de Jiu-Jitsu Brasileiro (JJB) sobre marcadores bioquímicos e hematológicos, e investigar se esse efeito diferia em função do nível de prestação. Foram estudados 30 lutadores, divididos em: grupo de Elite ou EL (n= 20), composto por atletas com colocações entre 1º e 3º lugar no Campeonato Mundial de JJB Brasileiro; e grupo Não Elite ou NEL (n= 10), composto por praticantes não competidores. Simulou-se um campeonato de JJB com as mesmas regras do Campeonato do Mundo. Cada atleta realizou cinco lutas de até 10 minutos cada e com um intervalo de cinco minutos entre as mesmas. A ordem e a composição das lutas foram realizadas através de sorteio e entre atletas do mesmo grupo. Antes e após a competição, foram feitas recolhas de sangue para obtenção dos marcadores bioquímicos e hematológicos. A competição de JJB induziu aumentos significativos nos atletas de ambos os grupos nas seguintes variáveis: glicose, ácido úrico, ureia, creatinina, proteínas totais, albumina, creatinaquinase, leucócitos, neutrófilos, bastões e monócitos. No plaquetócrito, houve aumento significativo apenas no grupo NEL. As proteínas totais e o volume plaquetário médio apresentaram valores mais elevados nos atletas EL; enquanto os eosinófilos e monócitos foram mais elevados nos atletas NEL. Apenas na creatinina sérica se verificou um efeito significativo na interação momento x grupo, verificando-se valores mais elevados no grupo EL, tanto no pré como no pós-competição

A realidade pública do esporte nos municípios da Região Médio Rio Grande do Estado de Minas Gerais

Livro relativo a pesquisa realizada com apoio da Rede CEDESEsta pesquisa, realizada entre junho/2010 e maio/2011, em convênio com o Ministério do Esporte, através da Secretaria Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Esporte e de Lazer, vem retratar o recente desenvolvimento, no que tange às pesquisas públicas sociais ligadas ao esporte. Desenvolveu-se um trabalho sobre dados da infraestrutura; instalações e equipamentos esportivos existentes e em construção; estado de conservação; articulações institucionais, tendo em vista desenvolvimento de políticas e de atividades relacionadas ao esporte; os aspectos pertinentes à legislação esportiva; os convênios e parcerias/ações; os projetos e programas desenvolvidos com a participação do governo municipal, estadual e federal; os eventos, e modalidades esportivas, realizados nos municípios da Microrregião do Médio Rio Grande (AMEG), estado de Minas Gerais.Rede CEDES/Ministério do Esport