Dificuldades de aprendizagem ou de ensino? Uma breve revisão de literatura em psicologia

Partindo de pesquisas que mostram como muitas das dificuldadesatribuídas às crianças pobres são produtos do sistema de ensino, buscou-severificar quais as concepções de dificuldades de aprendizagem presentes empesquisas sobre o tema, discutindo suas implicações para a área educacional.Selecionamos e analisamos dezesseis artigos, publicados entre os anos 2000 e2004 por um programa de pós-graduação em Psicologia, organizando-os emcinco categorias. Doze artigos mostraram conceber as dificuldades deaprendizagem como um problema individual, propondo para seu enfrentamentoprogramas de assistência psicológica. Apenas uma categoria apresentou umavisão de dificuldades de aprendizagem focalizada no contexto de aprendizagem

Assessment and classification of family risk in a school of early childhood education

Objective: To evaluate the familial risk for children of early childhood education to support educational practices and school-family integration. Method: This exploratory, descriptive quantitative. The data collection was performed in a school in a city in Minas Gerais, 2011. The subjects were 69 school families. We used a form with topics related to socioeconomic factors and clinical conditions of the members of the families concerned. The data was submitted to statistical analysis with variable frequency, enabling the establishment of priorities (risk level, sentries and factors influencing the risks). Results: The familial risk was between low and medium, the clinical criterion influence this classification. There is potential for development of chronic diseases such as hypertension, obesity, alcoholism, smoking, and psychosocial disorders. Conclusion: The classification provided to identify the need for health education in the pursuit of generating content and collective actions to raise awareness for the acquisition of healthy habits

Locust bean gum nano-based hydrogel for vaginal delivery of diphenyl diselenide in the treatment of trichomoniasis : formulation characterization and in vitro biological evaluation

Trichomoniasis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection in the world, but its available therapies present low efficacy and high toxicity. Diphenyl diselenide (PhSe2) is a pharmacologically active organic selenium compound; however, its clinical use is hindered by its lipophilicity and toxicity. Nanocarriers are an interesting approach to overcome the limitations associated with this compound. This study designed and evaluated a vaginal hydrogel containing PhSe2-loaded Eudragit® RS100 and coconut oil nanocapsules for the treatment of trichomoniasis. Nanocapsules presented particle sizes in the nanometric range, positive zeta potential, a compound content close to the theoretical value, and high encapsulation efficiency. The nanoencapsulation maintained the anti-Trichomonas vaginalis action of the compound while improving the scavenger action in a DPPH assay. The hydrogels were prepared by thickening nanocapsule suspensions with locust bean gum (3%). The semisolids maintained the nanometric size of the particles and the PhSe2 content at around the initial concentration (1.0 mg/g). They also displayed non-Newtonian pseudo-plastic behavior and a highly mucoadhesive property. The chorioallantoic membrane method indicated the absence of hemorrhage, coagulation, or lysis. The compound, from both non-encapsulated and nano-based hydrogel delivery systems, remained on the surface of the bovine vaginal mucosa. Therefore, the formulations displayed the intended properties and could be a promising alternative for the treatment of trichomoniasis

Lifespan Extension Induced by Caffeine in Caenorhabditis elegans is Partially Dependent on Adenosine Signaling

Caffeine is a widely used psychoactive substance. Studies have shown that caffeine may play a protective role in aging-associated disorders. However, the mechanisms by which caffeine modulates aging are not yet clear. In this study, we have shown that caffeine increases Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan, delays its larval development, reduces reproduction and body length. These phenotypes were partly reversed by worm’s exposure to adenosine, which suggest a putative common target. Moreover, they were dependent on a functional insulin/IGF-1-like pathway. Our results may shed light on new genetic determinants of aging

Avaliação das práticas de higienização das mãos em três unidades de terapia intensiva

Background and objectives: Hand Hygiene (HH) is a simple and effective measure in the fight against Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs). Despite the effort made by professionals of the Infection Control Service, compliance with practices remains low, generally below 50%. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate HH practices in three Intensive Care Units of a private hospital in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study performed in three ICUs of a private hospital in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. From July 2016 to July 2017, all HH documents of the study hospital were evaluated, totaling 1,100 observations in loco performed by the nurses of the Infection Control Service. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and linear regression using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The rate of adhesion ranged from 27.3 to 88.2%, with an average of 47% (±16.8). Consumption of alcohol preparation and liquid soap obtained, respectively, an average of 32 and 47 ml/patient-day. Pearson's coefficient showed a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and adhesion rate (r=0.49, p=0.01). Conclusion: Healthcare workers still need to be aware of the importance of HH for reducing HAIs.Justificación y objetivos: La Higienización de las Manos (HM) es una medida simple y eficaz en el combate a las Infecciones Relacionadas a la Asistencia Sanitaria (IRAS). A pesar del esfuerzo realizado por los profesionales del Servicio de Control de Infección Hospitalaria, el cumplimiento de las prácticas sigue siendo bajo, generalmente inferior al 50%. Por este motivo, este estudio objetivó evaluar las prácticas de HM en tres Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de un hospital privado de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo de naturaleza cuantitativa, realizado en tres UTIs de un hospital privado de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. En el período de julio/2016 a julio/2017 se evaluaron todos los documentos de HM del hospital de estudio, totalizando 1.100 observaciones in loco realizadas por los enfermeros del Servicio de Control de Infección. Para el análisis de los datos se adoptó estadística descriptiva y regresión lineal utilizando el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: La tasa de adhesión las prácticas de HM varió entre el 27,3 y el 88,2%, con una media del 47% (±16,8). El consumo de preparación alcohólica y jabón líquido obtuvieron, respectivamente, una media de 32 y 47 ml / paciente-día. Se observó una correlación positiva entre el consumo de alcohol y la tasa de adhesión (r2=0,49, p=0,01). Conclusiones: Los profesionales de la salud todavía necesitan sensibilización acerca de la importancia de la HM para reducir las IRAS.Justificativa e objetivos: Higienização das Mãos (HM) é uma medida simples e eficaz no combate às Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS). Apesar do esforço feito pelos profissionais do Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (SCIH), o cumprimento das práticas ainda permanece baixo, geralmente inferior a 50%. Por esse motivo, este estudo objetivou avaliar as práticas de HM em três Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital privado de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo de natureza quantitativa, realizado em três UTIs de um hospital privado de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. No período de julho/2016 a julho/2017 foram avaliados todos os documentos de HM do hospital de estudo, totalizando 1.100 observações in loco realizadas pelos enfermeiros do SCIH. Para análise dos dados adotou-se estatística descritiva e regressão linear utilizando o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: A taxa de adesão à HM variou entre 27,3 e 88,2%, com média de 47% (±16,8). O consumo de preparação alcoólica e sabonete líquido obtiveram, respectivamente, uma média de 32 e 47 ml/paciente-dia. Houve correlação positiva entre o consumo de preparação alcoólica e a taxa de adesão (r2=0,49, p=0,01). Conclusão: Os profissionais de saúde ainda necessitam de sensibilização acerca da importância da higiene de mãos para redução das IRAS. Descritores: Higiene das Mãos. Infecção hospitalar. Cuidados Críticos

EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE NA ONCOLOGIA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA

The rise in cancer casualties shocks due to its magnitude, and requires, among other actions, that educational practices be deployed to contribute to the promotion of health, prevention and early detection of illnesses. Such practices should be anchored on a broad understanding of health and health education. Objective: to identify – in health studies publications – how health education has been approached in oncology. Method: an integrative review, where data was gathered on the Lilacs and Scielo databases, using the key expressions Education and Cancer, Education and Oncology. Outcomes: 21 papers were selected; The systematized themes were: health education for the prevention and early diagnosis of cancer and health education for self-care. The analyzed papers consider that people are unaware of the actions for the prevention and early detection of cancer, conveyed in the educational interventions aimed for that purpose. Results: Educational practices are important and should come with adequate life conditions which enable the subject to engage in healthy habits that promote health and prevent cancers.  El aumento de los casos de cáncer en el mundo es preocupante por su magnitud y requiere, entre otras acciones, que las prácticas educativas sean inseridas para contribuir a la promoción de la salud, la prevención y la detección temprana de la enfermedad anclado en una visión amplia de la educación en salud. Objetivo: Identificar las publicaciones científicas de salud como se ha discutido la educación sanitaria en oncología. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora, en la que las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos Lilacs y Scielo, con la educación y el cáncer, Educación y Oncología. Resultados: Seleccionaron 21 publicaciones; las temáticas se sistematizaron: educación para la salud para la prevención y el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer y educación para la salud para el autocuidado. Los estudios consideran que las personas no son conscientes de las acciones de prevención y detección precoz del cáncer, expresadas en las intervenciones educativas para este propósito. Conclusión: Las actividades educativas son importantes y deben estar vinculadas a condiciones de vida adecuadas que permiten al sujeto elegir  prácticas sanas de promoción de la salud y la prevención del cáncer.  O aumento dos casos de câncer no mundo preocupa pela sua magnitude e exige, dentre outras ações, que práticas educativas sejam realizadas para contribuir com a promoção da saúde, prevenção e detecção precoce da doença; ancoradas numa concepção ampliada de saúde e educação em saúde. Objetivo: identificar em publicações científicas da área da saúde como tem sido abordada a educação em saúde na oncologia. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, em que as buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Lilacs e Scielo, com os descritores Educação e Câncer, Educação e Oncologia. Resultados: Foram selecionadas 21 publicações das quais foram sistematizadas as seguintes temáticas: educação em saúde para a prevenção e diagnóstico precoce de câncer e educação em saúde para o autocuidado. Os estudos consideram que as pessoas desconhecem as ações de prevenção e detecção precoce de câncer, expressa nas intervenções educativas voltadas para este fim. Conclusão: As ações educativas são importantes e devem estar associadas às condições adequadas de vida que possibilitem ao sujeito a escolha de práticas saudáveis de promoção da saúde e prevenção do câncer. &nbsp

The COVID-19 pandemic and professional nursing practice in the context of hospitals

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed challenges to health systems and institutions, which had to quickly create conditions to meet the growing health needs of the population. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on professional nursing practice environments and to identify the variables that affected their quality. Quantitative, observational study, conducted in 16 Portuguese hospitals, with 1575 nurses. Data were collected using a questionnaire and participants responded to two different moments in time: the pre-pandemic period and after the fourth critical period of COVID-19. The pandemic had a positive impact on the Structure and Outcome components, and a negative trend in the Process component. The variables associated with the qualification of the components and their dimensions were predominantly: work context, the exercise of functions in areas of assistance to COVID-19 patients, length of professional experience and length of experience in the service. The investment in professional practice environments impacted the improvement of organizational factors, supporting the development of nurses’ work towards the quality of care. However, it is necessary to invest in nurses’ participation, involvement and professional qualifications, which are aspects strongly dependent on the institutions’ management strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis)

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), also referred to as BIRC4 or IAP3, is one of the most studied members among the proteins known as Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs). This protein family portrays its main role by preventing apoptotic cell death through direct or indirect inhibition of caspase activity. All members of the IAPs carry at least one BIR domain in their structure, which are generally responsible for caspase interaction. XIAP has three BIR domains, enabling interaction with both initiation and effector caspases. Moreover, it is also structured with a RING finger domain, which functions as a ubiquitin ligase (E3), and one UBA domain, for binding to ubiquitin, further rendering XIAP a central role in the ubiquitination process and, thus, implicating such IAP in multiple signaling pathways, including cell death, autophagy, immunity, inflammation, cell cycle, and cell migration. XIAP overexpression is found in a variety of cancer types and is frequently associated with chemoresistance and increased risk of relapse. Furthermore, there are many evidences that XIAP inhibition may sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy agents, which make this protein a potential target in cancer

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Professional Nursing Practice in the Context of Hospitals

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed challenges to health systems and institutions, which had to quickly create conditions to meet the growing health needs of the population. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on professional nursing practice environments and to identify the variables that affected their quality. Quantitative, observational study, conducted in 16 Portuguese hospitals, with 1575 nurses. Data were collected using a questionnaire and participants responded to two different moments in time: the pre-pandemic period and after the fourth critical period of COVID-19. The pandemic had a positive impact on the Structure and Outcome components, and a negative trend in the Process component. The variables associated with the qualification of the components and their dimensions were predominantly: work context, the exercise of functions in areas of assistance to COVID-19 patients, length of professional experience and length of experience in the service. The investment in professional practice environments impacted the improvement of organizational factors, supporting the development of nurses’ work towards the quality of care. However, it is necessary to invest in nurses’ participation, involvement and professional qualifications, which are aspects strongly dependent on the institutions’ management strategiesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio