7,776 research outputs found
On Formal Consistency between Value and Coordination Models
In information systems (IS) engineering dierent techniques for modeling
inter-organizational collaborations are applied. In particular, value models
estimate the profitability for involved stakeholders, whereas coordination models
are used to agree upon the inter-organizational processes before implementing
them. During the execution of inter-organizational collaboration, in addition, event
logs are collected by the individual organizations representing another view of the
IS. The combination of the two models and the event log represent the IS and they
should therefore be consistent, i.e., not contradict each other. Since these models
are provided by dierent user groups during design time and the event log is
collected during run-time consistency is not straight forward. Inconsistency occurs
when models contain a conflicting description of the same information, i.e.,
there exists a conflicting overlap between the models. In this paper we introduce
an abstraction of value models, coordination models and event logs which allows
ensuring and maintaining alignment between models and event log. We demonstrate
its use by outlining a proof of an inconsistency resolution result based on
this abstraction. Thus, the introduction of abstractions allows to explore formal
inter-model relations based on consistency
Towards the Integration of Value and Coordination Models - Position Paper -
Cross-organizational collaborations have a high complexity.\ud
Modelling these collaborations can be done from di®erent perspectives.\ud
For example, the value perspective represents expected value exchanges\ud
in a collaboration while the coordination perspective represents the order\ud
in which these exchanges occur. How to maintain consistency between\ud
di®erent models during design time as well as runtime constitutes a chal-\ud
lenging topic. De¯ning criteria and de¯nitions re°ecting the relation be-\ud
tween these models during the entire life cycle is not straightforward.\ud
Di®erent criteria are used for di®erent models since each model captures\ud
a speci¯c aspect of the collaboration. In this paper we investigate the\ud
challenges arising when addressing the problem of maintaining adequate\ud
and consistent models of a collaboration during the entire life cycle of\ud
a collaboration. We propose a framework in which we connect business\ud
layer, process layer and implementation layer, presenting the direction\ud
for solving this multifaceted problem. We will describe several challenges\ud
we anticipate to encounter while implementing our framework
Scale-dependent patterns of variability in species assemblages of the rocky intertidal at Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea)
Amino acid paleothermometry in the Summer Lake basin, Oregon, using fossil ostracodes from the middle to late Pleistocene
Developing quantitative records that uniquely resolve past temperatures is important for interpreting regional paleoclimate changes. Here I analyze the extent of amino acid racemization in fossil ostracodes, and use a previously published expression to calculate effective diagenetic temperatures (EDTs) in the Summer Lake basin of south-central Oregon for time intervals bracketed between 208 ka, 180 ka, 74 ka, and present day. Geochronological control is provided by a published age-depth model for the Ana River section in the Summer Lake basin. Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the enantiomeric composition of aspartic and glutamic acids in Candona and Limnocythere ostracode valves collected from 33 sedimentary horizons within a ∼15-m section of lake sediments exposed along the Ana River. An average of 9 replicate subsamples were analyzed for each sample, and the relative difference in the rate of racemization in the two genera was quantified by analyzing multiple pairs from the same stratigraphic horizons. Between 208-180 ka (MIS 7-6), the EDT was 7.0 +/- 2.6°C, which overlaps with the current mean annual temperature near the site (9.5°C). The EDT for the time interval between 180-74 ka (MIS 6-4) was -3.2 +/- 1.3°C and from 74 ka to present the EDT was 2.7 +/- 1.2°C. EDT estimates spanning the MIS 6-4 are unexpectedly low given that this interval encompasses the last interglaciation, and suggests that either the Ana River section age-depth model is inaccurate, or other factors in addition to temperature influenced the rate of racemization in the ostracode valves analyzed
Phenomenology of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model
We discuss the minimal supersymmetric extension of
the standard model. Gauge couplings unify as in the MSSM, even if the scale of
breaking is as low as order TeV and the model can be
embedded into an SO(10) grand unified theory. The phenomenology of the model
differs in some important aspects from the MSSM, leading potentially to rich
phenomenology at the LHC. It predicts more light Higgs states and the mostly
left CP-even Higgs has a mass reaching easily 125 GeV, with no constraints on
the SUSY spectrum. Right sneutrinos can be the lightest supersymmetric
particle, changing all dark matter constraints on SUSY parameter space. The
model has seven neutralinos and squark/gluino decay chains involve more
complicated cascades than in the MSSM. We also discuss briefly low-energy and
accelerator constraints on the model, where the most important limits come from
recent searches at the LHC and upper limits on lepton flavour violation.Comment: 46 pages, 11 figure
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First CRDS-measurements of water vapour continuum in the 940nm absorption band
Measurements of near-infrared water vapour continuum using continuous wave cavity ring down spectroscopy (cw-
CRDS) have been performed at around 10611.6 and 10685:2 cm1. The continuum absorption coefficients for N2-
broadening have been determined for two temperatures and wavenumbers.
These results represent the first near-IR continuum laboratory data determined within the complex spectral environment in the 940nm water vapour band and are in reasonable agreement with simulations using the semiempirical CKD formulation
Cognition in contests: mechanisms, ecology, and evolution
Animal contests govern access to key resources and are a fundamental determinant of fitness within populations. Little is known about the mechanisms generating individual variation in strategic contest behavior or what this variation means for population level processes. Cognition governs the expression of behaviors during contests, most notably by linking experience gained with decision making, but its role in driving the evolutionary ecological dynamics of contests is only beginning to emerge. We review the kinds of cognitive mechanisms that underlie contest behavior, emphasize the importance of feedback loops and socio-ecological context, and suggest that contest behavior provides an ideal focus for integrative studies of phenotypic variation
Streamlining Shuttle Ground Operations
To meet NASA Space Transportation System goals the Shuttle Processing Contractors have to reduce Space Transportation System ground processing time and ground processing costs. These objectives must be met without compromising safety of flight or safety during assembly, test, and service operations. Ground processing requirements are analyzed to determine critical serial flow paths and costly labor-intensive tasks. Processing improvements are realized by improvements in processing methodology, by application of computer-aided technology, and by modernization of KSC facilities. Ongoing improvement efforts are outlined and progress-to-date is described
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