Methods for estimating directional wave spectra from multi-element arrays

1. Introduction The Fourier wavenumber-frequency spectrum of a scalar variable η, with zero mean, is defined

Observations of the power and directional spectrum of ocean surface waves

Estimates of the power spectrum and directional spectrum of oceanic surface waves were obtained from data taken during the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX). Wind speeds ranged from 5 to 10 m s-1 throughout the month\u27s duration of the experiment...

Proximate and fatty acid composition of 40 southeastern U.S. finfish species

This report describes the proximate compositions (protein, moisture, fat, and ash) and major fatty acid profiles for raw and cooked samples of 40 southeastern finfish species. All samples (fillets) were cooked by a standard procedure in laminated plastic bags to an internal temperature of 70'C (lS8'F). Both summarized compositional data, with means and ranges for each species, and individual sample data including harvest dates and average lengths and weights are presented. When compared with raw samples, cooked samples exhibited an increase in protein content with an accompanying decrease in moisture content. Fat content either remained approximately the same or increased due to moisture loss during cooking. Our results are discussed in reference to compositional data previously published by others on some of the same species. Although additional data are needed to adequately describe the seasonal and geographic variations in the chemical compositions of many of these fish species, the results presented here should be useful to nutritionists, seafood marketers, and consumers.(PDF file contains 28 pages.

Descriptive oceanography during the Frontal Air‐Sea Interaction Experiment: Medium‐ to large‐scale variability

Medium‐ and large‐scale oceanographic variability in the Sargasso Sea is examined during the Frontal Air‐Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX), focusing primarily on processes that influence the formation of subtropical fronts. From Fall to Spring the mean meridional gradient of meridional Ekman transport in the Subtropical Convergence Zone (STCZ) enhances the meridional sea surface temperature (Ts) gradients between 26° and 32°N. In the presence of this enhanced mean gradient, baroclinic eddies with zonal wavelengths of ≈800 km and periods of ≈200 days exert the dominant influence on the formation of subtropical fronts at medium and large scales. These eddies generate westward propagating Ts anomaly features with the same dominant wavelengths and periods. They are confined between 26° and 32°N and have amplitudes that occasionally exceed ±1°C. Ts fronts tend to be found within bands ≈200 km wide that roughly follow the periphery of these anomaly features. Deformation in the horizontal eddy current field is primarily responsible for the existence of these frontal bands. The migration of the strong front originally bracketed by the FASINEX moored array was related to the westward propagation of the larger‐scale eddy/anomaly/frontal‐band pattern. The moored array was located within a warm‐anomaly feature during most of the experiment, which produced exceptionally warm conditions in the upper ocean. These anomalies are confined between 26° and 32°N, not only because the relatively large seasonal mean Tsy there allows horizontal eddy currents to force strong anomalies, but also because the baroclinic eddies with wavelengths of ≈800 km and periods of ≈200 days are confined to the STCZ. Large meridional variability exists in many properties of the eddy field, much of which can be traced to the influence of the Sargasso Sea mean current field on eddy variability

The DSM diagnostic criteria for female orgasmic disorder

This is the post-print version of the article. The official published version can be found at the link below.This article reviews the DSM diagnostic criteria for Female Orgasmic Disorder (FOD). Following an overview of the concept of female orgasm, research on the prevalence and associated features of FOD is briefly reviewed. Specific aspects of the DSM-IV-TR criteria for FOD are critically reviewed and key issues that should be considered for DSM-V are discussed. The DSM-IV-TR text on FOD focused on the physiological changes that may (or may not) accompany orgasm in women; one of the major recommendations here is that greater emphasis be given to the subjective aspects of the experience of orgasm. Additional specific recommendations are made for revision of diagnostic criteria, including the use of minimum severity and duration criteria, and better acknowledgment of the crucial role of relationship factors in FOD

On the potential of recording earthquakes for global seismic tomography by low-cost autonomous instruments in the oceans

International audienceWe describe the development and testing of an autonomous device designed to revolutionize Earth structure determination via global seismic tomography by detecting earthquakes at teleseismic distances in the oceans. One prototype MERMAID, short for Mobile Earthquake Recording in Marine Areas by Independent Divers, was constructed and tested at sea. The instrument combines two readily available, relatively low-cost but state-of-the-art components: a Sounding Oceanographic Lagrangian Observer, or SOLO float, and an off-the-shelf hydrophone, with custom-built data logging hardware. We report on the development of efficient wavelet-based algorithms for the detection and discrimination of seismic events and analyze three time series of acoustic pressure collected at a depth of 700 m in pilot experiments conducted offshore San Diego, CA. In these tests, over 120 hours of data were gathered, and five earthquakes, of which one was teleseismic, were recorded and identified. Quantitative estimates based on these results suggest that instruments of the MERMAID type may collect up to a hundred tomographically useful teleseismic events per year. The final design will also incorporate a Global Positioning System receiver, onboard signal processing software optimized for low-power chips, and high-throughput satellite communication equipment for telemetered data transfer. With these improvements, we hope to realize our vision of a global array of autonomous floating sensors for whole-earth seismic tomography