Familial perspectives on forced parent-child separation in the scope of religious belief

This research focuses on the issue of child abduction, specifically examining its impact on the parents, with a particular focus on the Arab world and religion, while also exploring gender roles and societal attitudes within this context. The main goal is to fill gaps in existing research and offer insights that can enhance policies and preventive measures. To comprehensively understand this issue, the study adopts a qualitative approach that uses interviews as valuable sources of lived experiences. A total of ten parents participated in the research, categorized into two groups, those who have experienced forced separation first-hand, and those who have not, but may have been exposed to it. These interviews were conducted between June and August 2023, prioritizing considerations following guidelines from the American Psychological Association. The study sheds light on how religious beliefs intertwine with parent-child separation, emphasizing the challenges faced by families when religious factors are involved in child abduction cases. Results underscore the struggles experienced by parents in such situations and stress the relevance of comprehensive support systems that take into account both emotional well-being and religious impactors. Furthermore, it explores how religion influences child upbringing by showcasing perspectives among individuals with religious affiliations. In the end, the study reveals insights into how religion, child abduction, and parental experiences are interconnected.Esta pesquisa concentra-se na questão do sequestro de crianças, examinando especificamente o seu impacto sobre os pais, com um foco particular no mundo árabe e na religião, enquanto também explora papéis de gênero e atitudes sociais dentro deste contexto. O principal objetivo é preencher lacunas na pesquisa existente e oferecer insights que possam aprimorar políticas e medidas preventivas. Para compreender aprofundadamente esta questão, o estudo adota uma abordagem qualitativa que utiliza entrevistas como forma de aceder a estas experiências. Um total de dez pais participou da pesquisa, categorizados em dois grupos, aqueles que vivenciaram a separação forçada em primeira mão e aqueles que não, mas que podem ter sido expostos a ela. Essas entrevistas foram conduzidas entre junho e agosto de 2023, priorizando considerações seguindo as diretrizes da Associação Americana de Psicologia. O estudo lança luz sobre como as crenças religiosas se entrelaçam com a separação entre pais e filhos, enfatizando os desafios enfrentados pelas famílias quando fatores religiosos estão envolvidos em casos de sequestro de crianças. Os resultados destacam as dificuldades vivenciadas pelos pais em tais situações e evidenciam a importância de sistemas abrangentes de apoio que levem em consideração tanto o bem-estar emocional quanto os impactos religiosos. Além disso, explora como a religião influencia a criação de crianças, ilustrando perspectivas de indivíduos com filiações religiosas. No final, o estudo revela insights sobre como religião, sequestro de crianças e experiências parentais estão interconectados

A Unique Case of Autoimmune Retinopathy Associated with Anti-Alpha-Enolase Antibodies

Background. We report a case of autoimmune retinopathy associated with anti-alpha-enolase antibodies with unique manifestations. Methods. A case report. Results. A 30-year-old male experienced recurrent, primarily peripheral visual field disturbances and minimal photopsia, with interval symptom resolution. Fundus changes subsequently developed in areas corresponding to the previous visual field symptoms. Electroretinogram showed bilaterally symmetric abnormalities of light-adapted responses and suggested loss of photoreceptor function. Only anti-alpha-enolase antibodies were detected on Western blot. Our patient noted cutaneous symptoms at the time of both episodes of visual symptoms, but not in the interim. Biomicroscopy revealed subtle small reddish spots in areas of the peripheral retina corresponding to the areas of the patient's visual field where he noted symptoms. To our knowledge these reddish spots have not been reported in autoimmune retinopathy and may clinically support in vitro and in vivo evidence that anti-alpha-enolase antibodies may target photoreceptors. Conclusions. Our patient demonstrates some unique features adding to the known characteristics of autoimmune retinopathy associated with anti-alpha-enolase antibodies. As more cases are reported, further understanding of the features and pathophysiology of this rare condition will hopefully be elucidated

Avenues for Professional Development: Faculty Perspectives from an Indian Medical School

ABSTRACT Backgroun

Response to rapidly changing healthcare information regarding COVID-19 with virtual journal club

Virtual twice weekly COVID-19 journal club (JC) created to optimize residency and faculty education regarding COVID-19 management, critical appraisal of new literature, and improve departmental collaboration and connection

Lysine methylation of HIV-1 Tat regulates transcriptional activity of the viral LTR

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The rate of transcription of the HIV-1 viral genome is mediated by the interaction of the viral protein Tat with the LTR and other transcriptional machinery. These specific interactions can be affected by the state of post-translational modifications on Tat. Previously, we have shown that Tat can be phosphorylated and acetylated <it>in vivo </it>resulting in an increase in the rate of transcription. In the present study, we investigated whether Tat could be methylated on lysine residues, specifically on lysine 50 and 51, and whether this modification resulted in a decrease of viral transcription from the LTR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We analyzed the association of Tat with histone methyltransferases of the SUV39-family of SET domain containing proteins <it>in vitro</it>. Tat was found to associate with both SETDB1 and SETDB2, two enzymes which exhibit methyltransferase activity. siRNA against SETDB1 transfected into cell systems with both transient and integrated LTR reporter genes resulted in an increase in transcription of the HIV-LTR in the presence of suboptimal levels of Tat. <it>In vitro </it>methylation assays with Tat peptides containing point mutations at lysines 50 and 51 showed an increased incorporation of methyl groups on lysine 51, however, both residues indicated susceptibility for methylation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The association of Tat with histone methyltransferases and the ability for Tat to be methylated suggests an interesting mechanism of transcriptional regulation through the recruitment of chromatin remodeling proteins to the HIV-1 promoter.</p

Mapping of Tilapia Lake Virus entry pathways with inhibitors reveals dependence on dynamin activity and cholesterol but not endosomal acidification

Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) is an emerging virus lethal to tilapia, which threatens the global tilapia aquaculture with severe implications for food security. TiLV possesses similar features to orthomyxoviruses but is classified in the sole and the monotypic genus Tilapinevirus of the family Amnoonviridae. TiLV enveloped virions encapsidate a genome comprising ten segments of single-stranded, negative RNA. Remarkably, nine of TiLV’s ten major proteins lack sequence homology to any known viral or cellular proteins. The mode of TiLV entry into tilapia cells is not known. Following the measurement of the entry window of TiLV (∼3 h), we applied a panel of inhibitors of known regulators of endocytic functions to map the molecular requirements for TiLV entry. We identified productive entry by quantification of TiLV nucleoprotein expression and the generation of infectious particles. Inhibition of dynamin activity with dynasore or dynole, or depletion of cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin, strongly inhibited TiLV protein synthesis and infectious virion production. Moreover, inhibition of actin cytoskeleton polymerization with latrunculin A or microtubule polymerization with nocodazole within the entry window resulted in partial inhibition of TiLV infection. In contrast, inhibitors of endosomal acidification (NH4Cl, bafilomycin A1, or chloroquine), an inhibitor of clathrin-coated pit assembly (pitstop 2), and erlotinib—an inhibitor of the endocytic Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK), did not affect TiLV entry. Altogether, these results suggest that TiLV enters via dynamin-mediated endocytosis in a cholesterol-, cytoskeleton-dependent manner, and clathrin-, pH-independent manner. Thus, despite being an orthomyx-like virus, when compared to the prototypical orthomyxovirus (influenza A virus), TiLV shows a distinct set of requirements for entry into cells

Manifesto: Networks of Decolonization in Asia and Africa

Scholarship on the Afro-Asian era has tended to focus on major diplomatic events. This manifesto is a call to acknowledge the larger Afro-Asian environment in which the “Bandung moment” took place, focusing on transnational networks outside those of interstate diplomacy. This manifesto highlights the multiple modes of internationalism by which Asian and African actors navigated and subverted the power dynamics of the early Cold War, and popularized Afro-Asianism at the local level. In approaching decolonization from the point of view of the Global South, the collective advocates a collaborative approach that brings together findings from multiple archives and regional specialties, both enabling and sharing research from the point of archival inquiry to dissemination. While recognizing the unique insights of archives, they seek to harness the possibilities of digital humanities in allowing them to expand research and collaborate with both academic and nonacademic participants across the world

Reduced-intensity Transplantation For Lymphomas Using Haploidentical Related Donors Versus Hla-matched Sibling Donors: A Center For International Blood And Marrow Transplant Research Analysis

Purpose: Related donor haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (Haplo-HCT) using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) is increasingly used in patients lacking HLA-matched sibling donors (MSD). We compared outcomes after Haplo-HCT using PT-Cy with MSD-HCT in patients with lymphoma, using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 987 adult patients undergoing either Haplo-HCT (n = 180) or MSD-HCT (n = 807) following reduced-intensity conditioning regimens. The haploidentical group received graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with PT-Cy with or without a calcineurin inhibitor and mycophenolate. The MSD group received calcineurin inhibitor-based GVHD prophylaxis. Results: Median follow-up of survivors was 3 years. The 28-day neutrophil recovery was similar in the two groups (95% v 97%; P = .31). The 28-day platelet recovery was delayed in the haploidentical group compared with the MSD group (63% v 91%; P = .001). Cumulative incidence of grade II to IV acute GVHD at day 100 was similar between the two groups (27% v 25%; P = .84). Cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD at 1 year was significantly lower after Haplo-HCT (12% v 45%; P < .001), and this benefit was confirmed on multivariate analysis (relative risk, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.31; P < .001). For Haplo-HCT v MSD-HCT, 3-year rates of nonrelapse mortality (15% v 13%; P = .41), relapse/progression (37% v 40%; P = .51), progression-free survival (48% v 48%; P = .96), and overall survival (61% v 62%; P = .82) were similar. Multivariate analysis showed no significant difference between Haplo-HCT and MSD-HCT in terms of nonrelapse mortality (P = .06), progression/relapse (P = .10), progression-free survival (P = .83), and overall survival (P = .34). Conclusion: Haplo-HCT with PT-Cy provides survival outcomes comparable to MSD-HCT, with a significantly lower risk of chronic GVHD

Making African connections: decolonial futures for colonial collections. Initial findings and recommendations

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Efficacy of checkpoint inhibition after CAR-T failure in aggressive B-cell lymphomas: outcomes from 15 US institutions

Checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy with anti-PD-1 antibodies has been associated with mixed outcomes in small cohorts of patients with relapsed aggressive B-cell lymphomas after CAR-T failure. To define CPI therapy efficacy more definitively in this population, we retrospectively evaluated clinical outcomes in a large cohort of 96 patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas receiving CPI therapy after CAR-T failure across 15 US academic centers. Most patients (53%) had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, were treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (53%), relapsed early (≤180&nbsp;days) after CAR-T (83%), and received pembrolizumab (49%) or nivolumab (43%). CPI therapy was associated with an overall response rate of 19% and a complete response rate of 10%. Median duration of response was 221&nbsp;days. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 54 and 159&nbsp;days, respectively. Outcomes to CPI therapy were significantly improved in patients with primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. PFS (128 vs 51&nbsp;days) and OS (387 vs 131&nbsp;days) were significantly longer in patients with late (&gt;180&nbsp;days) vs early (≤180&nbsp;days) relapse after CAR-T. Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 19% of patients treated with CPI. Most patients (83%) died, commonly because of progressive disease. Only 5% had durable responses to CPI therapy. In the largest cohort of patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma treated with CPI therapy after CAR-T relapse, our results reveal poor outcomes, particularly among those relapsing early after CAR-T. In conclusion, CPI therapy is not an effective salvage strategy for most patients after CAR-T, where alternative approaches are needed to improve post-CAR-T outcomes