Total Minimal Dominating Signed Graph

Cartwright and Harary considered graphs in which vertices represent persons and the edges represent symmetric dyadic relations amongst persons each of which designated as being positive or negative according to whether the nature of the relationship is positive (friendly, like, etc.) or negative (hostile, dislike, etc.). Such a network S is called a signed graph. Signed graphs are much studied in literature because of their extensive use in modeling a variety socio-psychological process and also because of their interesting connections with many classical mathematical systems

A Report on implementation of operational Global and Indian Ocean HYCOM at INCOIS

A state of the art operational forecasting system with data assimilation (DA) is established at INCOIS, which is the first of it's kind in the country. The Indian Ocean model is the highest resolution operational system with DA available for the basin compared to any operational agency in the world. The core of the system is a 1/16th eddy resolving Indian ocean Hybrid Coordinate Model (HYCOM), nested to a 1/4th Global HYCOM which provides lateral boundary conditions to the high-resolution model. The system uses data assimilation scheme based on Tentral Statistical Interpolation (T-SIS) scheme. A five-year hindcast for the period 2012 to 2016 has been carried out using both setups. This report presents a detailed evaluation of both global and Indian ocean models in comparison with observations and two other established systems, NRL HYCOM and GODAS from INCOIS. The five-year hindcast results show that both Indian Ocean and global model simulated SST, SSS, SLA, currents and vertical structure of the ocean favourably when compared with observations and other models. Bias, RMSD, correlation and skill score compared to observations from each of the four models for selected parameters are evaluated as part of this exercise. Sea-level and currents, show a notable better performance for the new setups at INCOIS over NRL-HYCOM and INCOIS-GODA

Prediction of Cardiovascular Diseases by Integrating Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Phonocardiogram (PCG) Multi-Modal Features using Hidden Semi Morkov Model

Because the health care field generates a large amount of data, we must employ modern ways to handle this data in order to give effective outcomes and make successful decisions based on data. Heart diseases are the major cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for 1/3th of all fatalities. Cardiovascular disease detection can be accomplished by the detection of disturbance in cardiac signals, one of which is known as phonocardiography. The aim of this project is for using machine learning to categorize cardiac illness based on electrocardiogram (ECG) and phonocardiogram (PCG) readings. The investigation began with signal preprocessing, which included cutting and normalizing the signal, and was accompanied by a continuous wavelet transformation utilizing a mother wavelet analytic morlet. The results of the decomposition are shown using a scalogram, and the outcomes are predicted using the Hidden semi morkov model (HSMM). In the first phase, we submit the dataset file and choose an algorithm to run on the chosen dataset. The accuracy of each selected method is then predicted, along with a graph, and a modal is built for the one with the max frequency by training the dataset to it. In the following step, input for each cardiac parameter is provided, and the sick stage of the heart is predicted based on the modal created. We then take measures based on the patient's condition. When compared to current approaches, the suggested HSMM has 0.952 sensitivity, 0.92 specificity, 0.94 F-score, 0.91 ACC, and 0.96 AUC

Quasi Switched Capacitor based integrated Boost Series Parallel Fly-back Converter for energy Storage Applications

711-715A quasi-Switched Capacitor technique (QSC) is used to control the switch in Interconnected Boost Series Parallel Fly-Back Converter (IBSPFC). The QSC based IBSPFC does not require any snubber circuits for all the MOSFET switches presented at primary and secondary side and power can also be transferred even if one the winding gets damage. The primary side winding of the fly-back transformer is coupled in series across with bulk capacitor to minimize switch voltage stress and the secondary winding of the 1:1 fly-back transformer is coupled with dc voltage source, three switches and capacitor which forms a Quasi switched capacitor technique. Working techniques of quasi-switched capacitor with IBSPFC have been introduced. A 75v input, 100v output and DC-DC isolated Converter switching at frequency of 100 kHz is modeled using FPGA SPARTAN6LX9 and experimental results have been presented

Visio-Linguistic Brain Encoding

Enabling effective brain-computer interfaces requires understanding how the human brain encodes stimuli across modalities such as visual, language (or text), etc. Brain encoding aims at constructing fMRI brain activity given a stimulus. There exists a plethora of neural encoding models which study brain encoding for single mode stimuli: visual (pretrained CNNs) or text (pretrained language models). Few recent papers have also obtained separate visual and text representation models and performed late-fusion using simple heuristics. However, previous work has failed to explore: (a) the effectiveness of image Transformer models for encoding visual stimuli, and (b) co-attentive multi-modal modeling for visual and text reasoning. In this paper, we systematically explore the efficacy of image Transformers (ViT, DEiT, and BEiT) and multi-modal Transformers (VisualBERT, LXMERT, and CLIP) for brain encoding. Extensive experiments on two popular datasets, BOLD5000 and Pereira, provide the following insights. (1) To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to investigate the effectiveness of image and multi-modal Transformers for brain encoding. (2) We find that VisualBERT, a multi-modal Transformer, significantly outperforms previously proposed single-mode CNNs, image Transformers as well as other previously proposed multi-modal models, thereby establishing new state-of-the-art. The supremacy of visio-linguistic models raises the question of whether the responses elicited in the visual regions are affected implicitly by linguistic processing even when passively viewing images. Future fMRI tasks can verify this computational insight in an appropriate experimental setting.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figure

Decision Making Behaviour of Fisherwomen of Dakshina Kannada District of Karnataka - An Empirical Analysis

Among the different sectors of the Indian economy where women contribute significantly, fisheries sector occupies a prime place. Out of the total fisherfolk population of Karnataka, comprising 1 67 429, around 23 000 fisherwomen are actively involved in fisheries related activities such as marketing of fish, net making/repairing, curing/ processing, peeling, labour and other miscellaneous activities. Though, studies have captured the pivotal role played by fisherwomen in income generation for their families, the decision making behavior, a key parameter of their empowerment status, remains an unexplored area. The present study deals with the areas of decision making in which fisherwomen are involved and the influence of socio-economic status on their decision making behavior. The study was undertaken in three selected villages in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka using multi stage random sampling method. From the findings, it was observed that, 84.16% of female fresh fish vendors had medium level of decision making behaviour. Fisherwomen were observed to be the sole and independent decision makers with respect to all aspects of fish marketing such as source of fish purchase, rate and quantity to be purchased, transportation, quantity of ice to be used, selling price, time of fish sales, purchasing and hiring of equipment and getting and repaying credits

In-vitro study of formulation and evaluation of nanosuspension of tamoxifen

Background: Nanosuspension technology has been developed as a promising candidate for efficient delivery of hydrophobic drugs. It could maintain the required crystalline state of the drug with reduced particle size, leading to an increased reporting on dissolution rate and therefore improved bioavailability.Methods: In this paper, we report on the preparation of Tamoxifen nanosuspension by high-pressure homogenization (HPH). The aim is to obtain a stable nanosuspension with an increased drug saturation solubility and dissolution velocity. The morphology and particle size distribution of the modified nanosuspensions were characterized by the means of several analyses that included: transmission electron microscopy (TEM), polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X- ray diffractometry (XRD).Results: HPH was employed to produce aqueous drug nanosuspensions with fine solubility and dissolution properties, which render the produced particles stable up to one month. In addition, the prepared nanosuspensions possessed a high drug-loading efficiency (10%). The recoded zeta potential values (≈ -27 mV) indicated that the prepared nanosuspensions possess a higher degree of long-term stability. TEM data showed narrow size distribution with average size 322.7 nm. Morphologically, as indicated from results, the produced nanosuspensions have a homogenous distribution even after redispersion, indicating the stability of the product.Conclusions: It was possible to obtain Tamoxifen nanosuspensions with fine solubility and dissolution properties. Nanosuspensions possessed a high drug- loading (10%), which could reduce the dosage administration and gastrointestinal side effects. HPH can be employed to produce aqueous drug nanosuspensions that are stable up to one month. Aqueous nanosuspension can be converted to dry nanocrystals by lyophilization which offer superior physicochemical properties

Characterization of polymorphism displayed by the coat protein mutants of tomato bushy stunt virus

AbstractExpression of full-length and N-terminal deletion mutants of the coat protein (CP) of tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) using the recombinant baculovirus system resulted in spontaneously assembled virus-like particles (VLPs). Deletion of the majority of the R-domain sequence of the CP, residues 1–52 (CP-NΔ52) and 1–62 (CP-NΔ62), produced capsids similar to wild-type VLPs. Interestingly, the CP-NΔ62 mutant that retains the last 3 residues of R-domain is capable of forming both the T = 1 and T = 3 particles. However, between the two types of VLPs, formation of the T = 1 capsids appears to be preferred. Another mutant, CP-NΔ72, in which R-domain (residues 1–65) was completely removed but contains most of the β-annulus and extended arm (βA) regions exclusively formed T = 1 particles. These results suggest that as few as 3 residues (63–65) of the R-domain, which includes 2 basic amino acids together with the arm (βA) and β-annulus regions, may be sufficient for the formation of T = 3 particles. However, anywhere between 4 to 13 residues of the R-domain may be required for proper positioning of βA and β-annulus structural elements of the C-type subunits to facilitate an error free assembly of T = 3 capsids

Structure of a Cell Entry Defective Human Adenovirus Provides Insights into Precursor Proteins and Capsid Maturation : Cryo-EM structure of ts1 virion of an adenovirus

Funding Information: We would like to thank Dr. Francisco Asturias for his advice on electron microscopy experiments and Dr. J.C. Ducom for installing Scipion and cisTEM packages on the HPC cluster and computational support in general. This work was supported by the NIH grant R21 AI146644 to V.S.R. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier LtdMaturation of adenoviruses is distinguished by proteolytic processing of several interior minor capsid proteins and core proteins by the adenoviral protease and subsequent reorganization of adenovirus core. We report the results derived from the icosahedrally averaged cryo-EM structure of a cell entry defective form of adenovirus, designated ts1, at a resolution of 3.7 Å as well as of the localized reconstructions of unique hexons and penton base. The virion structure revealed the structures and organization of precursors of minor capsid proteins, pIIIa, pVI and pVIII, which are closely associated with the hexons on the capsid interior. In addition to a well-ordered helical domain (a.a. 310–397) of pIIIa, highlights of the structure include the precursors of VIII display significantly different structures near the cleavage sites. Moreover, we traced residues 4–96 of the membrane lytic protein (pVI) that includes an amphipathic helix occluded deep in the hexon cavity suggesting the possibility of co-assembly of hexons with the precursors of VI. In addition, we observe a second copy of pVI ordered up to residue L40 in the peripentonal hexons and a few fragments of density corresponding to 2nd and 3rd copies of pVI in other hexons. However, we see no evidence of precursors of VII binding in the hexon cavity. These findings suggest the possibility that differently bound pVI molecules undergo processing at the N-terminal cleavage sites at varying efficiencies, subsequently creating competition between the cleaved and uncleaved forms of VI, followed by reorganization, processing, and release of VI molecules from the hexon cavities.Peer reviewe

Effects of Unsteady Free Convective MHD Non-Newtonian Flow Through a Porous Medium Bounded by an Infinite Inclined Porous Plate

The problem of unsteady free convective MHD incompressible electrically conducting non-Newtonian fluid through porous medium bounded by on infinite inclined porous plate in the presence of constant suction and absorbing sinks is presented. Uniform magnetic field is applied normal to the plate. The equations governing the fluid flow have been solved using multi-parameter perturbation technique, subject to the relevant boundary conditions. It is noted that the velocity of the fluid and skin friction ore increased as permeability parameter and angle of inclination increases, whereas reverse phenomenon is observed in case of magnetic field strength and sink strength. Velocity and temperature are greater for mercury than that of electrolytic solution. Rate of heat transfer decreases with increase in the sink strength. The results ore discussed through graphs and tables