Nonlinearity Induced Critical Coupling

We study a critically coupled system (Opt. Lett., \textbf{32}, 1483 (2007)) with a Kerr-nonlinear spacer layer. Nonlinearity is shown to inhibit null-scattering in a critically coupled system at low powers. However, a system detuned from critical coupling can exhibit near-complete suppression of scattering by means of nonlinearity-induced changes in refractive index. Our studies reveal clearly an important aspect of critical coupling as a delicate balance in both the amplitude and the phase relations, while a nonlinear resonance in dispersive bistability concerns only the phase

Trimethylsilylnitrate: a useful reagent for direct synthesis of 2-deoxy-O-glycosides from glycals

Trimethylsilylnitrate acts as a useful reagent for the addition of alcohols to glycals forming 2-deoxy-O-glycosides in good to excellent yields

Screening of Inexpensive Nitrogen Sources for Production of L(+) Lactic Acid from Starch by Amylolytic Lactobacillus amylophilus GV6 in Single Step Fermentation

L. amylophilus GV6 was studied for production of L(+) lactic acid in single step fermentation using starchy substrates. Seven types of inexpensive organic nitrogen supplements (flour of pigeon pea, red lentil gram, black gram, bengal gram, green gram, soya bean and baker’s yeast) were evaluated for their potential to replace more expensive commercial nitrogen sources, peptone and yeast extract. Red lentil and baker’s yeast cells were found to be the best alternative nutrient sources of peptone and yeast extract for lactic acid production. L(+) lactic acid yield was about 92 % m(lactic acid)/m(starch) utilized in this study

Power quality improvement in distribution system based on dynamic voltage restorer using PI tuned fuzzy logic controller

Purpose. This article proposes a new control strategy for Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) in utility grid for distribution system. The proposed DVR using PI tuned fuzzy logic scheme is based on replacement of conventional DVR and voltage sag compensation in distribution system network. The novelty of the proposed work consists in presenting an enhanced PI tuned fuzzy logic algorithm to control efficiently the dynamic voltage restorer when voltage sag is suddenly occurred. Methods. The proposed algorithm which provides sophisticated and cost-effective solution for power quality problems. Our strategy is based on tuned fuzzy control of reactive powers and also closed loop for harmonic reduction in distribution system. The proposed control technique strategy is validated using MATLAB / Simulink software to analysis the working performances. Results. The results obtained clearly show that DVR using PI tuned fuzzy logic have good performances (sag compensation, harmonic reduction) compared to conventional DVR. Originality. Compensation of voltage sag/ swell in distribution for reactive power and current harmonic reduction by using DVR based PI tuned fuzzy logic controller. Practical value. The work concerns the comparative study and the application of DVR based on PI tuned fuzzy techniques to achieve a good performance control system of the distribution system. This article presents a comparative study between the conventional DVR control and PI tuned fuzzy DVR control. The strategy based on the use of a PI tuned fuzzy controller algorithm for the control of the continuous voltage sag and harmonic for the distribution network-linear as well as non-linear loads in efficient manner. The study is validated by the simulation results based on MATLAB / Simulink software.Мета. У статті пропонується нова стратегія управління пристроєм динамічного відновлення напруги (ДВН) в мережі розподільної системи. Запропонований ДВН, що використовує схему нечіткої логіки з ПІ-налаштуванням, заснований на заміні звичайного ДВН та компенсації провалів напруги в мережі розподільної системи. Новизна запропонованої роботи полягає у поданні удосконаленого алгоритму нечіткої логіки з ПІ-налаштуванням для ефективного управління динамічним відновником напруги при раптовому виникненні провалу напруги. Методи. Запропоновано алгоритм, який забезпечує складне та економічне вирішення проблем якості електроенергії. Наша стратегія заснована на нечіткому керуванні реактивною потужністю, що налаштовується, а також на замкненому контурі для зниження гармонік в розподільній системі. Запропонована методика управління перевіряється за допомогою програмного забезпечення MATLAB/Simulink для аналізу робочих характеристик. Результати. Отримані результати чітко показують, що ДВН, який використовує нечітку логіку з ПІ-налаштуванням, має хороші характеристики (компенсація провалів, зниження гармонік) порівняно із звичайним ДВН. Оригінальність. Компенсація провалів/стрибків напруги у розподільній мережі для зниження реактивної потужності та гармонік струму за допомогою нечіткої логіки з використанням ДВН на основі контролера нечіткої логіки з ПІ-налаштуванням. Практична цінність. Робота стосується порівняльного дослідження та застосування ДВН на основі нечіткої логіки з ПІ-налаштуванням для досягнення хороших параметрів системи керування розподільною системою. У статті представлено порівняльне дослідження звичайного керуванням ДВН та нечіткого керування ДВН з ПІ-налаштуванням. Стратегія, заснована на використанні алгоритму нечіткої логіки з ПІ-налаштуванням для ефективного керування безперервним провалом напруги та гармоніками для лінійних та нелінійних навантажень розподільчої мережі. Дослідження підтверджено результатами моделювання на основі програмного забезпечення MATLAB/Simulink

Influence of Lactic Cultures on Microbial Deterioration in Ground Beef

Food Scienc

Genetics of SCMR AND SLA, the Traits Related To Drought Tolerance in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

An investigation was carried out with the objectives, i) to unravel the nature of gene action for SCMR and SLA, the surrogate traits of drought tolerance and for yield and its contributing traits, ii) to assess the maternal effects for SCMR and SLA in selected parents and their F1 crosses and iii) to assess the carbon isotope discrimination (another surrogate of drought tolerance) among the parental genotypes. The investigation was carried out in alfisols of International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) during 2007 rainy season and 2007-08 post rainy season. The experimental material consisted of six-generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1, and B2) which were evaluated in randomized complete block design

Coculture fermentation of banana agro-waste to ethanol by cellulolytic thermophilic Clostridium thermocellum CT2

Banana is a major cash crop of many regions generating good amount of waste after harvest. This agro waste which is left for natural degradation is used as substrate for single step ethanol fermentation by thermophilic, cellulolytic, ethanologenic Clostridium thermocellum CT2, a new culture isolated from elephant droppings. Scanning electron microscopic pictures clearly indicate cellulolysis and close interaction of selected isolate CT2 with cellulose. The optimum conditions for cellulose fermentation were 60°C, pH 7.5, inoculums size 5% and incubation time 5 days. Ethanol produced and reducing sugars were estimated by gas chromatography. Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum HG8 and Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus ATCC 31937 were used in coculture fermentation with CT2. Coculture fermentation of CT2 with HG8 was more efficient in terms of ethanol production, cellulose degradation and reducing sugars utilization. A maximum ethanol yield of 0.41g/g substrate used was obtained oncoculturing CT2 with HG8 on alkali treated banana waste. Coculture was active even at substrate concentrations up to 100 g/l, a maximum ethanol of 22 g/l was obtained at 100 g/l substrate concentration on coculturing CT2 with HG8. This is the first report on anaerobic single step conversionof banana waste to ethanol by C. thermocellum

Influence of Pre- and Post-Rigor Excision on Some Bovine Muscles

Food Scienc

RECOGNIZING ATTACKS OF PACKET DROPPING WITHIN WIRELESS SYSTEMS

We build up an effective algorithm for detection of selective packet drops made by insider attackers and it moreover provides a truthful as well as publicly verifiable decision statistics as a proof to maintain detection decision. In our work we are interested to find out whether the losses are due to link errors or else by the collective effect of malicious drop and link errors during the observation of the packet losses within the network. Identifying attacks of selective packet-dropping is particularly not easy in an extremely active wireless environment. The difficulty comes from prerequisite that we need to not only distinguish the place of packet dropping, but moreover to recognize whether the drop is planned or unintended. For improvisation of the accuracy of detection we recommend to utilize the correlations among lost packets and for ensuring of these correlations calculations, we build up a homomorphic linear authenticator based structure of public auditing allowing the detector to confirm truth of packet loss data reported by nodes.  This structure is collusion proof, privacy preserving, and incur low communication as well as storage overheads.  Our proposed system considers cross-statistics between lost packets to make a additional informative decision, and as a result is in sharp difference to conventional methods that depend only on distribution of number of lost packets