Influence of glycerin and lecithin inclusion in the diet on liver characteristics and lipid fraction in the serum of brownegg laying hens at 55 week of age

The effects of the inclusion of raw glycerin (GLYC) and raw lecithin, in the diet (23 to 55 wk) on liver characteristics and various serum lipid fractions were studied in brown egg-laying hens at 55 wk of age. The control diets were based on corn, soybean meal, and 4% supplemental fat and contained 2,750 kcal AMEn/kg, 16.5% CP, and 0.73% digestible Lys. The diets were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial with 2 levels of GLYC (0 and 7%) and 3 animal fat to lecithin ratios (4:0, 2:2, and 0:4%). Each treatment was replicated 8 times and the experimental unit was a cage with 10 hens. At 55 wk of age, 2 hens per cage replicate were randomly selected, weighed individually, and slaughtered by CO2 inhalation. Liver was immediately removed and weighed and the color recorded by spectrophotometry. In addition, blood samples from one bird per replicate were collected from the wing vein and the concentration of total cholesterol, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined. The data were analyzed as a completely randomized design and the main effects of GLYC and lecithin content of the diet and the interactions were determined. No interactions between GLYC and lecithin content of the diets were detected for any of the variables studied. Liver characteristics and serum lipid traits were not affected by the inclusion of GLYC in the diet. The substitution of animal fat by lecithin, however, reduced the redness (a* 14.9 to 13.8) and yellowness (b* 8.60 to 7.20) values of the liver (P < 0.05) but did not affect the content of serum lipid fractions. It is concluded that the inclusion of GLYC and lecithin in the diet did not affect liver size or serum lipid fraction. However, the inclusion of lecithin reduced the a* and b* value of the live

Glycerin and lecithin inclusion in diets for brown egg-layinghens: Effects on egg production and nutrient digestibility

The effects of the inclusion of raw glycerin (GLYC) and lecithin in the diet on egg production,egg quality and total tract apparent retention (TTAR) of dietary components was studied inbrown egg-laying hens from 23 to 51 wk of age. The experimental design was completelyrandomized with six diets combined as a 2 × 3 factorial with two levels of GLYC (0 vs.70 g/kg) and three animal fat to lecithin ratios (40:0, 20:20 and 0:40 g/kg). Each treatmentwas replicated eight times and the experimental unit was a cage with ten hens. Productionwas recorded by replicate every 28-d period and cumulatively. For the entire experiment,the inclusion of GLYC in the diet hindered feed conversion ratio per kilogram of eggs (2.071vs. 2.039; P < 0.05) but did not affect any of the other production or egg quality traits studied.The replacement of animal fat by lecithin (40:0, 20:20 and 0:40 g/kg) increased egg weight(60.1, 60.7 and 61.8 g, respectively; P < 0.001) and egg mass production (56.8, 57.5 and58.8 g/d, respectively; P < 0.01) and improved yolk color as measured by the DSM colorfan (9.2, 9.2 and 9.5, respectively; P < 0.001) and feed conversion ratio per kilogram of eggs(2.072, 2.068 and 2.027, respectively; P < 0.05). Feed intake, egg production and body weightgain, however, were not affected. The inclusion of GLYC in the diet did not affect nutrientretention but lecithin inclusion improved TTAR of dry matter (P < 0.05), organic matter(P < 0.05), ether extract (P < 0.001) and gross energy (P < 0.001). In summary, the inclusionof 70 g glycerol/kg diet hindered feed conversion ratio per kilogram of eggs but did notaffect any other production or digestibility trait. The replacement of animal fat by lecithinimproved egg weight, egg yolk color and nutrient digestibility. Consequently, lecithin canbe used as a lipid source in laying hen diets with beneficial effects on egg productio

New 0-D methodology for predicting NO formation under continuously varying temperature and mixture composition conditions

The development of new diesel combustion modes characterized by low combustion temperatures, to minimize the NOx emissions, has caused a noticeable change in the diesel spray s structure and in the NOx chemistry, gaining relevance the N2O and the prompt routes in detriment of the thermal mechanism.Therefore, to accurately predict the NOx emissions, the detailed chemistry and physics must be taken into account, with the consequence of increasing the computational cost. The authors propose in the current study a new predictive methodology associated to low computational cost, where detailed chemistry and simplified physics are considered. To diminish even more the computational cost, the chemistry was tabulated as a function of temperature and oxygen excess mass fraction (parameter which effectively couples the equivalence ratio and the EGR rate). This tool has been developed with the objective of being applicable in continuously varying temperature and mixture fraction conditions (the diffusion diesel spray context) and was validated with the Two-Stage Lagrangian model (TSL-model) and with real engine measurements. The results in both validation scenarios reflect a high degree of accuracy making it applicable, at least, to perform qualitative predictions. By extension, it is expected to perform similarly in continuously varying temperature conditions (i.e.: homogenous charge compression ignition diesel combustion modes) which are less demanding computationally speaking.The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of the Spanish Ministry of Economic and Competitively for the financial support of the present research study associate to the projects TRA 2008-06448 (VELOSOOT) and to Dr. V. Golovitchev for his valuable comments and suggestions.Benajes Calvo, JV.; López Sánchez, JJ.; Molina Alcaide, SA.; Redón Lurbe, P. (2015). New 0-D methodology for predicting NO formation under continuously varying temperature and mixture composition conditions. Energy Conversion and Management. 91:367-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.12.010S3673769

Clinical inertia in poorly controlled elderly hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study in Spanish physicians to ascertain reasons for not intensifying treatment

Background Clinical inertia, the failure of physicians to initiate or intensify therapy when indicated, is a major problem in the management of hypertension and may be more prevalent in elderly patients. Overcoming clinical inertia requires understanding its causes and evaluating certain factors, particularly those related to physicians. Objective The objective of our study was to determine the rate of clinical inertia and the physician-reported rea- sons for it. Conclusion Physicians provided reasons for not intensi- fying treatment in poorly controlled patients in only 30 % of instances. Main reasons for not intensifying treatment were borderline BP values, co-morbidity, suspected white coat effect, or perceived difficulty achieving target. nJCI was associated with high borderline BP values and car- diovascular diseas

Study of slab on grade thickness for racking throughout Finite Element Method

[EN] In the current paper, comparative analyses between three procedures of calculation have been developed, in order to obtain slab on grade thicknesses when the slabs are loaded with racking posts. For this case, the classical expression of Westergaard cannot be applied directly because of the influence of the remainder posts and their proximity. Firstly, the comparative analysis has been done by means of bibliographical design abacus; in the second place, the slab is discretized with finite elements resting above the soil modelled with soil reaction springs; and in third place, a three dimensional solid finite element model represents the base and subgrade set. In the paper some innovative issues regarding the thickness performance and the grade slab interaction are developed. Finally, a series of graphical results are obtained allowing for the pre-design.[ES] En el presente artículo se realiza un estudio comparativo entre tres procedimientos de cálculo para obtener espesores en soleras de hormigón ligeramente armadas por retracción, con cargas debidas a estanterías. Las fórmulas para cargas aisladas de Westergaard no tienen para este caso una aplicación directa debido a la influencia del resto de soportes y su cercanía. El estudio comparativo se realiza en primer lugar mediante nomogramas de cálculo de la bibliografía; en segundo lugar, la solera se discretiza con elementos finitos y apoya sobre el terreno modelizado con coeficiente de balasto, y en tercer lugar, mediante elementos finitos tridimensionales sólidos que representan la base y la explanada, desarrollándose aspectos novedosos en el tratamiento del conjunto solera-terreno tanto en sus expresiones como en su interacción. Asimismo, se obtienen una serie de gráficas que permiten realizar predimensionados.Ferrer Gisbert, CM.; Ferran Gozalvez, JJ.; Torregrosa Soler, JB.; Sánchez Romero, FJ.; Redón Santafé, M.; Pérez Sánchez, M. (2016). Contribución al estudio de espesores de soleras de hormigón para cargas de estanterías mediante elementos finitos. Informes de la Construcción. 68(543):1-10. doi:10.3989/ic.15.093S11068543(1) Mecalux, S. A. (2011). Manual técnico del almacenaje. Mecalux, p. 155. Mecalux, S. A.(3) Westergaard, H.M. (1926). Stresses in Concrete Pavements Computed by Theoretical Analysis. Public Roads, 7(2): 25.(4) Pickett, G., Ray, G.K. (1951). Influence Charts for Concrete Pavements. Trans. ASCE, 116: 49.(5) Meyerhof, G.G. (1962). Load carrying capacity of concrete pavements. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers.Shentu, L., Jiang, D., & Hsu, C.-T. T. (1997). Load-Carrying Capacity for Concrete Slabs on Grade. Journal of Structural Engineering, 123(1), 95-103. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1997)123:1(95)(12) Fwa, T.F. (2006). The Handbook of Highway Engineering, p. 9-53. Taylor & Francis.(14) Ferrer Gisbert, C. (1998). Contribución al estudio de soleras de hormigón de industrias agroalimentarias mediante la técnica de los elementos finitos. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, pp. 164-166.Look, B. G. (2007). Handbook of Geotechnical Investigation and Design Tables. doi:10.1201/9780203946602(17) Ministerio de Vivienda. (2006). CTE-DB-SE-C. Cimientos, p. 123.(18) PG3. (2007). Pliego de prescripciones técnicas generales para obras de carreteras y puentes, pp. 229-238. Liteam Ediciones.(20) Winterkorn, H.F., Fang H. (1975). Foundation Engineering Handbook, p. 519. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.(21) PCA. (1966). Thickness Design for concrete Pavements. Portland Cement Association.(23) Escario, J.L., Escario, V., Balaguer, E. (1973). Caminos (Tomo II) Firmes de carreteras y aeropuertos, p. 982. ETSI, Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.(25) Australia T34. (1985). Concrete Industrial Floor and Pavement Design. Cement and Concrete Association of Australia.(26) Jofré, C., Vaquero, J.J. (2000). Manual de pavimentos industriales, pp. 60-63. IECA.(27) Wilson, E.L. (1999). Three Dimensional Static and Dynamic Analysis of Structures. Berkeley, California (USA): Computers & Structures, Inc.(28) Ferrer, C.M., Vallés, J.J. (1992). Apuntes de Construcción II. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia

Physician Perception of Blood Pressure Control and Treatment Behavior in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: We examined physician perception of blood pressure control and treatment behavior in patients with previous cardiovascular disease and uncontrolled hypertension as defined by European Guidelines. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 321 primary care physicians throughout Spain consecutively studied 1,614 patients aged ≥18 years who had been diagnosed and treated for hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg), and had suffered a documented cardiovascular event. The mean value of three blood pressure measurements taken using standardized procedures was used for statistical analysis. Results: Mean blood pressure was 143.4/84.9 mmHg, and only 11.6% of these cardiovascular patients were controlled according to 2007 European Guidelines for Hypertension Management target of <130/80 mmHg. In 702 (49.2%) of the 1426 uncontrolled patients, antihypertensive medication was not changed, and in 480 (68.4%) of these cases this was due to the physicianś judgment that blood pressure was adequately controlled. In 320 (66.7%) of the latter patients, blood pressure was 130-139/80-89 mmHg. Blood pressure level was the main factor associated (inversely) with no change in treatment due to physician perception of adequate control, irrespective of sociodemographic and clinical factors. Conclusions: Physicians do not change antihypertensive treatment in many uncontrolled cardiovascular patients because they considered it unnecessary, especially when the BP values are only slightly above the guideline target. It is possible that the guidelines may be correct, but there is also the possibility that the care by the physicians is appropriate since BP <130/80 mmHg is hard to achieve, and recent reviews suggest there is insufficient evidence to support such a low BP targetFunding for this study was obtained from RECORDATI ESPAÑA, S.L through an unrestricted grant. Krista Lundelin has a ‘‘Rio Hortega’’ research training contract (Expediente CM10/00327) from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain Governmen

Documento de la Sociedad Española de Hipertensión-Liga Española para la Lucha contra la Hipertensión Arterial (SEH-LELHA) sobre las guías ACC/AHA 2017 de hipertensión arterial

The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have recently published their guidelines for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of hypertension in adults. The most controversial issue is the classification threshold at 130/80 mmHg, which will allow a large number of patients to be diagnosed as hypertensive who were previously considered normotensive. Blood pressure (BP) is considered normal (<120 mmHg systolic and <80 mmHg diastolic), elevated (120-129 and <80 mmHg), stage 1 (130-139 or 80-89 mmHg), and stage 2 (≥140 or ≥90 mmHg). Out-of-office BP measurements are recommended to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension and for titration of BP-lowering medication. In management, cardiovascular risk would be determinant since those with grade 1 hypertension and an estimated 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ≥10%, and those with cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and/or diabetes will require pharmacological treatment, the rest being susceptible to non-pharmacological treatment up to the 140/90 mmHg threshold. These recommendations would allow patients with level 1 hypertension and high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease to benefit from pharmacological therapies and all patients could also benefit from improved non-pharmacological therapies. However, this approach should be cautious because inadequate BP measurement and/or lack of systematic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease calculation could lead to overestimation in diagnosing hypertension and to overtreatment. Guidelines are recommendations, not impositions, and the management of hypertension should be individualized, based on clinical decisions, preferences of the patients, and an adequate balance between benefits and risks

The genetic architecture of low-temperature adaptation in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

[Background] Low-temperature growth and fermentation of wine yeast can enhance wine aroma and make them highly desirable traits for the industry. Elucidating response to cold in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is, therefore, of paramount importance to select or genetically improve new wine strains. As most enological traits of industrial importance in yeasts, adaptation to low temperature is a polygenic trait regulated by many interacting loci.[Results] In order to unravel the genetic determinants of low-temperature fermentation, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by bulk segregant analyses in the F13 offspring of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae industrial strains with divergent performance at low temperature. We detected four genomic regions involved in the adaptation at low temperature, three of them located in the subtelomeric regions (chromosomes XIII, XV and XVI) and one in the chromosome XIV. The QTL analysis revealed that subtelomeric regions play a key role in defining individual variation, which emphasizes the importance of these regions’ adaptive nature.[Conclusions] The reciprocal hemizygosity analysis (RHA), run to validate the genes involved in low-temperature fermentation, showed that genetic variation in mitochondrial proteins, maintenance of correct asymmetry and distribution of phospholipid in the plasma membrane are key determinants of low-temperature adaptation.This work has been financially supported from the Spanish Government through MINECO and FEDER funds (AGL2013-47300-C3-3-R and PCIN-2015-143 grants) and from Generalitat Valenciana through PROMETEOII/2014/042 grant, awarded to JMG. This study has been carried out in the context of the European Project ERA-IB “YeastTempTation” EGR thanks the Spanish government for an FPI grant BES-2011-044498 and MM also thanks the Generalitat Valenciana for a VALi+d ACIF/2015/194 grant. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer reviewe

Sex differences in cardiovascular complications and mortality in hospital patients with covid-19: registry based observational study

Objective To assess whether the risk of cardiovascular complications of covid-19 differ between the sexes and to determine whether any sex differences in risk are reduced in individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Design Registry based observational study. Setting 74 hospitals across 13 countries (eight European) participating in CAPACITY-COVID (Cardiac complicAtions in Patients With SARS Corona vIrus 2 regisTrY), from March 2020 to May 2021 Participants All adults (aged ≥18 years), predominantly European, admitted to hospital with highly suspected covid-19 disease or covid-19 disease confirmed by positive laboratory test results (n=11 167 patients). Main outcome measures Any cardiovascular complication during admission to hospital. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and individual cardiovascular complications with ≥20 events for each sex. Logistic regression was used to examine sex differences in the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, overall and grouped by pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Results Of 11 167 adults (median age 68 years, 40% female participants) included, 3423 (36% of whom were female participants) had pre-existing cardiovascular disease. In both sexes, the most common cardiovascular complications were supraventricular tachycardias (4% of female participants, 6% of male participants), pulmonary embolism (3% and 5%), and heart failure (decompensated or de novo) (2% in both sexes). After adjusting for age, ethnic group, pre-existing cardiovascular disease, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, female individuals were less likely than male individuals to have a cardiovascular complication (odds ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.80) or die (0.65, 0.59 to 0.72). Differences between the sexes were not modified by pre-existing cardiovascular disease; for the primary outcome, the female-to-male ratio of the odds ratio in those without, compared with those with, pre-existing cardiovascular disease was 0.84 (0.67 to 1.07). Conclusions In patients admitted to hospital for covid-19, female participants were less likely than male participants to have a cardiovascular complication. The differences between the sexes could not be attributed to the lower prevalence of pre-existing cardiovascular disease in female individuals. The reasons for this advantage in female individuals requires further research