Neutrino mixing and masses in a left-right model with mirror fermions

In the framework of a left-right model containing mirror fermions with gauge group SU(3)$_{C} \otimes SU(2)_{L} \otimes SU(2)_{R} \otimes U(1)_{Y^\prime}$, we estimate the neutrino masses, which are found to be consistent with their experimental bounds and hierarchy. We evaluate the decay rates of the Lepton Flavor Violation (LFV) processes $\mu \rightarrow e \gamma$, $\tau \rightarrow \mu \gamma$ and $\tau \rightarrow e\gamma$. We obtain upper limits for the flavor-changing branching ratios in agreement with their present experimental bounds. We also estimate the decay rates of heavy Majorana neutrinos in the channels $N \rightarrow W^{\pm} l^{\mp}$, $N \rightarrow Z \nu_{l}$ and $N \rightarrow H \nu_{l}$, which are roughly equal for large values of the heavy neutrino mass. Starting from the most general Majorana neutrino mass matrix, the smallness of active neutrino masses turns out from the interplay of the hierarchy of the involved scales and the double application of seesaw mechanism. An appropriate parameterization on the structure of the neutrino mass matrix imposing a symmetric mixing of electron neutrino with muon and tau neutrinos leads to Tri-bimaximal mixing matrix for light neutrinos.Comment: Accepted by European Physical Journal

Neutrino masses and mixing parameters in a left-right model with mirror fermions

In this work we consider a left-right model containing mirror fermions with gauge group SU(3)$_{C} \otimes SU(2)_{L} \otimes SU(2)_{R} \otimes U(1)_{Y^\prime}$. The model has several free parameters which here we have calculated by using the recent values for the squared-neutrino mass differences. Lower bound for the mirror vacuum expectation value helped us to obtain crude estimations for some of these parameters. Also we estimate the order of magnitude of the masses of the standard and mirror neutrinos.Comment: 13 pages, version submitted to European Physical Journal

Antimicrobial resistance through the lens of one health in Ethiopia: a review of the literature among humans, animals, and the environment

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to review and describe antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevalence in humans, animals, and the environment in Ethiopia. METHODS: We conducted a structured review of the literature on AMR in humans, animals, and the environment in Ethiopia from 2016 to 2020. We reported the pooled prevalence of AMR of bacterial pathogens in all three sectors. RESULTS: We included 43 articles in our review. Only five studies evaluated AMR across multiple sectors. The most common bacteria in humans were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. High prevalence of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were seen in gram-negative organisms, often with >50% prevalence of resistance. Highest resistance rates were seen in humans, followed by environmental isolates. Salmonella spp. exhibited higher rates of resistance than previously reported in the literature. We found methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in approximately half of S. aureus from the environment and a third from human isolates. Few studies evaluated AMR across all three sectors. CONCLUSION: Our review demonstrated high prevalence of AMR among bacteria in humans, animals, and the environment in Ethiopia. Integrating a One Health approach into AMR surveillance as part of Ethiopia's national surveillance program will inform future implementation of One Health interventions

Newton-Hooke/Carrollian expansions of (A)dS and Chern-Simons gravity

We construct finite- and infinite-dimensional non-relativistic extensions of the Newton-Hooke and Carroll (A)dS algebras using the algebra expansion method, starting from the (anti-)de Sitter relativistic algebra in D dimensions. These algebras are also shown to be embedded in different affine Kac-Moody algebras. In the three-dimensional case, we construct Chern-Simons actions invariant under these symmetries. This leads to a sequence of non-relativistic gravity theories, where the simplest examples correspond to extended Newton-Hooke and extended (post-)Newtonian gravity together with their Carrollian counterparts

Efficiency of Combined Processes Coagulation/Solar Photo Fenton in the Treatment of Landfill Leachate

The combined coagulation-solar photo Fenton treatment of leachate from the sanitary landfill located in Atlantico-Colombia was investigated. Firstly, the efficiency of two alternative combined treatments for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand in leachate was assessed, coagulation with poly-aluminum chloride followed by solar photo-Fenton process (Treatment 1) and coagulation with FeCl3·6H2O followed by ferrioxalate-induced solar photo-Fenton process (Treatment 2). Afterwards, treatments 1 and 2 were compared with the treatment currently used in the sanitary landfill (only coagulation with poly-aluminum chloride), in terms of efficiency and costs. An optimization study of alternative treatments was performed combining central-composite experimental design and response surface methodology. The optimum conditions resulted in a chemical oxygen demand reduction of 73 % and 80 % for Treatment 1 and 2, respectively. Both alternative treatments for the leachate are more efficient than the treatment currently used in the sanitary landfill (chemical oxygen demand reduction of 20 %). In terms of costs, treatment 1 would be the most competitive to implement in the sanitary landfill, since this would have an increase of 13.3 % in the total unitary cost compared to an increase of 39.5 % of treatment 2

Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with a Chromosome 9p21 Hexanucleotide Repeat

To determine the genetic basis of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) we performed a clinical and genetic analysis of an affected family. A 51-year-old man with behavioral variant FTLD with ALS had a family history of the disease suggestive of autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. Genetic studies in this patient demonstrated the presence of an amplified hexanucleotide repeat (>30) polymorphism in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) gene which was previously identified as a cause of FTLD. Five others unaffected from the family were negative (all had less than 11 repeats). Because of the clinical and pathological overlap between FTLD and AD we performed a larger genome-wide association study and did not find association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the C9ORF72 gene with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. Bioinformatic analysis of C9ORF72 using the Gene Expression Omnibus database showed expression differences in patients with muscular dystrophy, neural tube defects, and schizophrenia. We also report analysis of gene expression in brain regions using the Allen Human Brain Atlas. Defects in this recently reported gene are now believed to be the most common cause of inherited ALS and an important cause of inherited FTLD. Our work suggests that the gene may also be important in other neurological and psychiatric conditions

Building process of industrial chimneys of brick in Valencia and Murcia

[ES] A partir de entrevistas realizadas a distintos maestros constructores de chimeneas industriales de ladrillo, pertenecientes a las escuelas valenciana y murciana, que recurren a estilos y sistemas de ejecución muy diferentes, se ha procedido a describir los sistemas empleados en España para la construcción de estos monolitos industriales. Los sistemas abordados implementan los conocimientos de la Historia de la Construcción española, con un elemento que tuvo una corta vida, pero que fue esencial en la evolución industrial y son clave a la hora de enfrentarnos a una posible restauración del elemento.[EN] The system used in Spain for the construction of industrial brick chimneys in east and south east of Spain and those that have been its influence is described in this paper, from interviews with different master builders belonging to the Valencia and Murcia schools, with styles and systems of very different execution. The addressed systems implement the knowledge of the Spanish Construction History, of an item that had a short life though it was essential in industrial development and becomes the key for a possible restoration of the element.López Patiño, MG.; Verdejo Gimeno, P.; Martínez Antón, A.; Benlloch Marco, J. (2016). Proceso de ejecución de chimeneas industriales de ladrillo valencianas y murcianas. Informes de la Construcción. 68(543):1-10. doi:10.3989/ic.15.068S11068543(1) Valdés, N. (1870). Manual del ingeniero y arquitecto. Madrid: Imprenta de Gabriel Alhambra.(2) Rebolledo, J.A. (1875). Construcción general. Madrid: Imprenta y Fundición de J. Antonio García.(3) Wilson, R. (1877). Boiler and factory chimneys, their draught-power and stability. London: Crosby Lockwood & Co.(4) Buchanan, R. (1850). An account of the chimney of the Edimburg Gas Works, with observations on the principles of its strenght and stability. Civil Engineers and Architects Journal.(6) Bancroft, R.M., Bancroft F.J. (1885). A practical treatise on the construction of Tall chimney Shafts. Manchester: John Calvert

Susceptibility of biological stages of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, to entomopathogenic fungi (Hyphomycetes)

The susceptibility of the egg, pupa, and adult of Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) to isolates of the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sor., Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown and Smith, was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Groups of 20 eggs than 4 h old, pupae less than 48h old and adults were sprayed with a conidial suspension of each isolate. Eggs, pupae and adults of horn fly were susceptible to these entomopathogenic fungi. For treated eggs, the isolates Ma3, Ma 15, Ma25, Pfr1, and Pfr8 reduced adult emergence to 3.8% to 6.3% in comparison with the control (72%). The mortality of pupae infected by the isolates Ma2, Ma25, and Pfr10 ranged between 50% and 71.3%. Mortality of adults after treatment with the isolates Ma6, Ma 10, Ma 14, Ma 15, Pfr 1, Pfr 9, Pfr 10, Pfr 11, and Pfr12 were higher than 90%. The isolate Ma6 produced the lowest LC(50) against adult horn flies (8.08 &times 10(2)conidia/ml). These findings supported the hypotheses that isolates of M. anisopliae, and P. fumosoroseus are pathogenic against the different biological stages of horn flies by reducing adult emergence when applied on groups of eggs and pupae, and producing mortality when applied to adults