Determination of plasma melatonin levels by enzyme-linked inmunoabsobent assay (EIA) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) and tench (Tinca tinca L.)

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Genetic inherence of the response to human kairomones by two allopatric members of the Lutzomyia longipalpis complex

The sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) is the main vector of Leishmania infantum in the New World. Several studies show that Lu. longipalpis is a species complex of at least three members. The feeding habits among the members of the complex vary from one geographical location to another. These differences in feeding habits may be related to differences between different members of the complex. The present study investigates differences in the response to human kairomones by two members of the complex, as well as the possibility that differences in the response have a genetic basis. One of the members used in this study is from Jacobina Bahia State, Brazil. Males from this population are known to produce a sex pheromone characterized by a C16 molecule identified as 3-methyl-α-himachelene. The other member is from a population originating in Marajó Island, Pará State, Brazil. Males from this location secrete a sex pheromone characterized by a C20 molecule whose structure remains to be elucidated, but is known to be a diterpene type. Our findings indicate that Jacobina females are significantly more responsive to human odours than Marajo females. When Jacobina and Marajó populations of Lu. longipalpis complex are cross-mated, the response of F1 females to the human odours is found to be genetically controlled

Efeito da suplementação de lipídios sobre a digestibilidade e os parâmetros da fermentação ruminal em cabras leiteiras Effect of lipid supplementation on digestibility and ruminal metabolism in dairy goats

Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de óleo de soja (OS), sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa (SC) e grão de soja (GS) na dieta sobre o consumo, as digestibilidades total e ruminal dos nutrientes, os parâmetros ruminais e a produção e eficiência de produção de proteína microbiana em cabras. Foram utilizadas oito cabras não-gestantes e não-lactantes, fistuladas no rúmen, distribuídas em delineamento experimental em quadrado latino 4 x 4, com duas repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro dietas, sendo uma controle (C), isenta de lipídio suplementar, e as demais, adicionadas de um dos suplementos testados, contribuindo com 4,5% de EE suplementar (6,5% na dieta total). A suplementação lipídica não alterou o consumo de MS. Os coeficientes das digestibilidades total e ruminal do EE nas dietas com suplementos lipídicos foram superiores aos da dieta controle. Maior tempo de retenção de partículas sólidas foi obtido com o uso de grão de soja como suplemento. Os tratamentos não influenciaram o pH, a síntese e a eficiência de proteína microbiana, mas reduziram a concentração de amônia no rúmen. A suplementação com lipídios no nível de 4,5% pode ser utilizada de modo eficiente em dietas para caprinos.<br>Eight non-pregnant, non-lactating dairy goats fitted with ruminal cannulas were assigned to two replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares to evaluate the effects of lipid supplementation on intake, total tract and ruminal digestibility of nutrients, ruminal metabolism, and microbial protein synthesis. Animals were fed a control diet (no fat supplementation; 2.0% ether extract) or a diet supplemented (4.5% of added ether extract) with soybean oil (SO), calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (CS) or whole soybean grain (WS). No significant differences were observed for dry matter intake among diets. Apparent total tract and ruminal digestibilities of ether extract were greater on diets containing fat supplements than on the control diet. The greatest ruminal retention time of particles was observed in the WS diet. Fat supplementation did not affect ruminal pH and microbial protein synthesis and efficiency but reduced the concentration of ruminal ammonia. Based on these results, it is recommended the addition of up to 4.5% of fat in diets of non-lactating dairy goats

First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way

Abstract We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the Galactic center source associated with a supermassive black hole. These observations were conducted in 2017 using a global interferometric array of eight telescopes operating at a wavelength of λ = 1.3 mm. The EHT data resolve a compact emission region with intrahour variability. A variety of imaging and modeling analyses all support an image that is dominated by a bright, thick ring with a diameter of 51.8 ± 2.3 μas (68% credible interval). The ring has modest azimuthal brightness asymmetry and a comparatively dim interior. Using a large suite of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the EHT images of Sgr A* are consistent with the expected appearance of a Kerr black hole with mass ∼4 × 106 M ⊙, which is inferred to exist at this location based on previous infrared observations of individual stellar orbits, as well as maser proper-motion studies. Our model comparisons disfavor scenarios where the black hole is viewed at high inclination (i &gt; 50°), as well as nonspinning black holes and those with retrograde accretion disks. Our results provide direct evidence for the presence of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, and for the first time we connect the predictions from dynamical measurements of stellar orbits on scales of 103–105 gravitational radii to event-horizon-scale images and variability. Furthermore, a comparison with the EHT results for the supermassive black hole M87* shows consistency with the predictions of general relativity spanning over three orders of magnitude in central mass.</jats:p

Circulating microRNAs in sera correlate with soluble biomarkers of immune activation but do not predict mortality in ART treated individuals with HIV-1 infection: A case control study

10.1371/journal.pone.0139981PLoS ONE1010e013998