MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Ferroelectric thin film nanostructures by laser ablation

Dissertação de mestrado em FísicaMateriais compósitos multiferróicos são de grande interesse para aplicações tecnológicas devido ao efeito de acoplamento magnetoeléctrico, através do qual se pode usar um campo eléctrico (magnético) para controlar a magnetização (polarização). Este efeito pode ser aumentado consideravelmente sob a forma de filmes finos através de engenharia de tensões, ou seja, a indução propositada de tensões na estrutura cristalina ao combinar materiais com parâmetros de rede distintos. Existem vários métodos para produzir as estruturas compósitas, sendo a ablação laser pulsada num gás de fundo notável pela sua simplicidade e controlo preciso dos parâmetros de deposição, nomeadamente da pressão do gás e da distância alvo-substrato. Contudo, a optimização dos parâmetros de deposição de forma a obter filmes com a microestrutura pretendida ainda é feita à base de tentativa e erro, justificando a modelização da dinâmica da pluma de ablação no gás de fundo a fim de tentar prever a estrutura resultante no filme. Neste estudo, sistemas compósitos multiferróicos foram produzidos por ablação laser pulsada. Os sistemas estudados foram filmes finos de niobato de lítio (LiNbO3, ferroeléctrico) depositados em sub stratos de Si e de Si\Pt, e filmes finos bi-camada de LiNbO3/CoFe2O4 (ferrite de cobalto, ferromagnético) depositados em substratos de Si\Pt. O LiNbO3 possui propriedades piezoeléctricas e electro-ópticas el evadas enquanto que o CoFe2O4 tem uma magnetostrição, magnetização de saturação, coercividade e anisotropia magnetocristalina elevadas. Os filmes foram depositados a 650 ◦C e à temperatura ambiente, neste último caso tendo sido submetidos a um processo de recozimento pós-deposição. Foram usadas diferentes combinações de pressão e distância alvo-substrato. Estudaram-se os filmes usando técnias de microscopia electrónica, nomeadamente microscopia electrónica de varrimento e feixe de iões focado. A dinâmica da pluma de ablação no gás de fundo foi modelizada segundo um modelo de onda de choque, resultando uma equação para a propagação da frente de onda e permitindo a determinação de uma relação pressão-distância. Ao aplicar esta relação aos filmes, foi construído um diagrama de fases das zonas do diagrama de Thornton, para ambas as temperaturas de deposição, permitindo a previsão de zona estrutural resultante para uma dada pressão e distância. Observou-se que filmes depositados à temperatura ambiente tinham uma estrutura da zona 1, modi ficada para a zona 2-3 pelo processo de recozimento. Filmes depositados a 650 ◦C tinham uma estrutura da zona 2-3 excepto quando o tempo de deposição era muito elevado. Neste caso observou-se uma estru tura da zona 1-T, resultado da espessura acrescida do filme induzir relaxamento da estrutura e defeitos. Os diagramas de fase obtidos revelam que, para que os filmes de LiNbO3 atinjam uma estrutura da zona 2-3 à temperatura ambiente, a distância alvo-substrato teria que ser baixa o suficiente tal que repulveriza ção do filme depositado se torna provável. Também se observou que, de uma forma geral, a espessura do filme e os tamanhos de grão aumentam com o tempo de deposição. Contudo, o aparecimento de uma estrutura da zona 1 para valores elevados do tempo de deposição indica a exist฀ncia de um valor óptimo, atingindo um equilíbrio entre cristalinidade do filme e microestrutura adequada, mas sem aumento da espessura ao ponto de impedir difusão de superfície ou induzir relaxamento da estrutura nos filmes.Multiferroic composite materials are of great interest for technological applications due to the magne toelectric coupling effect, by which an electric (magnetic) field may be used to control the magnetization (polarization). In the form of thin films this effect can be considerably increased by strain engineering, or the purposeful creation of strains in the crystalline structure by the combination of materials with lattice mismatch. Different deposition methods are available to produce the composite structures, with pulsed laser ablation in a background gas being noteworthy for its simplicity and precise control of the deposition parameters, namely the gas pressure and the target-substrate distance. However, the optimization of the deposition parameters to obtain films with the desired microstructure is still performed on a trial and error basis, justifying the modelling of the ablation plume dynamics with the background gas in order to try and predict the resulting film structure. In this study, multiferroic composite systems were produced by pulsed laser ablation. The systems studied consisted of lithium niobate (LiNbO3, ferroelectric) thin films deposited on Si and Si\Pt substrates, and bi-layer LiNbO3/CoFe2O4 (cobalt ferrite, ferromagnetic) thin films deposited on Si\Pt substrates. LiNbO3 possesses high piezoelectric and electro-optic properties while CoFe2O4 has high magnetostric tion, saturation magnetization, coercivity and magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The films were deposited at 650 ◦C and at room temperature, with the latter submitted to an annealing procedure post-deposition. Different pressure and target-substrate distance combinations were used. The resulting films were studied using electron microscopy techniques, namely scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam. The ablation plume dynamics in the background gas was modelled according to a blast wave model, providing an equation for the propagation of the shock front and allowing the determination of a pressure distance relationship. Applying this relationship to the films, a phase diagram of the zones of Thornton’s diagram was built for both deposition temperatures, allowing the prediction of the resulting zone structure for a given pressure and distance. It was observed that films deposited at room temperature displayed a zone 1 structure, with the annealing procedure modifying it to zone 2-3. Films deposited at 650 ◦C displayed a zone 2-3 structure, except when the deposition time was very high. In this case a zone 1-T structure was observed, a result of the increased film thickness inducing the presence of structure relaxation and defects. The phase diagrams obtained reveal that for the LiNbO3 films to achieve a zone 2-3 structure at room temperature, the target-substrate distance would have to be low enough that resputtering of the deposited film becomes likely. It was also observed that the film thickness and grain size generally increased with deposition time. However, the appearance of a zone 1 structure for high values of deposition time indicates the existence of an optimal value, striking a balance between film crystallinity and adequate microstructure, but without increasing the thickness to the extent of inhibiting surface diffusion or inducing structure relaxation in the films

Synthesis, structural and dielectric properties of Ca3Mn2O7 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

Multiferroic Ruddlesden-Popper Ca3Mn2O7 thin films were prepared by laser ablation on SrTiO3 substrates. For low laser fluences and high oxygen pressures, the films assumed the CaMnO3 Pnma orthorhombic structure. However, by increasing fluence and decreasing the oxygen pressure, the Ca3Mn2O7 phase is achieved through a post-deposition annealing treatment. Furthermore, the ferroelectric phase A21am was observed in the films, along with the orthorhombic Acaa phase, with a preferential [111] growth orientation and substrate-induced enhancement of the polar ferroelectric distortion. The dielectric permittivity shows dispersion described by the Havriliak-Negami function, and from fits to the curves, a different behavior was observed in the antiferromagnetic region. Also, the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts stretched exponential parameter showed an abrupt decrease below ~110 K, near the Néel temperature. This indicates the presence of magnetoelectric interactions and magnetically induced enhancement of dipolar correlations in the samples, favoring substrate-induced strain to enhance multiferroicity in these films.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), through the projects POCI-01-0145- FEDER-029454, NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-028538, PTDC/NAN-MAT/ 0098/2020, NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-022096, and POCI-01-0145- FEDER-032527. V. B. Isfahani acknowledges a post-doc grant from the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-028538. B. M. Silva and J. Oliveira acknowledge their Ph.D. grants from FCT, with references 2021.07277. BD and SFRH/BD/146886/2019, respectively. F. L. Deepak acknowledges the CASOLEM project (028917) “Correlated Analysis of Inorganic Solar Cells in and outside an Electron Microscope”, co-funded by FCT and ERDF through COMPETE2020

Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable

Brazil, home to one of the planet's last great forests, is currently in trade negotiations with its second largest trading partner, the European Union (EU). We urge the EU to seize this critical opportunity to ensure that Brazil protects human rights and the environment