An Economic Analysis of the Price Discount for Over Thirty Months of Age Cattle

On December 23, 2003, the first confirmed United States case of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, or BSE, was discovered in Washington State. Four major importing countries of United States beef placed import bans on this beef immediately following the emergence of BSE. Since then all four countries have lifted the bans but placed restrictions of not importing beef from cattle over 30 months of age. As a result, cattle priced on formulas or on grids are discounted if older than 30 months. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the impacts that economic factors have upon the over thirty month discount and the relative over thirty month discount. Two models are run, a model showing how the economic factors effect 1) the discount and 2) the relative discount. Time series modeling using the ordinary least squares regression method is employed. Economic factors, such as prices, supplies, United States beef exports, and export restrictions, are shown to affect the discount and relative discount for cattle over 30 months of age. Supplies have the largest impact on the discount and relative discount. As supplies increase the discount and relative discount increases. United States beef exports have the next largest impact on the discount and relative discount. An increase in exports to countries that maintain age restrictions will increase the discount and relative discount, while an increase in exports to countries without age restrictions will decrease the discount and relative discount. The reopening of beef trade between the United States and South Korea is found to cause the discount to grow. This thesis found that as supplies increase or a higher percentage of United States beef exports are imported by countries with age restrictions on beef, the discount will increase, overall decreasing the value of these older cattle. If a higher percent of United States beef exports are imported by counties that do not have age restrictions, the discount will decrease and the value of these older cattle will increase. Overall, this thesis provides insight into the factors that change the discount for cattle over thirty months of age

English verb regularization in books and tweets

The English language has evolved dramatically throughout its lifespan, to the extent that a modern speaker of Old English would be incomprehensible without translation. One concrete indicator of this process is the movement from irregular to regular (-ed) forms for the past tense of verbs. In this study we quantify the extent of verb regularization using two vastly disparate datasets: (1) Six years of published books scanned by Google (2003-2008), and (2) A decade of social media messages posted to Twitter (2008-2017). We find that the extent of verb regularization is greater on Twitter, taken as a whole, than in English Fiction books. Regularization is also greater for tweets geotagged in the United States relative to American English books, but the opposite is true for tweets geotagged in the United Kingdom relative to British English books. We also find interesting regional variations in regularization across counties in the United States. However, once differences in population are accounted for, we do not identify strong correlations with socio-demographic variables such as education or income

The Student Movement Volume 108 Issue 6: Tayloring the Future: Andrews Inaugurates New President

HUMANS Filipino Pride and the Bayanihan Spirit, Savannah Tyler Intangible Impressions of Spiritual Life at Andrews, Savannah Tyler Meet the Majors: Part 2, Reagan McCain From Underdog to gRad-dog: A graduate student\u27s perspective on the transition from undergraduate to graduate school, Anna Rybachek ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT A New Chapter in Seasons, Nailea Soto A Report on the Eras Tour Movie, Nate Miller Gilmore Girls: The Downfall of College Rory, Audrey Lim How to Enter Music Circles on Campus, Reagan McCain NEWS Armenia - Azerbaijan Conflict, Katie Davis The Inauguration, Kiheon Chung Noche Latina: A Night to Celebrate Hispanic Heritage, Melissa Moore Understanding Tomorrow Today: The Fall 2023 Kingman Lecture, Jonathan Clough IDEAS My Struggle with Secular Music, Kiheon Chung No News Is Good News - But Here\u27s Some Good News!, Reagan Westerman Pakistan\u27s First Miss Universe Winner, Katie Davis PULSE American Melodies in Harmony with the AUSO, Aiko J. Ayala Rios Celebrating Filipino American History Month, Brooklyn Anderson Why We Can\u27t Seem to Get Enough Sleep, Alyssa Caruthers LAST WORD Do it For The Plot, Lily Burkehttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-108/1005/thumbnail.jp

The Student Movement Volume 108 Issue 2: World Changers Assemble!

HUMANS Meet Pastor Taurus Montgomery, Colin Cha Uniting AULA with Sofia Oudri, Grace No World Changers Take On Changing the World, Savannah Tyler ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT Bewitched: An Album for the Fall Season, Lexie Dunham Music Notes for Change Day, Aiko J. Ayala Rios Processing Through Poetry: Raw & Real, Madison Vath NEWS Being Unstoppable: AU Fall Week of Prayer, Jonathan Clough FIBA Games Spark Questions for Competing Nations Ahead of the \u2724 Summer Olympics, Andrew Francis Honors\u27 Agape Feast Starts New Year of Faith and Fellowship, Andrew Francis IDEAS A Life Worth Living, Reagan Westerman The Victoria\u27s Secret Fashion Show Returns: Is it a Marketing Tactic or Genuine Change?, Daena Holbrook PULSE AU Sports, Alyssa Caruthers More Change Day Experiences, Various Students The Strange Thing About Service, Wambui Karanja Uplifting Spaces on Campus: Reflections from Nicole Compton-Gray, Nicole Compton-Gray LAST WORD An Advertising-Free Zone, Scott Moncrieffhttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-108/1001/thumbnail.jp

The Student Movement Volume 108 Issue 3: Todos Unidos: Andrews Celebrates Hispanic Heritage Month

HUMANS Hispanic Heritage Month, Grace No Bigger and Better! Hailey and AUSA Coming With New Events for This Year!, Nehemiah Sitler Say Hello to Professor Harris, Grace No Welcome to the Writing Center, Savannah Tyler ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT An Evening with Ada Limón, Nathaniel Miller AU Architecture Program Part I, Katrina Johnson (senior, architecture) Makarios: Hispanic Expression through Ministry, Nailea Soto Stitch by Stitch We Cross-Stitch, Amelia Stefanescu This Semester at HPAC: The Power of Live Music, Reagan McCain NEWS AULA Goes Back-to-School, Melissa Moore International Students Share Thoughts on International Basketball, Andrew Francis Science Complex Hosts Panel on Faith and Science, Andrew Francis Soaked and Destroyed: Hyperactive 2023 Hurricane Season Brings Destruction to East Coast., Nehemiah Sitler IDEAS A Brief Understanding of the Venezuelan Refugee Crisis, Robert Zhang Do You Want to Get Starbucks Right Now? , Charisse Lapuebla Fentanyl: From Pain Relief to Public Health Crisis, Katherine Pierre PULSE A Conscious Community, Caitlin Adap Spiritual Life at AU, Rodney Bell II Voy a Palenque, Wambi Karanja LAST WORD Multipassionate Potential, Melissa Moorehttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-108/1002/thumbnail.jp

The Student Movement Volume 108 Issue 1: \u2723 and me: Welcome to the AU Family!

HUMANS Babbling at the Crayon Box, Anneliese Tessalee Dorm Sweet Dorm, Savannah Tyler Surviving Freshman Year 101, Colin Cha ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT AU\u27s Reception of Barbie , Amelia Stefanescu Hey, How Was Your Summer? , Nailea Soto Sewing as an Art Form: My Experience as a First-Time Formal Dressmaker, Daena Holbrook Shadow & Bone: Reentering the Grishaverse, Madison Vath NEWS Another Generation, Another Convocation, Melissa Moore Canada\u27s Fiery Struggle: The Ongoing Battle Against Wildfires, Brendan Oh Labor Day, the Writers\u27 Strikes, and Fairness, Nathaniel Miller IDEAS Antibiotic Resistance, Sumin Lee Chapel Credits: Fair or Unfair?, Corinna Bevier From Flowers to Fires: Does Climate Change Rhetoric Need to Change?, Bella Hamann Suicide Prevention Month and the Power of Support, Reagan Westerman PULSE All That and Then Summer, Lexie Dunham Food Near AU, Alyssa Caruthers Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, is There a Fairest of Them All?, Anna Rybachek Social Media Fasts, Rodney Bell II LAST WORD You Are a God Who Sees Me, Chris Ngugihttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-108/1000/thumbnail.jp

Model-based assessment of mammalian cell metabolic functionalities using omics data.

Omics experiments are ubiquitous in biological studies, leading to a deluge of data. However, it is still challenging to connect changes in these data to changes in cell functions because of complex interdependencies between genes, proteins, and metabolites. Here, we present a framework allowing researchers to infer how metabolic functions change on the basis of omics data. To enable this, we curated and standardized lists of metabolic tasks that mammalian cells can accomplish. Genome-scale metabolic networks were used to define gene sets associated with each metabolic task. We further developed a framework to overlay omics data on these sets and predict pathway usage for each metabolic task. We demonstrated how this approach can be used to quantify metabolic functions of diverse biological samples from the single cell to whole tissues and organs by using multiple transcriptomic datasets. To facilitate its adoption, we integrated the approach into GenePattern (www.genepattern.org-CellFie)

ENFERMEDADES RELACIONADAS AL ESTILO DE VIDA EN LIMA, PERÚ

Introducción: Las enfermedades relacionadas al estilo de vida son uno de los mayores retos de salud del siglo 21. Objetivos: El propósito de esta investigación fue obtener una base de datos para estudiar la prevalencia de enfermedades de las personas que viven en pobreza en Lima, Perú. Metodología: La investigación estuvo localizada en los distritos de Comas y Carabayllo en Lima, Perú. Contamos con un total de 829 adultos y 770 niños (0-17 años de edad) participantes. La data fue recolectada a través de clínicas comunitarias gratuitas, estas incluyeron muestras de sangre para evaluar la hemoglobina, glucosa, hemoglobina glicosilada, lípidos, vitamina D, y anticuerpos en contra de Chagas y Helicobacter pylori. Para la población pediátrica sólo se utilizó los records médicos; no se utilizaron muestras de sangre con propósitos de investigación. Resultados: Los resultados más significativos fueron: 50,9% con presión arterial sanguínea elevada siendo sistólica o diastólica, 47% Con hemoglobina glicosilada elevada, 24% glucosa en ayuno elevada, 57,2% con un al menos un parámetro elevado del panel lípido, 32,6% hemoglobina baja, 97,2% Vitamina D baja, 59% positivo para anticuerpos de Helicobacter, y 5,6% positivo con anticuerpos de Chagas. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue 65,1% para adultos y 42,3% para la población pediátrica. Conclusión: Los resultados demuestran anomalías relacionadas al estilo de vida. Esta información puede utilizarse para desarrollar estrategias de prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades relacionadas al estilo de vida, con enfoque en la educación y cambios en el estilo de vida.   DOI: https://doi.org/10.25176/RFMH.v17.n2.83

Dietary levels of pure flavonoids improve spatial memory performance and increase hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Evidence suggests that flavonoid-rich foods are capable of inducing improvements in memory and cognition in animals and humans. However, there is a lack of clarity concerning whether flavonoids are the causal agents in inducing such behavioral responses. Here we show that supplementation with pure anthocyanins or pure flavanols for 6 weeks, at levels similar to that found in blueberry (2% w/w), results in an enhancement of spatial memory in 18 month old rats. Pure flavanols and pure anthocyanins were observed to induce significant improvements in spatial working memory (p = 0.002 and p = 0.006 respectively), to a similar extent to that following blueberry supplementation (p = 0.002). These behavioral changes were paralleled by increases in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (R = 0.46, p<0.01), suggesting a common mechanism for the enhancement of memory. However, unlike protein levels of BDNF, the regional enhancement of BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus appeared to be predominantly enhanced by anthocyanins. Our data support the claim that flavonoids are likely causal agents in mediating the cognitive effects of flavonoid-rich foods

Transcriptome Profiling of Citrus Fruit Response to Huanglongbing Disease

Huanglongbing (HLB) or “citrus greening” is the most destructive citrus disease worldwide. In this work, we studied host responses of citrus to infection with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas) using next-generation sequencing technologies. A deep mRNA profile was obtained from peel of healthy and HLB-affected fruit. It was followed by pathway and protein-protein network analysis and quantitative real time PCR analysis of highly regulated genes. We identified differentially regulated pathways and constructed networks that provide a deep insight into the metabolism of affected fruit. Data mining revealed that HLB enhanced transcription of genes involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis and in ATP synthesis. Activation of protein degradation and misfolding processes were observed at the transcriptomic level. Transcripts for heat shock proteins were down-regulated at all disease stages, resulting in further protein misfolding. HLB strongly affected pathways involved in source-sink communication, including sucrose and starch metabolism and hormone synthesis and signaling. Transcription of several genes involved in the synthesis and signal transduction of cytokinins and gibberellins was repressed while that of genes involved in ethylene pathways was induced. CaLas infection triggered a response via both the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways and increased the transcript abundance of several members of the WRKY family of transcription factors. Findings focused on the fruit provide valuable insight to understanding the mechanisms of the HLB-induced fruit disorder and eventually developing methods based on small molecule applications to mitigate its devastating effects on fruit production