Comparison analysis on scaling the vertical and lateral NMOSFET in nanometer regime

Conventional lateral and vertical n-channel MOS transistors with channel length in the range of 100 nm to 50 nm have been systematically investigated by means of device simulation. The comparison analysis includes critical parameters that govern device performance. Threshold voltage VT roll-off, leakage current Ioff drain saturation current IDsat and sub-threshold swing S were analyze and compared between the device. Due to double gate (DG) structure over the side of silicon pillar a better electrostatics potential control of channel is obtained in vertical device shown by an analysis on VT roll-off. A two decade higher of Ioff in planar device is observed with Lg = 50 nm. A factor of three times larger IDsat is observed for vertical MOSFETs compared to planar device. The sub-threshold swing S remains almost the same when the Lg larger than 80 nm. It increased rapidly when the Lg is scaled down to 50 nm due to the short channel effect SCE. However, the vertical device has a steady increase whereas the planar device has suffered immediate enhance of SCE. The analysis results confirmed that vertical MOSFET with double-gate structure is a potential solution to overcome SCE when scaled the channel length to 50 nm and beyond

The characteristics of the Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) through Moodle: a view on students’ knowledge construction process

Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is based on the pedagogical process of observation where students will learn progressively through active group interaction. CSCL is an emerging branch of the learning sciences concerned with studying on how people can learn together with the help of computers. Thus, this research was conducted to measure the characteristics of the CSCL learning environment through Moodle that assists the process of students’ knowledge construction during the teaching and learning process. The CSCL learning environment is an educational learning system which develops to help the teachers and students in managing School Based Assessment (SBA) in selected secondary school in Malaysia. Samples involved two groups of students and two Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) teachers from two different schools. A total of 61 students, who were taught using CSCL approach through Moodle, underwent the process of teaching and learning using their school computer laboratory. The finding shows that the characteristics of the CSCL learning approach that used in this learning environment for the first group are at a high level with overall mean of 4.17 and the second group at moderate level with overall mean of 3.62. The result proves that the characteristics of the CSCL learning environment help students to build their knowledge during teaching and learning process at the high level with an overall mean score of 3.87. The mean of these two groups may vary according to students’ background, as well as learning environment facilities. Although, CSCL leads to students’ self-development, improving learning quality, sharing knowledge and assisting students’ in the process of building their knowledge, implementation of CSCL must first considering the technology relevant facilities, especially computer laboratory and internet accessibility in school. The implication is that designing a good CSCL must also taking into account the targeted users’ cultural background and socioeconomic factor

INVESTIGATION OF SHORT CHANNEL EFFECT ON VERTICAL STRUCTURES IN NANOSCALE MOSFET

The recent development of MOSFET demands innovative approach to maintain the scaling into nanoscale dimension. This paper focuses on the physical nature of vertical MOSFET in nanoscale regime. Vertical structure is one of the promising devices in further scaling, with relaxed-lithography feature in the manufacture. The comparison of vertical and lateral MOSFET performance for nanoscale channel length (Lch) is demonstrated with the help of numerical tools. The evaluation of short channel effect (SCE) parameters, i.e. threshold voltage roll-off, subthreshold swing (SS), drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and leakage current shows the considerable advantages as well as its thread-off in implementing the structure, in particular for nanoscale regime

Video animation as teaching aid for engineering drawing course in Malaysia vocational college

The rapid development of information and communications technology (ICT) today has given a new breath to use of computer in education. One of the increasingly popular nowadays is a multimedia technology that merges a variety of media such as text, graphics, animation, video and audio controlled by a computer. With this technology, a wide range of multimedia software can be developed to improve the quality of education. This study aims to develop a multimedia educational animated video based interactive teaching and learning theory and design appropriate for Engineering Drawing subject in the title of Orthographic Projection according to the syllabus of Malaysia Vocational College. This research involved 30 respondents from Industrial Machining students in Vocational College. The research design was conducted by simple survey to collect data from the respondents. The instruments used in the form of a questionnaire to obtain information. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 24. The study found that the interactive multimedia materials that have visual graphics, text, audio, video and animation, capable of increasing the rate of their acceptance more than 30% compared to using traditional learning methods

Exploring digital competencies domain and elements for information technology graduates in Malaysia

This paper explores the reliability of an instrument to evaluate digital competencies domain and elements for polytechnics’ information technology (IT) graduates in Malaysia towards future industrial revolution using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). This study thereby obtained 146 items from the previous phase (industries experts’ interview) which was later developed according to the study’s objectives. Experts validated the items, and after that, a pilot study was executed with 102 randomly chosen Polytechnics’ IT lecturers from four Malaysian Polytechnics as the respondents for this study. Four domains had been decided which are Personal Effective Competencies, Functional Competencies, Essential Competencies, and Industrial Revolution 4.0 (4IR) Competencies. Elements for each domain were created using the EFA, in which internal reliability was achieved for all construct dimensions. There were 15 elements gained through EFA for those four domains

Technical Competencies in Digital Technology Towards Industrial Revolution 4.0

In the contemporary digitalisation and robotics world, industries are facing what is known as the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0). The belief by most experts is that some professions will be replaced by emerging technologies. As such, the education sector is affected as only qualified, highly skilled and educated employees are required. IR4.0 technologies have created new jobs in meeting the needs of the existing market, as such more services and unique products will be introduced. Therefore, this study identifies the technical competency needed by industries towards future industrial revolution for TVET graduates. This study uses qualitative method and has implemented survey method of distributing a set of questionnaires to selected respondents. The study also employs the use of structured interview session with two TVET experts in order to support the findings. Purposive sampling was used to select the respondent, where the respondents comprised students and lecturers from Malaysian premier polytechnics, such as Ibrahim Sultan Polytechnic, Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Polytechnic and Ungku Omar Polytechnic. However, only 197 final year students and 89 lecturers from bachelor’s degree level from four programs (civil engineering department, electric and electronic engineering department and mechanical engineering department as well as the design and visual communication department) were chosen. Analysis of interview session from the experts indicated that three critical technical skill themes are needed for IR4.0: analysing, interpreting and documenting data; understanding and optimising process; and, executing, troubleshooting and maintaining of devices. Findings from the survey concluded that the respondents’ level of knowledge and skills to most of the technical competency is still at the average level and requires a lot of improvement. This implies that new technical knowledge should be embedded in the new curriculum on technology for their future knowledge, in order to fit with the need of changes in technology

Tourism placemaking at tourism destination from governance concept

This paper focused on a critical review in tourism place-making from the concept of governance. The term Tourism Place-making is adopted from architecture; planning and design as an approach, and strategies to improve quality of life. However, in tourism, place-making is a process that creates the image of destination. Image destination is very important to attract and to repeat visitation among tourists. At present, tourism destination is controlled and is managed by the government or the top authorities. However, place-making process involves local community and has become a tool to support local economies and it acts as an approach to attract tourism. Thus, the concept of governance has been introduced and it is important for the local society to get involved and to participate in place?making. Moreover, governance has been described as a new form of coordination and coherence among the actors, which is characterized by different objectives and interest. The concept of governance is a different view from government, which involves the society that participates in place?making to create the image of tourism destination. Besides, studying governance provides information to the government on how well their system of governance is able to respond to the changing social, economic, and political circumstances of a society, and also in shaping the decision making process that involves people, values, place, culture, and the philosophy of government. The concept of governance in this study focused on Systems of Governing in destination. Due to these needs, a situational analysis based on literature review in this paper would be able to highlight tourism place?making and the concept of governance for its relevancy in creating an image of tourism destination

Effects of Metolachlor, Oxyfluorfen and Picloram on Cellulose Decomposition in a Peat Soil under Laboratory Conditions

The effects of the three herbicides, metolachlor, picloram and oxyfluorfen on cellulose decomposition were studied in a peat soil in laboratory experiments. The herbicides were either sprayed on to cellulose substrate before burial or incorporated directly into the soil. The herbicides applied directly to the substrates before burial reduced the decomposition of the substrate more than those applied to the soil. Pre-incubation of the treated soil for 4 weeks before burial slightly increased the decomposition rate after 6 or 12 weeks of incubation

Machine learning approach for flood risks prediction

Flood is one of main natural disaster that happens all around the globe caused law of nature. It has caused vast destruction of huge amount of properties, livestock and even loss of life. Therefore, the needs to develop an accurate and efficient flood risk prediction as an early warning system is highly essential. This study aims to develop a predictive modelling follow Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) methodology by using Bayesian network (BN) and other Machine Learning (ML) techniques such as Decision Tree (DT), k-Nearest Neighbours (kNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for flood risks prediction in Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia. The data is sourced from 5-year period between 2012 until 2016 consisting 1,827 observations. The performance of each models were compared in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and f-measure. The results showed that DT with SMOTE method performed the best compared to others by achieving 99.92% accuracy. Also, SMOTE method is found highly effective in dealing with imbalance dataset. Thus, it is hoped that the finding of this research may assist the non-government or government organization to take preventive action on flood phenomenon that commonly occurs in Malaysia due to the wet climate